diff --git a/app/models/concerns/spammable.rb b/app/models/concerns/spammable.rb
index 2daea388939..4901cd832ff 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/spammable.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/spammable.rb
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ module Spammable
   end
 
   # Override in Spammable if further checks are necessary
-  def check_for_spam?
+  def check_for_spam?(user:)
     true
   end
 
diff --git a/app/models/issue.rb b/app/models/issue.rb
index 00fcba5298a..d1ef84a8a97 100644
--- a/app/models/issue.rb
+++ b/app/models/issue.rb
@@ -437,10 +437,10 @@ class Issue < ApplicationRecord
         user, project.external_authorization_classification_label)
   end
 
-  def check_for_spam?
+  def check_for_spam?(user:)
     # content created via support bots is always checked for spam, EVEN if
     # the issue is not publicly visible and/or confidential
-    return true if author.support_bot? && spammable_attribute_changed?
+    return true if user.support_bot? && spammable_attribute_changed?
 
     # Only check for spam on issues which are publicly visible (and thus indexed in search engines)
     return false unless publicly_visible?
diff --git a/app/models/snippet.rb b/app/models/snippet.rb
index 68957dd6b22..dd76f2c3c84 100644
--- a/app/models/snippet.rb
+++ b/app/models/snippet.rb
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class Snippet < ApplicationRecord
     notes.includes(:author)
   end
 
-  def check_for_spam?
+  def check_for_spam?(user:)
     visibility_level_changed?(to: Snippet::PUBLIC) ||
       (public? && (title_changed? || content_changed?))
   end
diff --git a/app/services/spam/spam_action_service.rb b/app/services/spam/spam_action_service.rb
index ec16ce19cf6..2a28b66f09b 100644
--- a/app/services/spam/spam_action_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/spam/spam_action_service.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module Spam
         ServiceResponse.success(message: "CAPTCHA successfully verified")
       else
         return ServiceResponse.success(message: 'Skipped spam check because user was allowlisted') if allowlisted?(user)
-        return ServiceResponse.success(message: 'Skipped spam check because it was not required') unless check_for_spam?
+        return ServiceResponse.success(message: 'Skipped spam check because it was not required') unless check_for_spam?(user: user)
 
         perform_spam_service_check
         ServiceResponse.success(message: "Spam check performed. Check #{target.class.name} spammable model for any errors or CAPTCHA requirement")
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ module Spam
     def create_spam_log
       @spam_log = SpamLog.create!(
         {
-          user_id: target.author_id,
+          user_id: user.id,
           title: target.spam_title,
           description: target.spam_description,
           source_ip: spam_params.ip_address,
diff --git a/doc/development/background_migrations.md b/doc/development/background_migrations.md
index 534621caf8f..4e91c4a0e25 100644
--- a/doc/development/background_migrations.md
+++ b/doc/development/background_migrations.md
@@ -174,13 +174,18 @@ roughly be as follows:
 1. Release B:
    1. Deploy code so that the application starts using the new column and stops
       scheduling jobs for newly created data.
-   1. In a post-deployment migration you'll need to ensure no jobs remain.
-      1. Use `Gitlab::BackgroundMigration.steal` to process any remaining
-         jobs in Sidekiq.
-      1. Reschedule the migration to be run directly (i.e. not through Sidekiq)
-         on any rows that weren't migrated by Sidekiq. This can happen if, for
-         instance, Sidekiq received a SIGKILL, or if a particular batch failed
-         enough times to be marked as dead.
+   1. In a post-deployment migration use `finalize_background_migration` from
+      `BackgroundMigrationHelpers` to ensure no jobs remain. This helper will:
+         1. Use `Gitlab::BackgroundMigration.steal` to process any remaining
+            jobs in Sidekiq.
+         1. Reschedule the migration to be run directly (i.e. not through Sidekiq)
+            on any rows that weren't migrated by Sidekiq. This can happen if, for
+            instance, Sidekiq received a SIGKILL, or if a particular batch failed
+            enough times to be marked as dead.
+         1. Remove `Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob` rows where
+            `status = succeeded`. To retain diagnostic information that may
+            help with future bug tracking you can skip this step by specifying
+            the `delete_tracking_jobs: false` parameter.
    1. Remove the old column.
 
