diff --git a/.gitlab/merge_request_templates/Documentation.md b/.gitlab/merge_request_templates/Documentation.md
index 5db1c719aea..b7c21ed3b67 100644
--- a/.gitlab/merge_request_templates/Documentation.md
+++ b/.gitlab/merge_request_templates/Documentation.md
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Documentation-related MRs should be reviewed by a Technical Writer for a non-blo
     - [ ] The headings should be something you'd do a Google search for. Instead of `Default behavior`, say something like `Default behavior when you close an issue`.
     - [ ] The headings (other than the page title) should be active. Instead of `Configuring GDK`, say something like `Configure GDK`.
     - [ ] Any task steps should be written as a numbered list.
+    - If the content still needs to be edited for topic types, you can create a follow-up issue with the ~"docs-technical-debt" label.
 - [ ] Review by assigned maintainer, who can always request/require the above reviews. Maintainer's review can occur before or after a technical writer review.
 - [ ] Ensure a release milestone is set.
 
diff --git a/GITALY_SERVER_VERSION b/GITALY_SERVER_VERSION
index c59167abffb..cd169869e27 100644
--- a/GITALY_SERVER_VERSION
+++ b/GITALY_SERVER_VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-b6648dea882b755e747d7d6be7a2355a9f28b6ae
+28e6eebf54f40a2ff820c996698c720b1a898266
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 886434a89fa..0a8dd0f2840 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ gem 'fog-aws', '~> 3.9'
 # Locked until fog-google resolves https://github.com/fog/fog-google/issues/421.
 # Also see config/initializers/fog_core_patch.rb.
 gem 'fog-core', '= 2.1.0'
-gem 'gitlab-fog-google', '~> 1.13', require: 'fog/google'
+gem 'fog-google', '~> 1.15', require: 'fog/google'
 gem 'fog-local', '~> 0.6'
 gem 'fog-openstack', '~> 1.0'
 gem 'fog-rackspace', '~> 0.1.1'
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index ac113252f85..d7c3651a455 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -412,6 +412,12 @@ GEM
       excon (~> 0.58)
       formatador (~> 0.2)
       mime-types
+    fog-google (1.15.0)
+      fog-core (<= 2.1.0)
+      fog-json (~> 1.2)
+      fog-xml (~> 0.1.0)
+      google-api-client (>= 0.44.2, < 0.51)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 1.2)
     fog-json (1.2.0)
       fog-core
       multi_json (~> 1.10)
@@ -475,13 +481,6 @@ GEM
       fog-json (~> 1.2.0)
       mime-types
       ms_rest_azure (~> 0.12.0)
-    gitlab-fog-google (1.13.0)
-      addressable (>= 2.7.0)
-      fog-core (<= 2.1.0)
-      fog-json (~> 1.2)
-      fog-xml (~> 0.1.0)
-      google-api-client (>= 0.44.2, < 0.51)
-      google-cloud-env (~> 1.2)
     gitlab-labkit (0.18.0)
       actionpack (>= 5.0.0, < 7.0.0)
       activesupport (>= 5.0.0, < 7.0.0)
@@ -531,7 +530,7 @@ GEM
       retriable (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
       rexml
       signet (~> 0.12)
-    google-cloud-env (1.4.0)
+    google-cloud-env (1.5.0)
       faraday (>= 0.17.3, < 2.0)
     google-protobuf (3.17.1)
     googleapis-common-protos-types (1.0.6)
@@ -1474,6 +1473,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   fog-aliyun (~> 0.3)
   fog-aws (~> 3.9)
   fog-core (= 2.1.0)
+  fog-google (~> 1.15)
   fog-local (~> 0.6)
   fog-openstack (~> 1.0)
   fog-rackspace (~> 0.1.1)
@@ -1489,7 +1489,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   gitlab-dangerfiles (~> 2.1.2)
   gitlab-experiment (~> 0.5.4)
   gitlab-fog-azure-rm (~> 1.1.1)
-  gitlab-fog-google (~> 1.13)
   gitlab-labkit (~> 0.18.0)
   gitlab-license (~> 1.5)
   gitlab-mail_room (~> 0.0.9)
diff --git a/app/assets/javascripts/diffs/components/diff_row.vue b/app/assets/javascripts/diffs/components/diff_row.vue
index 0b0b4fa97ae..87af062c535 100644
--- a/app/assets/javascripts/diffs/components/diff_row.vue
+++ b/app/assets/javascripts/diffs/components/diff_row.vue
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ export default {
 };
 </script>
 
