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doc/user/project/clusters/eks_and_gitlab/index.md
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# Connecting and deploying to an Amazon EKS cluster
In this tutorial, we will show how to integrate an
[Amazon EKS](https://aws.amazon.com/eks/) cluster with GitLab and begin
deploying applications.
## Introduction
In this tutorial, we will show how to integrate an [Amazon EKS](https://aws.amazon.com/eks/) cluster with GitLab, and begin deploying applications.
For an end-to-end walkthrough we will:
1. Start with a new project based on the sample Ruby on Rails template
1. Integrate an EKS cluster
1. Utilize [Auto DevOps](../../../../topics/autodevops/) to build, test, and deploy our application
1. Start with a new project based on the sample Ruby on Rails template.
1. Integrate an EKS cluster.
1. Utilize [Auto DevOps](../../../../topics/autodevops/) to build, test, and deploy our application.
You will need:
1. An account on GitLab, like [GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com)
1. An Amazon EKS cluster (with worker nodes properly configured)
1. `kubectl` [installed and configured for access to the EKS cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started.html#get-started-kubectl)
1. An account on GitLab, like [GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com).
1. An Amazon EKS cluster (with worker nodes properly configured).
1. `kubectl` [installed and configured for access to the EKS cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started.html#get-started-kubectl).
If you don't have an Amazon EKS cluster, one can be created by following [the EKS getting started guide](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started.html).
If you don't have an Amazon EKS cluster, one can be created by following the
[EKS getting started guide](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started.html).
## Creating a new project
On GitLab, create a new project by clicking on the `+` icon in the top navigation bar, and selecting `New project`.
On GitLab, create a new project by clicking on the `+` icon in the top navigation
bar and selecting **New project**.
![New Project](img/new_project.png)
On the new project screen, click on the **Create from template** tab, and select
"Use template" for the Ruby on Rails sample project.
On the new project screen, click on the `Create from template` tab, and select `Use template` for the Ruby on Rails sample project.
Give the project a name, and then select `Create project`.
Give the project a name, and then select **Create project**.
![Create Project](img/create_project.png)
## Configuring and connecting the EKS cluster
From the left side bar, hover over `Operations` and select `Kubernetes`, then click on `Add Kubernetes cluster`, and finally `Add an existing Kubernetes cluster`.
From the left side bar, hover over **Operations > Kubernetes > Add Kubernetes cluster**,
then click **Add an existing Kubernetes cluster**.
A few details from the EKS cluster will be required to connect it to GitLab.
A few details from the EKS cluster will be required to connect it to GitLab:
1. **Retrieve the certificate**: A valid Kubernetes certificate is needed to authenticate to the EKS cluster. We will use the certificate created by default. Open a shell and use `kubectl` to retrieve it:
- List the secrets with `kubectl get secrets`, and one should named similar to `default-token-xxxxx`. Copy that token name for use below.
- Get the certificate with `kubectl get secret <secret name> -o jsonpath="{['data']['ca\.crt']}" | base64 -D`
1. **Retrieve the certificate**: A valid Kubernetes certificate is needed to
authenticate to the EKS cluster. We will use the certificate created by default.
Open a shell and use `kubectl` to retrieve it:
1. **Create admin token**: A `cluster-admin` token is required to install and manage Helm Tiller. GitLab establishes mutual SSL auth with Helm Tiller and creates limited service accounts for each application. To create the token we will create an admin service account as follows:
- List the secrets with `kubectl get secrets`, and one should named similar to
`default-token-xxxxx`. Copy that token name for use below.
- Get the certificate with:
1. Create a file called `eks-admin-service-account.yaml` with the text below:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: eks-admin
namespace: kube-system
```
2. Apply the service account to your cluster:
```bash
kubectl apply -f eks-admin-service-account.yaml
```
Output:
```bash
serviceaccount "eks-admin" created
```
3. Create a file called `eks-admin-cluster-role-binding.yaml` with the text below:
```yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: eks-admin
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: eks-admin
namespace: kube-system
```
4. Apply the cluster role binding to your cluster:
```bash
kubectl apply -f eks-admin-cluster-role-binding.yaml
```
Output:
```bash
clusterrolebinding "eks-admin" created
```
5. Retrieve the token for the `eks-admin` service account. Copy the `<authentication_token>` value from the output.
```bash
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep eks-admin | awk '{print $1}')
```
Output:
```yaml
Name: eks-admin-token-b5zv4
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name=eks-admin
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=bcfe66ac-39be-11e8-97e8-026dce96b6e8
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1025 bytes
namespace: 11 bytes
token: <authentication_token>
```sh
kubectl get secret <secret name> -o jsonpath="{['data']['ca\.crt']}" | base64 -D
```
1. The API server endpoint is also required, so GitLab can connect to the cluster. This is displayed on the AWS EKS console, when viewing the EKS cluster details.
