gitlab-org--gitlab-foss/doc/development/gotchas.md

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# Gotchas
The purpose of this guide is to document potential "gotchas" that contributors
might encounter or should avoid during development of GitLab CE and EE.
## Do not assert against the absolute value of a sequence-generated attribute
Consider the following factory:
```ruby
FactoryBot.define do
factory :label do
sequence(:title) { |n| "label#{n}" }
end
end
```
Consider the following API spec:
```ruby
require 'spec_helper'
describe API::Labels do
it 'creates a first label' do
create(:label)
get api("/projects/#{project.id}/labels", user)
expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
expect(json_response.first['name']).to eq('label1')
end
it 'creates a second label' do
create(:label)
get api("/projects/#{project.id}/labels", user)
expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
expect(json_response.first['name']).to eq('label1')
end
end
```
When run, this spec doesn't do what we might expect:
```sh
1) API::API reproduce sequence issue creates a second label
Failure/Error: expect(json_response.first['name']).to eq('label1')
expected: "label1"
got: "label2"
(compared using ==)
```
This is because FactoryBot sequences are not reset for each example.
Please remember that sequence-generated values exist only to avoid having to
explicitly set attributes that have a uniqueness constraint when using a factory.
### Solution
If you assert against a sequence-generated attribute's value, you should set it
explicitly. Also, the value you set shouldn't match the sequence pattern.
For instance, using our `:label` factory, writing `create(:label, title: 'foo')`
is ok, but `create(:label, title: 'label1')` is not.
Following is the fixed API spec:
```ruby
require 'spec_helper'
describe API::Labels do
it 'creates a first label' do
create(:label, title: 'foo')
get api("/projects/#{project.id}/labels", user)
expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
expect(json_response.first['name']).to eq('foo')
end
it 'creates a second label' do
create(:label, title: 'bar')
get api("/projects/#{project.id}/labels", user)
expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
expect(json_response.first['name']).to eq('bar')
end
end
```
## Avoid using `expect_any_instance_of` or `allow_any_instance_of` in RSpec
### Why
- Because it is not isolated therefore it might be broken at times.
- Because it doesn't work whenever the method we want to stub was defined
in a prepended module, which is very likely the case in EE. We could see
error like this:
```
1.1) Failure/Error: expect_any_instance_of(ApplicationSetting).to receive_messages(messages)
Using `any_instance` to stub a method (elasticsearch_indexing) that has been defined on a prepended module (EE::ApplicationSetting) is not supported.
```
### Alternative: `expect_next_instance_of` or `allow_next_instance_of`
Instead of writing:
```ruby
# Don't do this:
expect_any_instance_of(Project).to receive(:add_import_job)
# Don't do this:
allow_any_instance_of(Project).to receive(:add_import_job)
```
We could write:
```ruby
# Do this:
expect_next_instance_of(Project) do |project|
expect(project).to receive(:add_import_job)
end
# Do this:
allow_next_instance_of(Project) do |project|
allow(project).to receive(:add_import_job)
end
```
If we also want to initialize the instance with some particular arguments, we
could also pass it like:
```ruby
# Do this:
expect_next_instance_of(MergeRequests::RefreshService, project, user) do |refresh_service|
expect(refresh_service).to receive(:execute).with(oldrev, newrev, ref)
end
```
This would expect the following:
```ruby
# Above expects:
refresh_service = MergeRequests::RefreshService.new(project, user)
refresh_service.execute(oldrev, newrev, ref)
```
## Do not `rescue Exception`
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See ["Why is it bad style to `rescue Exception => e` in Ruby?"](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10048173/why-is-it-bad-style-to-rescue-exception-e-in-ruby).
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_**Note:** This rule is [enforced automatically by
Rubocop](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/blob/8-4-stable/.rubocop.yml#L911-914)._
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## Do not use inline JavaScript in views
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Using the inline `:javascript` Haml filters comes with a
performance overhead. Using inline JavaScript is not a good way to structure your code and should be avoided.
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_**Note:** We've [removed these two filters](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/config/initializers/hamlit.rb)
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in an initializer._
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### Further reading
- Stack Overflow: [Why you should not write inline JavaScript](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/86589/why-should-i-avoid-inline-scripting)
## Auto loading
Rails auto-loading on `development` differs from the load policy in the `production` environment.
In development mode, `config.eager_load` is set to `false`, which means classes
are loaded as needed. With the classic Rails autoloader, it is known that this can lead to
[Rails resolving the wrong class](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/v5.2/autoloading_and_reloading_constants.html#when-constants-aren-t-missed-relative-references)
if the class name is ambiguous. This can be fixed by specifying the complete namespace to the class.
### Error prone example
```ruby
# app/controllers/application_controller.rb
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
...
end
# app/controllers/projects/application_controller.rb
class Projects::ApplicationController < ApplicationController
...
private
def project
...
end
end
# app/controllers/projects/submodule/some_controller.rb
module Projects
module Submodule
class SomeController < ApplicationController
def index
@some_id = project.id
end
end
end
end
```
In this case, if for any reason the top level `ApplicationController`
is loaded but `Projects::ApplicationController` is not, `ApplicationController`
would be resolved to `::ApplicationController` and then the `project` method will
be undefined and we will get an error.
#### Solution
```ruby
# app/controllers/projects/submodule/some_controller.rb
module Projects
module Submodule
class SomeController < Projects::ApplicationController
def index
@some_id = project.id
end
end
end
end
```
By specifying `Projects::`, we tell Rails exactly what class we are referring
to and we would avoid the issue.
NOTE: **Note:**
This problem will disappear as soon as we upgrade to Rails 6 and use the Zeitwerk autoloader.
### Further reading
- Rails Guides: [Autoloading and Reloading Constants (Classic Mode)](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/autoloading_and_reloading_constants_classic_mode.html)
- Ruby Constant lookup: [Everything you ever wanted to know about constant lookup in Ruby](http://cirw.in/blog/constant-lookup)
- Rails 6 and Zeitwerk autoloader: [Understanding Zeitwerk in Rails 6](https://medium.com/cedarcode/understanding-zeitwerk-in-rails-6-f168a9f09a1f)