 This may also require a bump to the [import/export version](../user/project/settings/import_export.md), if
diff --git a/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers.rb b/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers.rb
index 28491a934a0..19d80ba1d64 100644
--- a/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers.rb
+++ b/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers.rb
@@ -264,6 +264,34 @@ module Gitlab
           migration
         end
 
+        # Force a background migration to complete.
+        #
+        # WARNING: This method will block the caller and move the background migration from an
+        # asynchronous migration to a synchronous migration.
+        #
+        # 1. Steal work from sidekiq and perform immediately (avoid duplicates generated by step 2).
+        # 2. Process any pending tracked jobs.
+        # 3. Steal work from sidekiq and perform immediately (clear anything left from step 2).
+        # 4. Optionally remove job tracking information.
+        #
+        # This method does not garauntee that all jobs completed successfully.
+        def finalize_background_migration(class_name, delete_tracking_jobs: ['succeeded'])
+          # Empty the sidekiq queue.
+          Gitlab::BackgroundMigration.steal(class_name)
+
+          # Process pending tracked jobs.
+          jobs = Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob.pending.for_migration_class(class_name)
+          jobs.find_each do |job|
+            BackgroundMigrationWorker.new.perform(job.class_name, job.arguments)
+          end
+
+          # Empty the sidekiq queue.
+          Gitlab::BackgroundMigration.steal(class_name)
+
+          # Delete job tracking rows.
+          delete_job_tracking(class_name, status: delete_tracking_jobs) if delete_tracking_jobs
+        end
+
         def perform_background_migration_inline?
           Rails.env.test? || Rails.env.development?
         end
@@ -304,6 +332,12 @@ module Gitlab
           end
         end
 
+        def delete_job_tracking(class_name, status: 'succeeded')
+          status = Array(status).map { |s| Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob.statuses[s] }
+          jobs = Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob.where(status: status).for_migration_class(class_name)
+          jobs.each_batch { |batch| batch.delete_all }
+        end
+
         private
 