1. **Create admin token**: A `cluster-admin` token is required to install and
manage Helm Tiller. GitLab establishes mutual SSL auth with Helm Tiller
and creates limited service accounts for each application. To create the
token we will create an admin service account as follows:
2.1. Create a file called `eks-admin-service-account.yaml` with contents:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: eks-admin
namespace: kube-system
```
2.2. Apply the service account to your cluster:
```bash
kubectl apply -f eks-admin-service-account.yaml
```
Output:
```bash
serviceaccount "eks-admin" created
```
2.3. Create a file called `eks-admin-cluster-role-binding.yaml` with contents:
```yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: eks-admin
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: eks-admin
namespace: kube-system
```
2.4. Apply the cluster role binding to your cluster:
```bash
kubectl apply -f eks-admin-cluster-role-binding.yaml
```
Output:
```bash
clusterrolebinding "eks-admin" created
```
2.5. Retrieve the token for the `eks-admin` service account:
```bash
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep eks-admin | awk '{print $1}')
```
Copy the `<authentication_token>` value from the output:
```yaml
Name: eks-admin-token-b5zv4
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name=eks-admin
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=bcfe66ac-39be-11e8-97e8-026dce96b6e8
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1025 bytes
namespace: 11 bytes
token: <authentication_token>
```
1. The API server endpoint is also required, so GitLab can connect to the cluster.
This is displayed on the AWS EKS console, when viewing the EKS cluster details.
You now have all the information needed to connect the EKS cluster:
@ -130,17 +146,26 @@ You now have all the information needed to connect the EKS cluster:
![Add Cluster](img/add_cluster.png)
Click on `Add Kubernetes cluster`, the cluster is now connected to GitLab. At this point, [Kubernetes deployment variables](../#deployment-variables) will automatically be available during CI jobs, making it easy to interact with the cluster.
Click on **Add Kubernetes cluster**, the cluster is now connected to GitLab.
At this point, [Kubernetes deployment variables](../#deployment-variables) will
automatically be available during CI/CD jobs, making it easy to interact with the cluster.
If you would like to utilize your own CI/CD scripts to deploy to the cluster, you can stop here.
## Disable Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) - Optional
## Disable Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) (optional)
When connecting a cluster via GitLab integration, you may specify whether the cluster is RBAC-enabled or not. This will affect how GitLab interacts with the cluster for certain operations. If you **did not** check the "RBAC-enabled cluster" checkbox at creation time, GitLab will assume RBAC is disabled for your cluster when interacting with it. If so, you must disable RBAC on your cluster for the integration to work properly.
When connecting a cluster via GitLab integration, you may specify whether the
cluster is RBAC-enabled or not. This will affect how GitLab interacts with the
cluster for certain operations. If you **did not** check the "RBAC-enabled cluster"
checkbox at creation time, GitLab will assume RBAC is disabled for your cluster
when interacting with it. If so, you must disable RBAC on your cluster for the
integration to work properly.
![rbac](img/rbac.png)
> **Note**: Disabling RBAC means that any application running in the cluster, or user who can authenticate to the cluster, has full API access. This is a [security concern](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/#security-implications), and may not be desirable.
NOTE: **Note**: Disabling RBAC means that any application running in the cluster,
or user who can authenticate to the cluster, has full API access. This is a
[security concern](../index.md#security-implications), and may not be desirable.
To effectively disable RBAC, global permissions can be applied granting full access:
@ -154,56 +179,100 @@ kubectl create clusterrolebinding permissive-binding \
## Deploy services to the cluster
GitLab supports one-click deployment of helpful services to the cluster, many of which support Auto DevOps. Back on the Kubernetes cluster screen in GitLab, a list of applications is now available to deploy.
GitLab supports one-click deployment of helpful services to the cluster, many of
which support Auto DevOps. Back on the Kubernetes cluster screen in GitLab, a
list of applications is now available to deploy.
First install Helm Tiller, a package manager for Kubernetes. This enables deployment of the other applications.
First, install Helm Tiller, a package manager for Kubernetes. This enables
deployment of the other applications.
![Deploy Apps](img/deploy_apps.png)
### Deploying NGINX Ingress (optional)
Next, if you would like the deployed app to be reachable on the internet, deploy the Ingress. Note that this will also cause an [Elastic Load Balancer](https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/elastic-load-balancing/) to be created, which will incur additional AWS costs.
Next, if you would like the deployed app to be reachable on the internet, deploy
the Ingress. Note that this will also cause an
[Elastic Load Balancer](https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/elastic-load-balancing/)
to be created, which will incur additional AWS costs.
Once installed, you may see a `?` for `Ingress IP Address`. This is because the created ELB is available at a DNS name, not an IP address. To get the DNS name, run: `kubectl get service ingress-nginx-ingress-controller -n gitlab-managed-apps -o jsonpath="{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].hostname}"`. Note, you may see a trailing `%` on some Kubernetes versions, do not include it.
Once installed, you may see a `?` for "Ingress IP Address". This is because the
created ELB is available at a DNS name, not an IP address. To get the DNS name,
run:
The Ingress is now available at this address, and will route incoming requests to the proper service based on the DNS name in the request. To support this, a wildcard DNS CNAME record should be created for the desired domain name. For example `*.myekscluster.com` would point to the Ingress hostname obtained earlier.
