491 lines
19 KiB
HTML
491 lines
19 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Bootstrap, from Twitter</title>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="description" content="">
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<meta name="author" content="">
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<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
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<!--[if lt IE 9]>
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<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
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<![endif]-->
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<!-- Le styles -->
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<link href="../bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<link href="assets/css/docs.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<link href="assets/js/google-code-prettify/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
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<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="assets/ico/favicon.ico">
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="assets/ico/bootstrap-apple-57x57.png">
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="assets/ico/bootstrap-apple-72x72.png">
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="assets/ico/bootstrap-apple-114x114.png">
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- Navbar
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================================================== -->
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<div class="navbar navbar-fixed">
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<div class="navbar-inner">
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<div class="container">
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<a class="brand" href="./index.html">Bootstrap</a>
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<ul class="nav">
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<li><a href="./index.html">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="./scaffolding.html">Scaffolding</a></li>
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<li><a href="./base-css.html">Base CSS</a></li>
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<li><a href="./components.html">Components</a></li>
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<li><a href="./javascript.html">Javascript plugins</a></li>
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<li class="active"><a href="./less.html">Using LESS</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="container">
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<!-- Masthead
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================================================== -->
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<header class="jumbotron subhead" id="overview">
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<h1>Using LESS with Bootstrap</h1>
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<p class="lead">Customize and extend Bootstrap with <a href="http://lesscss.org" target="_blank">LESS</a>, a CSS preprocessor, to take advantage of the variables, mixins, and more used to build Bootstrap's CSS.</p>
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</header>
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<!-- BUILT WITH LESS
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================================================== -->
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<div class="page-header">
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<h1>Built with LESS</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="span4">
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<h3>Why LESS?</h3>
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<p>Bootstrap is made with LESS at it's core, a dynamic stylesheet language created by <a href="http://cloudhead.io">Alexis Sellier</a>. It makes developing systems-based CSS faster, easier, and more fun.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="span4">
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<h3>What's included?</h3>
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<p>As an extension of CSS, LESS includes variables, mixins for reusable snippets of code, operations for simple math, nesting, and even color functions.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="span4">
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<h3>Learn more</h3>
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<img style="float: right; height: 36px;" src="assets/img/less-logo-large.png" alt="LESS CSS">
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<p>Visit the official website at <a href="http://lesscss.org">http://lesscss.org</a> to learn more.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="span4">
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<h3>Variables</h3>
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<p>Managing colors and pixel values in CSS can be a bit of a pain, usually full of copy and paste. Not with LESS though—assign colors or pixel values as variables and change them once.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="span4">
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<h3>Mixins</h3>
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<p>Those three border-radius declarations you need to make in regular ol' CSS? Now they're down to one line with the help of mixins, snippets of code you can reuse anywhere.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="span4">
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<h3>Operations</h3>
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<p>Make your grid, leading, and more super flexible by doing the math on the fly with operations. Multiple, divide, add, and subtract your way to CSS sanity.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- VARIABLES
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================================================== -->
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<div class="page-header" id="variables">
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<h1>Variables <small>from variables.less</small></h1>
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</div>
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<h3>Hyperlinks</h3>
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<table class="bordered-table striped-table">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Variable</th>
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<th>Value</th>
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<th>Usage</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@linkColor</code></td>
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<td>#0069d6</td>
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<td>Default link text color</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@linkColorHover</code></td>
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<td><code>darken(@linkColor, 15)</code></td>
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<td>Default link text hover color</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="span6">
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<h3>Grayscale colors</h3>
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<table class="bordered-table striped-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@black</code></td>
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<td>#000</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@grayDark</code></td>
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<td><code>lighten(@black, 25%)</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@gray</code></td>
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<td><code>lighten(@black, 50%)</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@grayLight</code></td>
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<td><code>lighten(@black, 75%)</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@grayLighter</code></td>
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<td><code>lighten(@black, 90%)</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@white</code></td>
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<td>#fff</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="span6">
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<h3>Accent colors</h3>
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<table class="bordered-table striped-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@blue</code></td>
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<td>#049CDB</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@green</code></td>
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<td>#46a546</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@red</code></td>
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<td>#9d261d</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@yellow</code></td>
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<td>#ffc40d</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@orange</code></td>
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<td>#f89406</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@pink</code></td>
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<td>#c3325f</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@purple</code></td>
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<td>#7a43b6</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="span6">
