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Below you can find some basic information on why GitLab provides packages and
a Docker image that come with bundled dependencies.
These methods are great for physical and virtual machine installations, and simple Docker installations.
## Goals
We have a few core goals with these packages:
1. Extremely easy to install, upgrade, maintain.
1. Support for a wide variety of operating systems
1. Wide support of cloud service providers
## Omnibus GitLab Architecture
GitLab in its core is a Ruby on Rails project. However, GitLab as a whole
application is more complex and has multiple components. If these components are
not present or are incorrectly configured, GitLab will not work or it will work
unpredictably.
The [GitLab Architecture Overview](../../development/architecture.md#gitlab-architecture-overview) shows some of these components and how they
interact. Each of these components needs to be configured and kept up to date.
Most of the components also have external dependencies. For example, the Rails
application depends on a number of [Ruby gems](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/blob/master/Gemfile.lock). Some of these dependencies also
have their own external dependencies which need to be present on the Operating
System in order for them to function correctly.
Furthermore, GitLab has a monthly release cycle requiring frequent maintenance
to stay up to date.
All the things listed above present a challenge for the user maintaining the GitLab
installation.
## External Software Dependencies
For applications such as GitLab, external dependencies usually bring the following
challenges:
- Keeping versions in sync between direct and indirect dependencies
- Availability of a version on a specific Operating System
- Version changes can introduce or remove previously used configuration
- Security implications when library is marked as vulnerable but does not have
a new version released yet
Keep in mind that if a dependency exists on your Operating System, it does not
necessarily exist on other supported OSs.
## Benefits
A few benefits of a package with bundled dependencies:
1. Minimal effort required to install GitLab.
1. Minimum configuration required to get GitLab up and running.
1. Minimum effort required to upgrade between GitLab versions.
1. Multiple platforms supported.
1. Maintenance on older platforms is greatly simplified.
1. Less effort to support potential issues.
## Drawbacks
Some drawbacks of a package with bundled dependencies:
1. Duplication with possibly existing software.
1. Less flexibility in configuration.
## Why would I install an omnibus package when I can use a system package?
The answer can be simplified to: less maintenance required. Instead of handling
multiple packages that *can* break existing functionality if the versions are
not compatible, only handle one.
Multiple packages require correct configuration in multiple locations.
Keeping configuration in sync can be error prone.
If you have the skill set to maintain all current dependencies and enough time
to handle any future dependencies that might get introduced, the above listed
reasons might not be good enough for you to not use the omnibus package.
There are two things to keep in mind before going down this route:
1. Getting support for any problems
you encounter might be more difficult due to the number of possibilities that exist
when using a library version that is not tested by majority of users.
1. Omnibus package also allows shutting off of any services that you do not need,
if you need to run a component independently. For example, you can use a
[non-bundled PostgreSQL database](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#using-a-non-packaged-postgresql-database-management-server) with the omnibus package.
Keep in mind that a non-standard solution like the omnibus package
might be a better fit when the application has a number of moving parts.
## Docker image with multiple services
[GitLab Docker image](../../install/docker.md#gitlab-docker-images) is based on the omnibus package.
Considering that container spawned from this image contains multiple processes,
these types of containers are also referred to as 'fat containers'.
There are reasons for and against an image like this, but they are similar to
what was noted above:
1. Very simple to get started.
1. Upgrading to the latest version is extremely simple.
1. Running separate services in multiple containers and keeping them running
can be more complex and might not be required for a given install.
This method is useful for organizations just getting started with containers and schedulers, and may not be ready for a more complex installation. This method is a great introduction, and will work well for smaller organizations.