+<!-- eslint-disable-next-line vue/no-deprecated-functional-template -->
 <template functional>
   <div :class="$options.classNameMap(props)" class="diff-grid-row diff-tr line_holder">
     <div
diff --git a/app/models/group.rb b/app/models/group.rb
index e4127b2b2d4..8e6beacf7c3 100644
--- a/app/models/group.rb
+++ b/app/models/group.rb
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class Group < Namespace
   end
 
   def add_users(users, access_level, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil)
-    GroupMember.add_users(
+    Members::Groups::CreatorService.add_users( # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ServiceClass
       self,
       users,
       access_level,
@@ -306,14 +306,13 @@ class Group < Namespace
   end
 
   def add_user(user, access_level, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil, ldap: false)
-    GroupMember.add_user(
-      self,
-      user,
-      access_level,
-      current_user: current_user,
-      expires_at: expires_at,
-      ldap: ldap
-    )
+    Members::Groups::CreatorService.new(self, # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ServiceClass
+                                        user,
+                                        access_level,
+                                        current_user: current_user,
+                                        expires_at: expires_at,
+                                        ldap: ldap)
+                                   .execute
   end
 
   def add_guest(user, current_user = nil)
diff --git a/app/models/member.rb b/app/models/member.rb
index 70041578681..d1225b9fcc5 100644
--- a/app/models/member.rb
+++ b/app/models/member.rb
@@ -232,140 +232,9 @@ class Member < ApplicationRecord
       find_by(invite_token: invite_token)
     end
 
-    def add_user(source, user, access_level, existing_members: nil, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil, ldap: false)
-      # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
-      # `user` can be either a User object, User ID or an email to be invited
-      member = retrieve_member(source, user, existing_members)
-      access_level = retrieve_access_level(access_level)
-
-      return member unless can_update_member?(current_user, member)
-
-      set_member_attributes(
-        member,
-        access_level,
-        current_user: current_user,
-        expires_at: expires_at,
-        ldap: ldap
-      )
-
-      if member.request?
-        ::Members::ApproveAccessRequestService.new(
-          current_user,
-          access_level: access_level
-        ).execute(
-          member,
-          skip_authorization: ldap,
-          skip_log_audit_event: ldap
-        )
-      else
-        member.save
-      end
-
-      member
-      # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
-    end
-
-    # Populates the attributes of a member.
-    #
-    # This logic resides in a separate method so that EE can extend this logic,
-    # without having to patch the `add_user` method directly.
-    def set_member_attributes(member, access_level, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil, ldap: false)
-      member.attributes = {
-        created_by: member.created_by || current_user,
-        access_level: access_level,
-        expires_at: expires_at
-      }
-    end
-
-    def add_users(source, users, access_level, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil)
-      return [] unless users.present?
-
-      emails, users, existing_members = parse_users_list(source, users)
-
-      self.transaction do
-        (emails + users).map! do |user|
-          add_user(
-            source,
-            user,
-            access_level,
-            existing_members: existing_members,
-            current_user: current_user,
-            expires_at: expires_at
-          )
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def access_levels
-      Gitlab::Access.sym_options
-    end
-
     def valid_email?(email)
       Devise.email_regexp.match?(email)
     end
-
-    private
-
-    def parse_users_list(source, list)
-      emails = []
-      user_ids = []
-      users = []
-      existing_members = {}
-
-      list.each do |item|
-        case item
-        when User
-          users << item
-        when Integer
-          user_ids << item
-        when /\A\d+\Z/
-          user_ids << item.to_i
-        when Devise.email_regexp
-          emails << item
-        end
-      end
-
-      if user_ids.present?
-        users.concat(User.where(id: user_ids))
-        # the below will automatically discard invalid user_ids
-        existing_members = source.members_and_requesters.where(user_id: user_ids).index_by(&:user_id)
-      end
-
-      [emails, users, existing_members]
-    end
-
-    # This method is used to find users that have been entered into the "Add members" field.
-    # These can be the User objects directly, their IDs, their emails, or new emails to be invited.
-    def retrieve_user(user)
-      return user if user.is_a?(User)
-
-      return User.find_by(id: user) if user.is_a?(Integer)
-
-      User.find_by_any_email(user) || user
-    end
-
-    def retrieve_member(source, user, existing_members)
-      user = retrieve_user(user)
-
-      if user.is_a?(User)
-        if existing_members
-          existing_members[user.id] || source.members.build(user_id: user.id)
-        else
-          source.members_and_requesters.find_or_initialize_by(user_id: user.id)
-        end
-      else
-        source.members.build(invite_email: user)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def retrieve_access_level(access_level)
-      access_levels.fetch(access_level) { access_level.to_i }
-    end
-
-    def can_update_member?(current_user, member)
-      # There is no current user for bulk actions, in which case anything is allowed
-      !current_user || current_user.can?(:"update_#{member.type.underscore}", member)
-    end
   end
 
   def real_source_type
diff --git a/app/models/members/group_member.rb b/app/models/members/group_member.rb
index c7bc31cde5d..ab044b80133 100644
--- a/app/models/members/group_member.rb
+++ b/app/models/members/group_member.rb
@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ class GroupMember < Member
     Gitlab::Access.options_with_owner
   end
 
-  def self.access_levels
-    Gitlab::Access.sym_options_with_owner
-  end
-
   def self.pluck_user_ids
     pluck(:user_id)
   end
diff --git a/app/models/members/project_member.rb b/app/models/members/project_member.rb
index 41ecc4cbf01..5040879e177 100644
--- a/app/models/members/project_member.rb
+++ b/app/models/members/project_member.rb
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ProjectMember < Member
         project_ids.each do |project_id|
           project = Project.find(project_id)
 
