<pclass="lead">Bootstrap has a few easy ways to quickly get started, each one appealing to a different skill level and use case. Read through to see what suits your particular needs.</p>
<p>The fastest way to get Bootstrap is to download the precompiled and minified versions of our CSS, JavaScript, and fonts. No documentation or original source code files are included.</p>
<p>The folks over at <ahref="http://www.maxcdn.com/">MaxCDN</a> graciously provide CDN support for Bootstrap's CSS and JavaScript. Just use these <ahref="http://www.bootstrapcdn.com/">Bootstrap CDN</a> links.</p>
<p>If you work with Bootstrap's uncompiled source code, you need to compile the LESS files to produce usable CSS files. For compiling LESS files into CSS, we only officially support <ahref="http://twitter.github.io/recess/">Recess</a>, which is Twitter's CSS hinter based on <ahref="http://lesscss.org">less.js</a>.</p>
<pclass="lead">Bootstrap is downloadable in two forms, within which you'll find the following directories and files, logically grouping common resources and providing both compiled and minified variations.</p>
<p>Please note that <strong>all JavaScript plugins require jQuery</strong> to be included, as shown in the <ahref="#template">starter template</a>. <ahref="{{ site.repo }}/blob/v{{ site.current_version }}/bower.json">Consult our <code>bower.json</code></a> to see which versions of jQuery are supported.</p>
<p>This is the most basic form of Bootstrap: precompiled files for quick drop-in usage in nearly any web project. We provide compiled CSS and JS (<code>bootstrap.*</code>), as well as compiled and minified CSS and JS (<code>bootstrap.min.*</code>). Fonts from Glyphicons are included, as is the optional Bootstrap theme.</p>
<p>The Bootstrap source code download includes the precompiled CSS, JavaScript, and font assets, along with source LESS, JavaScript, and documentation. More specifically, it includes the following and more:</p>
<p>The <code>less/</code>, <code>js/</code>, and <code>fonts/</code> are the source code for our CSS, JS, and icon fonts (respectively). The <code>dist/</code> folder includes everything listed in the precompiled download section above. <code>docs-assets/</code>, <code>examples/</code>, and all <code>*.html</code> files are for our documentation. Beyond that, any other included file provides support for packages, license information, and development.</p>
<pclass="lead">Start with this basic HTML template, or modify <ahref="../getting-started#examples">these examples</a>. We hope you'll customize our templates and examples, adapting them to suit your needs.</p>
<pclass="lead">Build on the basic template above with Bootstrap's many components. See also <ahref="#customizing">Customizing Bootstrap</a> for tips on maintaining your own Bootstrap variants.</p>
<li>Override the <code>width</code> on the <code>.container</code> for each grid tier with a single width, for example <code>width: 970px !important;</code> Be sure that this comes after the default Bootstrap CSS. You can optionally avoid the <code>!important</code> with media queries or some selector-fu.</li>
<li>For grid layouts, use <code>.col-xs-*</code> classes in addition to, or in place of, the medium/large ones. Don't worry, the extra-small device grid scales to all resolutions.</li>
<pclass="lead">Bootstrap 3 is not backwards compatible with v2.x. Use this section as a general guide to upgrading from v2.x to v3.0. For a broader overview, see <ahref="http://blog.getbootstrap.com/2013/08/19/bootstrap-3-released/">what's new</a> in the v3.0 release announcement.</p>
<td>No direct equivalent, but <ahref="../components/#list-group">list groups</a> and <ahref="../javascript/#collapse"><code>.panel-group</code>s</a> are similar.</td>
<p>Other changes in v3.0 are not immediately apparent. Base classes, key styles, and behaviors have been adjusted for flexibility and our <em>mobile first</em> approach. Here's a partial list:</p>
<li>By default, text-based form controls now receive only minimal styling. For focus colors and rounded corners, apply the <code>.form-control</code> class on the element to style.</li>
<li>Text-based form controls with the <code>.form-control</code> class applied are now 100% wide by default. Wrap inputs inside <code><div class="col-*"></div></code> to control input widths.</li>