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<h3>Grid system</h3>
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<table class="bordered-table striped-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@gridColumns</code></td>
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<td>12</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@gridColumnWidth</code></td>
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<td>60px</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@gridGutterWidth</code></td>
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<td>20px</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@siteWidth</code></td>
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<td><code>(@gridColumns * @gridColumnWidth) + (@gridGutterWidth * (@gridColumns - 1))</code></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="span6">
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<h3>Typography</h3>
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<table class="bordered-table striped-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@baseFontSize</code></td>
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<td>13px</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@baseFontFamily</code></td>
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<td><code>"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@baseLineHeight</code></td>
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<td>18px</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="span3">
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<h3>Visuals</h3>
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</div>
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<div class="span9">
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<table class="bordered-table striped-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@primaryButtonColor</code></td>
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<td><code>@blue</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- MIXINS
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================================================== -->
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<div class="page-header" id="mixins">
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<h1>Mixins <small>from mixins.less</small></h1>
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</div>
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<!-- OPERATIONS
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================================================== -->
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<div class="page-header" id="operations">
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<h1>Operations</h1>
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</div>
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<!-- COMPILING LESS AND BOOTSTRAP
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================================================== -->
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<div class="page-header" id="compiling">
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<h1>Compiling LESS and Bootstrap</h1>
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</div>
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<!-- Using Bootstrap w/ Less
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================================================== -->
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<section id="less">
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<div class="page-header">
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<h1>Using Bootstrap with Less <small>Supercharge your CSS with variables, mixins, and functions</small></h1>
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="span3">
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<p>Bootstrap was built with <a href="http://markdotto.com/bootstrap/">Preboot</a>, an open-source pack of mixins and variables to be used in conjunction with <a href="http://lesscss.org" target="_blank">Less</a>, a CSS preprocessor for faster and easier web development.</p>
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<p>Check out how we used Preboot in Bootstrap and how you can make use of it should you choose to run Less on your next project.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="span9">
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<h2>How to use it</h2>
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<p>Use this option to make full use of Bootstrap’s Less variables, mixins, and nesting in CSS via javascript in your browser.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
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<link rel="stylesheet/less" href="less/bootstrap.less" media="all" />
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<script src="js/less-1.1.3.min.js"></script></pre>
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<p>Not feeling the .js solution? <a href="http://incident57.com/less" target="_blank">Try the Less Mac app</a> or <a href="http://lesscss.org/#-client-side-usage" target="_blank">use Node.js</a> to compile when you deploy your code.</p>
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<h2>What’s included</h2>
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<p>Here are some of the highlights of what’s included in Twitter Bootstrap as part of Bootstrap. Head over to the Bootstrap website or Github project page to download and learn more.</p>
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<h3>Variables</h3>
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<p>Variables in Less are perfect for maintaining and updating your CSS headache free. When you want to change a color value or a frequently used value, update it in one spot and you’re set.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
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// Links
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@linkColor: #8b59c2;
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@linkColorHover: darken(@linkColor, 10);
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// Grays
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@black: #000;
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@grayDark: lighten(@black, 25%);
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@gray: lighten(@black, 50%);
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@grayLight: lighten(@black, 70%);
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@grayLighter: lighten(@black, 90%);
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@white: #fff;
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// Accent Colors
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@blue: #08b5fb;
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@green: #46a546;
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@red: #9d261d;
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@yellow: #ffc40d;
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@orange: #f89406;
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@pink: #c3325f;
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@purple: #7a43b6;
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// Baseline grid
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@basefont: 13px;
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@baseline: 18px;
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</pre>
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<h3>Commenting</h3>
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<p>Less also provides another style of commenting in addition to CSS’s normal <code>/* ... */</code> syntax.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
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// This is a comment
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/* This is also a comment */
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</pre>
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<h3>Mixins up the wazoo</h3>
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<p>Mixins are basically includes or partials for CSS, allowing you to combine a block of code into one. They’re great for vendor prefixed properties like <code>box-shadow</code>, cross-browser gradients, font stacks, and more. Below is a sample of the mixins that are included with Bootstrap.</p>
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<h4>Font stacks</h4>
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<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
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#font {
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.shorthand(@weight: normal, @size: 14px, @lineHeight: 20px) {
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font-size: @size;
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font-weight: @weight;
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line-height: @lineHeight;
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}
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.sans-serif(@weight: normal, @size: 14px, @lineHeight: 20px) {
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font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
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font-size: @size;
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font-weight: @weight;
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line-height: @lineHeight;
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}
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...
