diff --git a/app/uploaders/object_storage.rb b/app/uploaders/object_storage.rb
index 23b3dcf84c0..d8ec5a81968 100644
--- a/app/uploaders/object_storage.rb
+++ b/app/uploaders/object_storage.rb
@@ -298,6 +298,15 @@ module ObjectStorage
       super
     end
 
+    def exclusive_lease_key
+      # For FileUploaders, model may have many uploaders. In that case
+      # we want to use exclusive key per upload, not per model to allow
+      # parallel migration
+      key_object = self.is_a?(RecordsUploads::Concern) && upload ? upload : model
+
+      "object_storage_migrate:#{key_object.class}:#{key_object.id}"
+    end
+
     private
 
     def schedule_background_upload?
@@ -364,10 +373,6 @@ module ObjectStorage
       end
     end
 
-    def exclusive_lease_key
-      "object_storage_migrate:#{model.class}:#{model.id}"
-    end
-
     def with_exclusive_lease
       uuid = Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.new(exclusive_lease_key, timeout: 1.hour.to_i).try_obtain
       raise 'exclusive lease already taken' unless uuid
diff --git a/changelogs/unreleased/47513-upload-migration-lease-key-is-incorrect-for-non-mounted-uploaders.yml b/changelogs/unreleased/47513-upload-migration-lease-key-is-incorrect-for-non-mounted-uploaders.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..010c4e9bce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelogs/unreleased/47513-upload-migration-lease-key-is-incorrect-for-non-mounted-uploaders.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+title: Use upload ID for creating lease key for file uploaders.
+merge_request:
+author:
+type: fixed
diff --git a/spec/support/shared_examples/uploaders/object_storage_shared_examples.rb b/spec/support/shared_examples/uploaders/object_storage_shared_examples.rb
index 6352f1527cd..12f7d3ed92a 100644
--- a/spec/support/shared_examples/uploaders/object_storage_shared_examples.rb
+++ b/spec/support/shared_examples/uploaders/object_storage_shared_examples.rb
@@ -76,10 +76,8 @@ shared_examples "migrates" do |to_store:, from_store: nil|
   end
 
   context 'when migrate! is occupied by another process' do
-    let(:exclusive_lease_key) { "object_storage_migrate:#{subject.model.class}:#{subject.model.id}" }
-
     before do
-      @uuid = Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.new(exclusive_lease_key, timeout: 1.hour.to_i).try_obtain
+      @uuid = Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.new(subject.exclusive_lease_key, timeout: 1.hour.to_i).try_obtain
     end
 
     it 'does not execute migrate!' do
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ shared_examples "migrates" do |to_store:, from_store: nil|
     end
 
     after do
-      Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.cancel(exclusive_lease_key, @uuid)
+      Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.cancel(subject.exclusive_lease_key, @uuid)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/uploaders/object_storage_spec.rb b/spec/uploaders/object_storage_spec.rb
index 0bc5b6751b3..902fc0bc030 100644
--- a/spec/uploaders/object_storage_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/uploaders/object_storage_spec.rb
@@ -332,6 +332,18 @@ describe ObjectStorage do
         expect { uploader.use_file }.to raise_error('exclusive lease already taken')
       end
     end
+
+    it 'can still migrate other files of the same model' do
+      uploader2 = uploader_class.new(object, :file)
+      uploader2.upload = create(:upload)
+      uploader.upload = create(:upload)
+
+      when_file_is_in_use do
+        expect(uploader2).to receive(:unsafe_migrate!)
+
+        uploader2.migrate!(described_class::Store::REMOTE)
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe '#fog_credentials' do