<li>The icons, now <code>.glyphicon</code>, are now font based. Icons also require a base and icon class (e.g. <code>.glyphicon .glyphicon-asterisk</code>).</li>
<li>Modal markup has changed significantly. The <code>.modal-header</code>, <code>.modal-body</code>, and <code>.modal-footer</code> sections are now wrapped in <code>.modal-content</code> and <code>.modal-dialog</code> for better mobile styling and behavior.</li>
<li>The HTML loaded by the <code>remote</code> modal option is now injected into the <code>.modal</code> instead of into the <code>.modal-body</code>. This allows you to also easily vary the header and footer of the modal, not just the modal body.</li>
<li>JavaScript events are namespaced. For example, to handle the modal "show" event, use <code>'show.bs.modal'</code>. For tabs "shown" use <code>'shown.bs.tab'</code>, etc.</li>
<pclass="lead">Bootstrap is built to work best in the latest desktop and mobile browsers, meaning older browsers might display differently styled, though fully functional, renderings of certain components.</p>
<p>Unofficially, Bootstrap should look and behave well enough in Chromium and Chrome for Linux, Firefox for Linux, and Internet Explorer 7, though they are not officially supported.</p>
<p>Internet Explorer 8 and 9 are also supported, however, please be aware that some CSS3 properties and HTML5 elements are not fully supported by these browsers. In addition, <strong>Internet Explorer 8 requires the use of <ahref="https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond">Respond.js</a> to enable media query support.</strong></p>
<p>Using Respond.js with CSS hosted on a different (sub)domain (for example, on a CDN) requires some additional setup. <ahref="https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond/blob/master/README.md#cdnx-domain-setup">See the Respond.js docs</a> for details.</p>
<p>Due to browser security rules, Respond.js doesn't work with pages viewed via the <code>file://</code> protocol (like when opening a local HTML file). To test responsive features in IE8, view your pages over HTTP(S). <ahref="https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond/blob/master/README.md#support--caveats">See the Respond.js docs</a> for details.</p>
<p>Respond.js doesn't work with CSS that's referenced via <code>@import</code>. In particular, some Drupal configurations are known to use <code>@import</code>. <ahref="https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond/blob/master/README.md#support--caveats">See the Respond.js docs</a> for details.</p>
<p>IE8 does not fully support <code>box-sizing: border-box;</code> when combined with <code>min-width</code>, <code>max-width</code>, <code>min-height</code>, or <code>max-height</code>. For that reason, as of v3.0.1, we no longer use <code>max-width</code> on <code>.container</code>s.</p>
<p>Bootstrap is not supported in the old Internet Explorer compatibility modes. To be sure you're using the latest rendering mode for IE, consider including the appropriate <code><meta></code> tag in your pages:</p>
<p>Confirm the document mode by opening the debugging tools: press <kbd>F12</kbd> and check the "Document Mode".</p>
<p>This tag is included in all Bootstrap's documentation and examples to ensure the best rendering possible in each supported version of Internet Explorer.</p>
<p>See <ahref="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6771258/whats-the-difference-if-meta-http-equiv-x-ua-compatible-content-ie-edge">this StackOverflow question</a> for more information.</p>
<p>Internet Explorer 10 doesn't differentiate <strong>device width</strong> from <strong>viewport width</strong>, and thus doesn't properly apply the media queries in Bootstrap's CSS. Normally you'd just add a quick snippet of CSS to fix this:</p>
{% highlight css %}
@-ms-viewport { width: device-width; }
{% endhighlight %}
<p>However, this doesn't work as it causes Windows Phone 8 devices to show a mostly desktop view instead of narrow "phone" view. To address this, you'll need to <strong>include the following CSS and JavaScript to work around the bug until Microsoft issues a fix</strong>.</p>
<p>For more information and usage guidelines, read <ahref="http://timkadlec.com/2013/01/windows-phone-8-and-device-width/">Windows Phone 8 and Device-Width</a>.</p>