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}
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</pre>
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<h4>Gradients</h4>
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<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
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#gradient {
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...
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.vertical (@startColor: #555, @endColor: #333) {
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background-color: @endColor;
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background-repeat: repeat-x;
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background-image: -khtml-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(@startColor), to(@endColor)); // Konqueror
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background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // FF 3.6+
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background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // IE10
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background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, @startColor), color-stop(100%, @endColor)); // Safari 4+, Chrome 2+
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background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // Safari 5.1+, Chrome 10+
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background-image: -o-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // Opera 11.10
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background-image: linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // The standard
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}
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...
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}
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</pre>
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<h3>Operations</h3>
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<p>Get fancy and perform some math to generate flexible and powerful mixins like the one below.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
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// Griditude
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@gridColumns: 16;
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@gridColumnWidth: 40px;
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@gridGutterWidth: 20px;
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@siteWidth: (@gridColumns * @gridColumnWidth) + (@gridGutterWidth * (@gridColumns - 1));
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// Make some columns
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.columns(@columnSpan: 1) {
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width: (@gridColumnWidth * @columnSpan) + (@gridGutterWidth * (@columnSpan - 1));
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}
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</pre>
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<h2 id="compiling">Compiling Less</h2>
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<p>After modifying the <code>.less</code> files in /lib/, you'll need to recompile them in order to regenerate the bootstrap-*.*.*.css and bootstrap-*.*.*.min.css files. If you're submitting a pull request to GitHub, you must always recompile.</p>
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<h3>Ways to compile</h3>
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<table class="bordered-table striped-table">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th style="width: 120px;">Method</th>
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<th>Steps</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>Node with makefile</td>
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<td>
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<p>Install the less command line compiler with npm by running the following command:</p>
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<pre>$ npm install lessc</pre>
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<p>Once installed just run <code>make</code> from the root of your bootstrap directory and you're all set.</p>
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<p>Additionally, if you have <a href="https://github.com/mynyml/watchr">watchr</a> installed, you may run <code>make watch</code> to have bootstrap automatically rebuilt every time you edit a file in the bootstrap lib (this isn't required, just a convenience method).</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<td>Javascript</td>
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<td>
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<p><a href="http://lesscss.org/">Download the latest Less.js</a> and include the path to it (and Bootstrap) in the <code><head></code>.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint">
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<link rel="stylesheet/less" href="/path/to/bootstrap.less">
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<script src="/path/to/less.js"></script>
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</pre>
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<p>To recompile the .less files, just save them and reload your page. Less.js compiles them and stores them in local storage.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Command line</td>
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<td>
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<p>If you already have the less command line tool installed, simply run the following command:</p>
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<pre>$ lessc ./lib/bootstrap.less > bootstrap.css</pre>
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<p>Be sure to include <code>--compress</code> in that command if you're trying to save some bytes!</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="http://incident57.com/less/" target="_blank">Unofficial Mac app</a></td>
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<td>
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<p><a href="http://incident57.com/less/">The unofficial Mac app</a> watches directories of .less files and compiles the code to local files after every save of a watched .less file.</p>
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<p>If you like, you can toggle preferences in the app for automatic minifying and which directory the compiled files end up in.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="http://crunchapp.net/" target="_blank">Crunch</a></td>
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<td>Crunch is a great looking LESS editor and compiler built on Adobe Air.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="http://incident57.com/codekit/" target="_blank">CodeKit</a></td>
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<td>Created by the same guy as the unofficial Mac app, CodeKit is a Mac app that compiles LESS, SASS, Stylus, and CoffeeScript.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="http://wearekiss.com/simpless" target="_blank">Simpless</a></td>
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<td>Mac, Linux, and PC app for drag and drop compiling of LESS files. Plus, the <a href="https://github.com/Paratron/SimpLESS" target="_blank">source code is on GitHub</a>.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- Footer
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================================================== -->
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<footer class="footer">
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<p class="pull-right"><a href="#">Back to top</a></p>
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<p>Designed and built with all the love in the world <a href="http://twitter.com/twitter" target="_blank">@twitter</a> by <a href="http://twitter.com/mdo" target="_blank">@mdo</a> and <a href="http://twitter.com/fat" target="_blank">@fat</a>.</p>
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<p>Code licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" target="_blank">Apache License v2.0</a>. Documentation licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">CC BY 3.0</a>.</p>
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