From 33e59feaf42745de6e246007bd5b0d0005004e00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Binary Craft <elliot.huang.signed@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2023 09:55:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Zig kernel example

---
 mykernel/README.md            |   2 +-
 mykernel/zig/Makefile         |  36 ++++++++
 mykernel/zig/build.zig        |  18 ++++
 mykernel/zig/src/bootboot.zig | 123 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mykernel/zig/src/font.psf     | Bin 0 -> 2080 bytes
 mykernel/zig/src/link.ld      |  57 +++++++++++++
 mykernel/zig/src/main.zig     | 149 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 384 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 mykernel/zig/Makefile
 create mode 100644 mykernel/zig/build.zig
 create mode 100644 mykernel/zig/src/bootboot.zig
 create mode 100644 mykernel/zig/src/font.psf
 create mode 100644 mykernel/zig/src/link.ld
 create mode 100644 mykernel/zig/src/main.zig

diff --git a/mykernel/README.md b/mykernel/README.md
index 14bec04..186ea35 100644
--- a/mykernel/README.md
+++ b/mykernel/README.md
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ Compilation
 -----------
 
 In the language's directory, just run `make`. You'll need `gcc`, `g++`, `gnat` (GNU Ada), `fpc` (FreePascal
-Compiler), `cargo` + `rust`, and `gccgo` (GNU go-lang compiler, NOT the official go-lang compiler!).
+Compiler), `cargo` + `rust` + `gccgo` (GNU go-lang compiler, NOT the official go-lang compiler!), and `zig`.
diff --git a/mykernel/zig/Makefile b/mykernel/zig/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..658d272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mykernel/zig/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#
+# mykernel/zig/Makefile
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2022 binarycraft
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+# files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+# restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+# modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+# of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+# This file is part of the BOOTBOOT Protocol package.
+# @brief An example Makefile for sample kernel
+#
+#
+
+all: mykernel.x86_64.elf
+
+# Kernel build
+mykernel.x86_64.elf: src/**
+	zig build -Drelease-fast
+	cp ./zig-out/bin/mykernel.x86_64.elf mykernel.x86_64.elf
diff --git a/mykernel/zig/build.zig b/mykernel/zig/build.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db615e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mykernel/zig/build.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn build(b: *std.build.Builder) void {
+    var target = std.zig.CrossTarget{
+        .os_tag = .freestanding,
+        .cpu_arch = .x86_64,
+        .abi = .none,
+    };
+
+    const mode = b.standardReleaseOptions();
+    const kernel = b.addExecutable("mykernel.x86_64.elf", "src/main.zig");
+    kernel.setLinkerScriptPath(.{ .path = "src/link.ld" });
+    kernel.code_model = .kernel;
+    kernel.setTarget(target);
+    kernel.setBuildMode(mode);
+    kernel.install();
+    kernel.strip = true;
+}
diff --git a/mykernel/zig/src/bootboot.zig b/mykernel/zig/src/bootboot.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0cb4ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mykernel/zig/src/bootboot.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+pub const BOOTBOOT_MAGIC = "BOOT";
+
+// default virtual addresses for level 0 and 1 static loaders
+pub const BOOTBOOT_MMIO = 0xfffffffff8000000; // memory mapped IO virtual address
+pub const BOOTBOOT_FB = 0xfffffffffc000000; // frame buffer virtual address
+pub const BOOTBOOT_INFO = 0xffffffffffe00000; // bootboot struct virtual address
+pub const BOOTBOOT_ENV = 0xffffffffffe01000; // environment string virtual address
+pub const BOOTBOOT_CORE = 0xffffffffffe02000; // core loadable segment start
+
+// minimum protocol level:
+// hardcoded kernel name, static kernel memory addresses
+pub const PROTOCOL_MINIMAL = 0;
+// static protocol level:
+// kernel name parsed from environment, static kernel memory addresses
+pub const PROTOCOL_STATIC = 1;
+// dynamic protocol level:
+// kernel name parsed, kernel memory addresses from ELF or PE symbols
+pub const PROTOCOL_DYNAMIC = 2;
+// big-endian flag
+pub const PROTOCOL_BIGENDIAN = 0x80;
+
+// loader types, just informational
+pub const LOADER_BIOS = 0 << 2;
+pub const LOADER_UEFI = 1 << 2;
+pub const LOADER_RPI = 2 << 2;
+pub const LOADER_COREBOOT = 3 << 2;
+
+// framebuffer pixel format, only 32 bits supported
+pub const FramebufferFormat = enum(u8) {
+    ARGB = 0,
+    RGBA = 1,
+    ABGR = 2,
+    BGRA = 3,
+};
+
+// mmap entry, type is stored in least significant tetrad (half byte) of size
+// this means size described in 16 byte units (not a problem, most modern
+// firmware report memory in pages, 4096 byte units anyway).
+pub const MMapEnt = extern struct {
+    ptr: u64 align(1),
+    size: u64 align(1),
+
+    const Self = @This();
+
+    pub inline fn getPtr(self: *Self) u64 {
+        return self.ptr;