<p>As of Safari v6.1 for OS X and Safari for iOS v7.0.1, Safari's rendering engine has some trouble with the number of decimal places used in our <code>.col-*-1</code> grid classes. So if you have 12 individual grid columns, you'll notice that they come up short compared to other rows of columns. We can't do much here (<ahref="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/9282">see #9282</a>) but you do have some options:</p>
<p>Support for <code>overflow: hidden</code> on the <code><body></code> element is quite limited in iOS and Android. To that end, when you scroll past the top or bottom of a modal in either of those devices' browsers, the <code><body></code> content will begin to scroll.</p>
<p>Also, note that if you're using inputs in your modal or navbar, iOS has a rendering bug that doesn't update the position of fixed elements when the virtual keyboard is triggered. A few workarounds for this include transforming your elements to <code>position: absolute</code> or invoking a timer on focus to try to correct the positioning manually. This is not handled by Bootstrap, so it is up to you to decide which solution is best for your application.</p>
<p>The <code>.dropdown-backdrop</code> element isn't used on iOS in the nav because of the complexity of z-indexing. Thus, to close dropdowns in navbars, you must directly click the dropdown element (or any other element which will fire a click event in iOS).</p>
<p>Page zooming inevitably presents rendering artifacts in some components, both in Bootstrap and the rest of the web. Depending on the issue, we may be able to fix it (search first and then open an issue if need be). However, we tend to ignore these as they often have no direct solution other than hacky workarounds.</p>
<p>Out of the box, Android 4.1 (and even some newer releases apparently) ship with the Browser app as the default web browser of choice (as opposed to Chrome). Unfortunately, the Browser app has lots of bugs and inconsistencies with CSS in general.</p>
<p>On <code><select></code> elements, the Android stock browser will not display the side controls if there is a <code>border-radius</code> and/or <code>border</code> applied. Use the snippet of code below to remove the offending CSS and render the <code><select></code> as an unstyled element on the Android stock broswer. The useragent sniffing avoids interference with Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla browsers.</p>
<pclass="lead">While we don't officially support any third party plugins or add-ons, we do offer some useful advice to help avoid potential issues in your projects.</p>
<p>Some third party software, including Google Maps and Google Custom Search Engine, conflict with Bootstrap due to <code>* { box-sizing: border-box; }</code>, a rule which makes it so <code>padding</code> does not affect the final computed width of an element. Learn more about <ahref="http://css-tricks.com/box-sizing/">box model and sizing at CSS Tricks</a>.</p>
<p>Depending on the context, you may override as-needed (Option 1) or reset the box-sizing for entire regions (Option 2).</p>
<pclass="lead">Bootstrap follows common web standards, and with minimal extra effort, can be used to create sites that are accessible to those using <abbrtitle="Assistive Technology"class="initialism">AT</abbr>.</p>
<p>If your navigation contains many links and comes before the main content in the DOM, add a <code>Skip to main content</code> link immediately after your opening <code><body></code> tag. <ahref="http://a11yproject.com/posts/skip-nav-links/">(read why)</a></p>
<p>When nesting headings (<code><h1></code> - <code><h6></code>), your primary document header should be an <code><h1></code>. Subsequent headings should make logical use of <code><h2></code> - <code><h6></code> such that screen readers can construct a table of contents for your pages.</p>
<p>Learn more at <ahref="http://squizlabs.github.io/HTML_CodeSniffer/Standards/Section508/">HTML CodeSniffer</a> and <ahref="http://accessibility.psu.edu/headings">Penn State's AccessAbility</a>.</p>
<pclass="lead">Bootstrap is released under the MIT license and is copyright {{ site.time | date: "%Y" }} Twitter. Boiled down to smaller chunks, it can be described with the following conditions.</p>
<li>Include the license and copyright notice in your works</li>
</ul>
<h4>It permits you to:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Freely download and use Bootstrap, in whole or in part, for personal, private, company internal, or commercial purposes</li>