         def track_in_database(class_name, arguments)
diff --git a/spec/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers_spec.rb b/spec/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers_spec.rb
index e096e7f6e91..1a7116e75e5 100644
--- a/spec/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/gitlab/database/migrations/background_migration_helpers_spec.rb
@@ -581,4 +581,101 @@ RSpec.describe Gitlab::Database::Migrations::BackgroundMigrationHelpers do
       model.delete_queued_jobs('BackgroundMigrationClassName')
     end
   end
+
+  describe '#finalized_background_migration' do
+    include_context 'background migration job class'
+
+    let!(:tracked_pending_job) { create(:background_migration_job, class_name: job_class_name, status: :pending, arguments: [1]) }
+    let!(:tracked_successful_job) { create(:background_migration_job, class_name: job_class_name, status: :succeeded, arguments: [2]) }
+
+    before do
+      Sidekiq::Testing.disable! do
+        BackgroundMigrationWorker.perform_async(job_class_name, [1, 2])
+        BackgroundMigrationWorker.perform_async(job_class_name, [3, 4])
+        BackgroundMigrationWorker.perform_in(10, job_class_name, [5, 6])
+        BackgroundMigrationWorker.perform_in(20, job_class_name, [7, 8])
+      end
+    end
+
+    it_behaves_like 'finalized tracked background migration' do
+      before do
+        model.finalize_background_migration(job_class_name)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when removing all tracked job records' do
+      # Force pending jobs to remain pending.
+      let!(:job_perform_method) { ->(*arguments) { } }
+
+      before do
+        model.finalize_background_migration(job_class_name, delete_tracking_jobs: %w[pending succeeded])
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'finalized tracked background migration'
+      it_behaves_like 'removed tracked jobs', 'pending'
+      it_behaves_like 'removed tracked jobs', 'succeeded'
+    end
+
+    context 'when retaining all tracked job records' do
+      before do
+        model.finalize_background_migration(job_class_name, delete_tracking_jobs: false)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'finalized background migration'
+      include_examples 'retained tracked jobs', 'succeeded'
+    end
+
+    context 'during retry race condition' do
+      let(:queue_items_added) { [] }
+      let!(:job_perform_method) do
+        ->(*arguments) do
+          Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob.mark_all_as_succeeded(
+            RSpec.current_example.example_group_instance.job_class_name,
+            arguments
+          )
+
+          # Mock another process pushing queue jobs.
+          queue_items_added = RSpec.current_example.example_group_instance.queue_items_added
+          if queue_items_added.count < 10
+            Sidekiq::Testing.disable! do
+              job_class_name = RSpec.current_example.example_group_instance.job_class_name
+              queue_items_added << BackgroundMigrationWorker.perform_async(job_class_name, [Time.current])
+              queue_items_added << BackgroundMigrationWorker.perform_in(10, job_class_name, [Time.current])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'finalized tracked background migration' do
+        before do
+          model.finalize_background_migration(job_class_name, delete_tracking_jobs: ['succeeded'])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#delete_job_tracking' do
+    let!(:job_class_name) { 'TestJob' }
+
+    let!(:tracked_pending_job) { create(:background_migration_job, class_name: job_class_name, status: :pending, arguments: [1]) }
+    let!(:tracked_successful_job) { create(:background_migration_job, class_name: job_class_name, status: :succeeded, arguments: [2]) }
+
+    context 'with default status' do
+      before do
+        model.delete_job_tracking(job_class_name)
+      end
+
+      include_examples 'retained tracked jobs', 'pending'
+      include_examples 'removed tracked jobs', 'succeeded'
+    end
+
+    context 'with explicit status' do
+      before do
+        model.delete_job_tracking(job_class_name, status: %w[pending succeeded])
+      end
+
+      include_examples 'removed tracked jobs', 'pending'
+      include_examples 'removed tracked jobs', 'succeeded'
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/concerns/spammable_spec.rb b/spec/models/concerns/spammable_spec.rb
index 3c5f3b2d2ad..5edaab56e2d 100644
--- a/spec/models/concerns/spammable_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/concerns/spammable_spec.rb
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ RSpec.describe Spammable do
       it 'returns true for public project' do
         issue.project.update_attribute(:visibility_level, Gitlab::VisibilityLevel::PUBLIC)
 
-        expect(issue.check_for_spam?).to eq(true)
+        expect(issue.check_for_spam?(user: issue.author)).to eq(true)
       end
 
       it 'returns false for other visibility levels' do
-        expect(issue.check_for_spam?).to eq(false)
+        expect(issue.check_for_spam?(user: issue.author)).to eq(false)
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/models/issue_spec.rb b/spec/models/issue_spec.rb
index 441446bae60..22d34e7a88c 100644
--- a/spec/models/issue_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/issue_spec.rb
@@ -1112,14 +1112,14 @@ RSpec.describe Issue do
 
     with_them do
       it 'checks for spam when necessary' do
-        author = support_bot? ? support_bot : user
+        active_user = support_bot? ? support_bot : user
         project = reusable_project
         project.update!(visibility_level: visibility_level)
-        issue = create(:issue, project: project, confidential: confidential, description: 'original description', author: author)
+        issue = create(:issue, project: project, confidential: confidential, description: 'original description', author: support_bot)
 
         issue.assign_attributes(new_attributes)
 
-        expect(issue.check_for_spam?).to eq(check_for_spam?)
+        expect(issue.check_for_spam?(user: active_user)).to eq(check_for_spam?)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/models/snippet_spec.rb b/spec/models/snippet_spec.rb
index 19d3895177f..4e20a83f18e 100644
--- a/spec/models/snippet_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/snippet_spec.rb
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ RSpec.describe Snippet do
 
     subject do
       snippet.assign_attributes(title: title)
-      snippet.check_for_spam?
+      snippet.check_for_spam?(user: snippet.author)
     end
 
     context 'when public and spammable attributes changed' do
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ RSpec.describe Snippet do
         snippet.save!
         snippet.visibility_level = Snippet::PUBLIC
 