+    }
+
+    pub inline fn getSizeInBytes(self: *Self) u64 {
+        return self.size & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0;
+    }
+
+    pub inline fn getSizeIn4KiBPages(self: *Self) u64 {
+        return self.getSizeInBytes() / 4096;
+    }
+
+    pub inline fn getType(self: *Self) MMapType {
+        return @intToEnum(MMapType, @truncate(u4, self.size));
+    }
+
+    pub inline fn isFree(self: *Self) bool {
+        return (self.size & 0xF) == 1;
+    }
+};
+
+pub const MMapType = enum(u4) {
+    /// don't use. Reserved or unknown regions
+    MMAP_USED = 0,
+
+    /// usable memory
+    MMAP_FREE = 1,
+
+    /// acpi memory, volatile and non-volatile as well
+    MMAP_ACPI = 2,
+
+    /// memory mapped IO region
+    MMAP_MMIO = 3,
+};
+
+pub const INITRD_MAXSIZE = 16; // Mb
+
+pub const BOOTBOOT = extern struct {
+    magic: [4]u8 align(1),
+    size: u32 align(1),
+    protocol: u8 align(1),
+    fb_type: u8 align(1),
+    numcores: u16 align(1),
+    bspid: u16 align(1),
+    timezone: i16 align(1),
+    datetime: [8]u8 align(1),
+    initrd_ptr: u64 align(1),
+    initrd_size: u64 align(1),
+    fb_ptr: u64 align(1),
+    fb_size: u32 align(1),
+    fb_width: u32 align(1),
+    fb_height: u32 align(1),
+    fb_scanline: u32 align(1),
+
+    arch: extern union {
+        x86_64: extern struct {
+            acpi_ptr: u64,
+            smbi_ptr: u64,
+            efi_ptr: u64,
+            mp_ptr: u64,
+            unused0: u64,
+            unused1: u64,
+            unused2: u64,
+            unused3: u64,
+        },
+        aarch64: extern struct {
+            acpi_ptr: u64,
+            mmio_ptr: u64,
+            efi_ptr: u64,
+            unused0: u64,
+            unused1: u64,
+            unused2: u64,
+            unused3: u64,
+            unused4: u64,
+        },
+    } align(1),
+
+    mmap: MMapEnt align(1),
+};
diff --git a/mykernel/zig/src/font.psf b/mykernel/zig/src/font.psf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e67693f59d769c6453826ed9012a09818a9b9af
GIT binary patch
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diff --git a/mykernel/zig/src/link.ld b/mykernel/zig/src/link.ld
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccc4c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mykernel/zig/src/link.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * mykernel/c/link.ld
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 - 2021 bzt (bztsrc@gitlab)
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+ * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+ * modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+ * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * This file is part of the BOOTBOOT Protocol package.
+ * @brief An example linker script for sample kernel
+ *
+ */
+
+ENTRY(_start)
+
+mmio        = 0xfffffffff8000000;              /* these are configurable for level 2 loaders */
+fb          = 0xfffffffffc000000;
+bootboot    = 0xffffffffffe00000;
+environment = 0xffffffffffe01000;
+/* initstack = 1024; */
+PHDRS
+{
+  boot PT_LOAD;                                /* one single loadable segment */
+}
+SECTIONS
+{
+    . = 0xffffffffffe02000;
+    .text : {
+        KEEP(*(.text.boot)) *(.text .text.*)   /* code */
+        *(.rodata .rodata.*)                   /* data */
+        *(.data .data.*)
+    } :boot
+    .bss (NOLOAD) : {                          /* bss */
+        . = ALIGN(16);
+        *(.bss .bss.*)
+        *(COMMON)
+    } :boot
+
+    /DISCARD/ : { *(.eh_frame) *(.comment) }
+}
diff --git a/mykernel/zig/src/main.zig b/mykernel/zig/src/main.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8186413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mykernel/zig/src/main.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/// mykernel/zig/src/main.zig
+///
+/// Copyright (C) 2022 binarycraft
+///
+/// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+/// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+/// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+/// restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+/// modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+/// of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+/// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+///
+/// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+/// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+///
+/// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+/// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+/// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+/// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+/// HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+/// WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+/// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+/// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+///
+/// This file is part of the BOOTBOOT Protocol package.
+/// @brief A sample BOOTBOOT compatible kernel
+const std = @import("std");
+const BOOTBOOT = @import("bootboot.zig").BOOTBOOT;
+
+const fontEmbedded = @embedFile("font.psf");