```sh
kubectl get service ingress-nginx-ingress-controller -n gitlab-managed-apps -o jsonpath="{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].hostname}"
```
Note that you may see a trailing `%` on some Kubernetes versions, **do not include it**.
The Ingress is now available at this address and will route incoming requests to
the proper service based on the DNS name in the request. To support this, a
wildcard DNS CNAME record should be created for the desired domain name. For example,
`*.myekscluster.com` would point to the Ingress hostname obtained earlier.
![Create DNS](img/create_dns.png)
### Deploying the GitLab Runner (optional)
If the project is on GitLab.com, free shared runners are available and you do not have to deploy one. If a project specific runner is desired, or there are no shared runners, it is easy to deploy one.
If the project is on GitLab.com, free shared Runners are available and you do
not have to deploy one. If a project specific Runner is desired, or there are no
shared Runners, it is easy to deploy one.
Simply click on the `Install` button for the GitLab Runner. It is important to note that the runner deployed is set as **privileged**, which means it essentially has root access to the underlying machine. This is required to build docker images, and so is on by default.
Simply click on the **Install** button for the GitLab Runner. It is important to
note that the Runner deployed is set as **privileged**, which means it essentially
has root access to the underlying machine. This is required to build docker images,
and so is on by default.
### Deploying Prometheus (optional)
GitLab is able to monitor applications automatically, utilizing [Prometheus](../../integrations/prometheus.html). Kubernetes container CPU and memory metrics are automatically collected, and response metrics are retrieved from NGINX Ingress as well.
GitLab is able to monitor applications automatically, utilizing
[Prometheus](../../integrations/prometheus.html). Kubernetes container CPU and
memory metrics are automatically collected, and response metrics are retrieved
from NGINX Ingress as well.
To enable monitoring, simply install Prometheus into the cluster with the `Install` button.
To enable monitoring, simply install Prometheus into the cluster with the
**Install** button.
## Create a default Storage Class
Amazon EKS does not have a default Storage Class out of the box, which means requests for persistent volumes will not be automatically fulfilled. As part of Auto DevOps, the deployed Postgres instance requests persistent storage, and without a default storage class it will fail to start.
Amazon EKS doesn't have a default Storage Class out of the box, which means
requests for persistent volumes will not be automatically fulfilled. As part
of Auto DevOps, the deployed Postgres instance requests persistent storage,
and without a default storage class it will fail to start.
If a default Storage Class does not already exist and is desired, follow Amazon's [short guide](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/storage-classes.html) to create one.
If a default Storage Class doesn't already exist and is desired, follow Amazon's
[guide on storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/storage-classes.html)
to create one.
Alternatively, disable Postgres by setting the project variable [`POSTGRES_ENABLED`](../../../../topics/autodevops/#environment-variables) to `false`.
Alternatively, disable Postgres by setting the project variable
[`POSTGRES_ENABLED`](../../../../topics/autodevops/#environment-variables) to `false`.
## Deploy the app to EKS
With RBAC disabled and services deployed, [Auto DevOps](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/topics/autodevops/) can now be leveraged to build, test, and deploy the app. To enable, click on `Settings` in the left sidebar, then `CI/CD`. You will see a section for `Auto DevOps`, expand it. Click on the radio button to `Enable Auto DevOps`.
With RBAC disabled and services deployed,
[Auto DevOps](../../../../topics/autodevops/index.md) can now be leveraged
to build, test, and deploy the app.
If a wildcard DNS entry was created resolving to the Load Balancer, enter it in the `domain` field. Otherwise, the deployed app will not be externally available outside of the cluster. To save, click `Save changes`.
[Enable Auto DevOps](../../../../topics/autodevops/index.md##enablingdisabling-auto-devops-at-the-project-level)
if not already enabled. If a wildcard DNS entry was created resolving to the
Load Balancer, enter it in the `domain` field under the Auto DevOps settings.
Otherwise, the deployed app will not be externally available outside of the cluster.
![Deploy Pipeline](img/pipeline.png)
A new pipeline will automatically be created, which will begin to build, test, and deploy the app.
A new pipeline will automatically be created, which will begin to build, test,
and deploy the app.
After the pipeline has finished, your app will be running in EKS and available to users. Click on `CI/CD` tab in the left navigation bar, and choose `Environments`.
After the pipeline has finished, your app will be running in EKS and available
to users. Click on **CI/CD > Environments**.
![Deployed Environment](img/environment.png)
You will see a list of the environments and their deploy status, as well as options to browse to the app, view monitoring metrics, and even access a shell on the running pod.
You will see a list of the environments and their deploy status, as well as
options to browse to the app, view monitoring metrics, and even access a shell
on the running pod.
To learn more about Auto DevOps, review our [documentation](../../../../topics/autodevops/).
## Learn more
To learn more on automatically deploying your applications,
read about [Auto DevOps](../../../../topics/autodevops/index.md).