-        expect(snippet.check_for_spam?).to be_truthy
+        expect(snippet.check_for_spam?(user: snippet.author)).to be_truthy
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/services/spam/spam_action_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/spam/spam_action_service_spec.rb
index 3a92e5acb5a..8ddfa7ed3a0 100644
--- a/spec/services/spam/spam_action_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/spam/spam_action_service_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'spec_helper'
 RSpec.describe Spam::SpamActionService do
   include_context 'includes Spam constants'
 
-  let(:issue) { create(:issue, project: project, author: user) }
+  let(:issue) { create(:issue, project: project, author: author) }
   let(:fake_ip) { '1.2.3.4' }
   let(:fake_user_agent) { 'fake-user-agent' }
   let(:fake_referer) { 'fake-http-referer' }
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ RSpec.describe Spam::SpamActionService do
 
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :public) }
   let_it_be(:user) { create(:user) }
+  let_it_be(:author) { create(:user) }
 
   before do
     issue.spam = false
diff --git a/spec/support/shared_contexts/lib/gitlab/database/background_migration_job_shared_context.rb b/spec/support/shared_contexts/lib/gitlab/database/background_migration_job_shared_context.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..382eb796f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/support/shared_contexts/lib/gitlab/database/background_migration_job_shared_context.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+RSpec.shared_context 'background migration job class' do
+  let!(:job_class_name) { 'TestJob' }
+  let!(:job_class) { Class.new }
+  let!(:job_perform_method) do
+    ->(*arguments) do
+      Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob.mark_all_as_succeeded(
+        # Value is 'TestJob' defined by :job_class_name in the let! above.
+        # Scoping prohibits us from directly referencing job_class_name.
+        RSpec.current_example.example_group_instance.job_class_name,
+        arguments
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  before do
+    job_class.define_method(:perform, job_perform_method)
+    expect(Gitlab::BackgroundMigration).to receive(:migration_class_for).with(job_class_name).at_least(:once) { job_class }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/support/shared_examples/lib/gitlab/database/background_migration_job_shared_examples.rb b/spec/support/shared_examples/lib/gitlab/database/background_migration_job_shared_examples.rb
index 20f3270526e..7888ade56eb 100644
--- a/spec/support/shared_examples/lib/gitlab/database/background_migration_job_shared_examples.rb
+++ b/spec/support/shared_examples/lib/gitlab/database/background_migration_job_shared_examples.rb
@@ -21,3 +21,46 @@ RSpec.shared_examples 'marks background migration job records' do
     expect(jobs_updated).to eq(1)
   end
 end
+
+RSpec.shared_examples 'finalized background migration' do
+  it 'processed the scheduled sidekiq queue' do
+    queued = Sidekiq::ScheduledSet
+      .new
+      .select do |scheduled|
+        scheduled.klass == 'BackgroundMigrationWorker' &&
+        scheduled.args.first == job_class_name
+      end
+    expect(queued.size).to eq(0)
+  end
+
+  it 'processed the async sidekiq queue' do
+    queued = Sidekiq::Queue.new('BackgroundMigrationWorker')
+      .select { |scheduled| scheduled.klass == job_class_name }
+    expect(queued.size).to eq(0)
+  end
+
+  include_examples 'removed tracked jobs', 'pending'
+end
+
+RSpec.shared_examples 'finalized tracked background migration' do
+  include_examples 'finalized background migration'
+  include_examples 'removed tracked jobs', 'succeeded'
+end
+
+RSpec.shared_examples 'removed tracked jobs' do |status|
+  it "removes '#{status}' tracked jobs" do
+    jobs = Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob
+      .where(status: Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob.statuses[status])
+      .for_migration_class(job_class_name)
+    expect(jobs).to be_empty
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.shared_examples 'retained tracked jobs' do |status|
+  it "retains '#{status}' tracked jobs" do
+    jobs = Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob
+      .where(status: Gitlab::Database::BackgroundMigrationJob.statuses[status])
+      .for_migration_class(job_class_name)
+    expect(jobs).to be_present
+  end
+end