+
+// imported virtual addresses, see linker script
+extern var bootboot: BOOTBOOT; // see bootboot.zig
+extern var environment: [4096]u8; // configuration, UTF-8 text key=value pairs
+extern var fb: u8; // linear framebuffer mapped
+
+// Display text on screen
+const PsfFont = packed struct {
+    magic: u32, // magic bytes to identify PSF
+    version: u32, // zero
+    headersize: u32, // offset of bitmaps in file, 32
+    flags: u32, // 0 if there's no unicode table
+    numglyph: u32, // number of glyphs
+    bytesperglyph: u32, // size of each glyph
+    height: u32, // height in pixels
+    width: u32, // width in pixels
+};
+
+// function to display a string
+pub fn puts(string: []const u8) void {
+    const font = @bitCast(PsfFont, fontEmbedded[0..@sizeOf(PsfFont)].*);
+    var bytesperline = (font.width + 7) / 8;
+    var framebuffer = @intToPtr([*]u32, @ptrToInt(&fb));
+    for (string) |char, i| {
+        var offs = i * (font.width + 1) * 4;
+        var idx = if (char > 0 and char < font.numglyph) blk: {
+            break :blk font.headersize + (char * font.bytesperglyph);
+        } else blk: {
+            break :blk font.headersize + (0 * font.bytesperglyph);
+        };
+
+        {
+            var y: usize = 0;
+            while (y < font.height) : (y += 1) {
+                var line = offs;
+                var mask = @as(u32, 1) << @intCast(u5, font.width - 1);
+
+                {
+                    var x: usize = 0;
+                    while (x < font.width) : (x += 1) {
+                        if ((fontEmbedded[idx] & mask) == 0) {
+                            framebuffer[line / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0x000000;
+                        } else {
+                            framebuffer[line / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0xFFFFFF;
+                        }
+                        mask >>= 1;
+                        line += 4;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                framebuffer[line / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0;
+                idx += bytesperline;
+                offs += bootboot.fb_scanline;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Entry point, called by BOOTBOOT Loader
+export fn _start() callconv(.Naked) noreturn {
+    // NOTE: this code runs on all cores in parallel
+    var s = bootboot.fb_scanline;
+    var w = bootboot.fb_width;
+    var h = bootboot.fb_height;
+    var framebuffer = @intToPtr([*]u32, @ptrToInt(&fb));
+
+    if (s > 0) {
+        // cross-hair to see screen dimension detected correctly
+        {
+            var y: usize = 0;
+            while (y < h) : (y += 1) {
+                framebuffer[(s * y + w * 2) / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0x00FFFFFF;
+            }
+        }
+
+        {
+            var x: usize = 0;
+            while (x < w) : (x += 1) {
+                framebuffer[(s * (h / 2) + x * 4) / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0x00FFFFFF;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // red, green, blue boxes in order
+        {
+            var y: usize = 0;
+            while (y < 20) : (y += 1) {
+                var x: usize = 0;
+                while (x < 20) : (x += 1) {
+                    framebuffer[(s * (y + 20) + (x + 20) * 4) / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0x00FF0000;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        {
+            var y: usize = 0;
+            while (y < 20) : (y += 1) {
+                var x: usize = 0;
+                while (x < 20) : (x += 1) {
+                    framebuffer[(s * (y + 20) + (x + 50) * 4) / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0x0000FF00;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        {
+            var y: usize = 0;
+            while (y < 20) : (y += 1) {
+                var x: usize = 0;
+                while (x < 20) : (x += 1) {
+                    framebuffer[(s * (y + 20) + (x + 80) * 4) / @sizeOf(u32)] = 0x000000FF;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // say hello
+        puts("Hello from a simple BOOTBOOT kernel");
+    }
+    // hang for now
+    while (true) {}
+}

From d6845611e003a5b6324a0b0c4e3a2b011cf4bbe8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Binary Craft <elliot.huang.signed@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2023 10:05:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] fixed readme formating

---
 mykernel/README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mykernel/README.md b/mykernel/README.md
index 186ea35..286bebf 100644
--- a/mykernel/README.md
+++ b/mykernel/README.md
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ Compilation
 -----------
 
 In the language's directory, just run `make`. You'll need `gcc`, `g++`, `gnat` (GNU Ada), `fpc` (FreePascal
-Compiler), `cargo` + `rust` + `gccgo` (GNU go-lang compiler, NOT the official go-lang compiler!), and `zig`.
+Compiler), `cargo` + `rust`, `gccgo` (GNU go-lang compiler, NOT the official go-lang compiler!), and `zig`.