<li>Use Bootstrap in packages or distributions that you create</li>
<li>Modify the source code</li>
<li>Grant a sublicense to modify and distribute Bootstrap to third parties not included in the lincense</li>
</ul>
<h4>It forbids you to:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Hold the authors and license owners liable for damanges as Bootstrap is provided without warranty</li>
<li>Hold the creators or copyright holders of Bootstrap liable</li>
<li>Redistribute any piece of Bootstrap without proper attribution</li>
<li>Use any marks owned by Twitter in any way that might state or imply that Twitter endorses your distribution</li>
<li>Use any marks owned by Twitter in any way that might state or imply that you created the Twitter software in question</li>
</ul>
<h4>It does not require you to:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Include the source of Bootstrap itself, or of any modifications you may have made to it, in any redistribution you may assemble that includes it</li>
<li>Submit changes that you make to Bootstrap back to the Bootstrap project (though such feedback is encouraged)</li>
<pclass="lead">Bootstrap is best maintained when you treat it as a separate and independently-versioned dependency in your development environment. Doing this makes upgrading Bootstrap easier in the future.</p>
<p>Once you've downloaded and included Bootstrap's styles and scripts, you can customize its components. Just create a new stylesheet (LESS, if you like, or just plain CSS) to house your customizations.</p>
<p>Unless you plan on reading the CSS, go with minified stylesheets. It's the same code, just compacted. Minified styles use less bandwidth, which is good, especially in production environments.</p>
<p>You can customize components to varying degrees, but most fall into two camps: <em>light customizations</em> and <em>overhauls</em>. Plenty examples of both are available from third parties.</p>
<p>We define <em>light customizations</em> as superficial changes, for example, color and font changes to existing Bootstrap components. A light customization example is the <ahref="http://translate.twitter.com">Twitter Translation Center</a> (coded by <ahref="https://twitter.com/mdo">@mdo</a>). Let's look at how to implement the custom button we wrote for this site, <code>.btn-ttc</code>.</p>
<p>The stock Bootstrap buttons require just one class, <code>.btn</code>, to start. Here we extend the <code>.btn</code> style with a new modifier class, <code>.btn-ttc</code>, that we will create. This gives us a distinct custom look with minimal effort.</p>
<li>Copy the component's selector and styles and paste them in your custom stylesheet. For instance, to customize the navbar background, just copy the <code>.navbar</code> style specification.</li>
<li>In your custom stylesheet, edit the CSS you just copied from the Bootstrap source. No need for prepending additional classes, or appending <code>!important</code> here. Keep it simple.</li>
<p>Once you are comfortable performing light customizations, visual overhauls are just as straightforward. For a site like <ahref="http://yourkarma.com">Karma</a>, which uses Bootstrap as a CSS reset with heavy modifications, more extensive work is involved. But the same principle applies: include Bootstrap's default stylesheet first, then apply your custom stylesheet.</p>
<p>While not recommended for folks new to Bootstrap, you may use one of two alternate methods for customization. The first is modifying the source <code>.less</code> files (making upgrades super difficult), and the second is mapping source LESS code to <ahref="http://ruby.bvision.com/blog/please-stop-embedding-bootstrap-classes-in-your-html">your own classes via mixins</a>. For the time being, neither of those options are documented here.</p>
<p>Not all sites and applications need to make use of everything Bootstrap has to offer, especially in production environments where optimizing bandwidth is an issue. We encourage you to remove whatever is unused with our <ahref="../customize/">Customizer</a>.</p>
<p>Using the Customizer, simply uncheck any component, feature, or asset you don't need. Hit download and swap out the default Bootstrap files with these newly customized ones. You'll get vanilla Bootstrap, but without the features *you* deem unnecessary. All custom builds include compiled and minified versions, so use whichever works for you.</p>