-          add_users(
+          Members::Projects::CreatorService.add_users( # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ServiceClass
             project,
             users,
             access_level,
@@ -80,12 +80,6 @@ class ProjectMember < Member
     def access_level_roles
       Gitlab::Access.options
     end
-
-    private
-
-    def can_update_member?(current_user, member)
-      super || (member.owner? && member.new_record?)
-    end
   end
 
   def project
diff --git a/app/models/project_team.rb b/app/models/project_team.rb
index a85afada901..4586aa2b4b4 100644
--- a/app/models/project_team.rb
+++ b/app/models/project_team.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ProjectTeam
   end
 
   def add_users(users, access_level, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil)
-    ProjectMember.add_users(
+    Members::Projects::CreatorService.add_users( # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ServiceClass
       project,
       users,
       access_level,
@@ -52,13 +52,12 @@ class ProjectTeam
   end
 
   def add_user(user, access_level, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil)
-    ProjectMember.add_user(
-      project,
-      user,
-      access_level,
-      current_user: current_user,
-      expires_at: expires_at
-    )
+    Members::Projects::CreatorService.new(project, # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ServiceClass
+                                          user,
+                                          access_level,
+                                          current_user: current_user,
+                                          expires_at: expires_at)
+                                     .execute
   end
 
   # Remove all users from project team
diff --git a/app/services/members/creator_service.rb b/app/services/members/creator_service.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f6972f81162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/services/members/creator_service.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Members
+  # This class serves as more of an app-wide way we add/create members
+  # All roads to add members should take this path.
+  class CreatorService
+    class << self
+      def parsed_access_level(access_level)
+        access_levels.fetch(access_level) { access_level.to_i }
+      end
+
+      def access_levels
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      def add_users(source, users, access_level, current_user: nil, expires_at: nil)
+        return [] unless users.present?
+
+        emails, users, existing_members = parse_users_list(source, users)
+
+        Member.transaction do
+          (emails + users).map! do |user|
+            new(source,
+                user,
+                access_level,
+                existing_members: existing_members,
+                current_user: current_user,
+                expires_at: expires_at)
+              .execute
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def parse_users_list(source, list)
+        emails = []
+        user_ids = []
+        users = []
+        existing_members = {}
+
+        list.each do |item|
+          case item
+          when User
+            users << item
+          when Integer
+            user_ids << item
+          when /\A\d+\Z/
+            user_ids << item.to_i
+          when Devise.email_regexp
+            emails << item
+          end
+        end
+
+        if user_ids.present?
+          users.concat(User.id_in(user_ids))
+          # the below will automatically discard invalid user_ids
+          existing_members = source.members_and_requesters.where(user_id: user_ids).index_by(&:user_id) # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ActiveRecord
+        end
+
+        [emails, users, existing_members]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(source, user, access_level, **args)
+      @source = source
+      @user = user
+      @access_level = self.class.parsed_access_level(access_level)
+      @args = args
+    end
+
+    def execute
+      find_or_build_member
+      update_member
+
+      member
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    attr_reader :source, :user, :access_level, :member, :args
+
+    def update_member
+      return unless can_update_member?
+
+      member.attributes = member_attributes
+
+      if member.request?
+        approve_request
+      else
+        member.save
+      end
+    end
+
+    def can_update_member?
+      # There is no current user for bulk actions, in which case anything is allowed
+      !current_user # inheriting classes will add more logic
+    end
+
+    # Populates the attributes of a member.
+    #
+    # This logic resides in a separate method so that EE can extend this logic,
+    # without having to patch the `add_user` method directly.
+    def member_attributes
+      {
+        created_by: member.created_by || current_user,
+        access_level: access_level,
+        expires_at: args[:expires_at]
+      }
+    end
+
+    def approve_request
+      ::Members::ApproveAccessRequestService.new(current_user,
+                                                 access_level: access_level)
+                                            .execute(
+                                              member,
+                                              skip_authorization: ldap,
+                                              skip_log_audit_event: ldap
+                                            )
+    end
+
+    def current_user
+      args[:current_user]
+    end
+
+    def find_or_build_member
+      @user = parse_user_param
+
+      @member = if user.is_a?(User)
+                  find_or_initialize_member_by_user
+                else
+                  source.members.build(invite_email: user)
+                end
+    end
+
+    # This method is used to find users that have been entered into the "Add members" field.
+    # These can be the User objects directly, their IDs, their emails, or new emails to be invited.
+    def parse_user_param
+      case user
+      when User
+        user
+      when Integer
+        # might not return anything - this needs enhancement
+        User.find_by(id: user) # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ActiveRecord
+      else
+        # must be an email or at least we'll consider it one
+        User.find_by_any_email(user) || user
+      end
+    end
+
+    def find_or_initialize_member_by_user
+      if existing_members
+        # TODO: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/334062
+        # i'm not so sure this is needed as the parse_users_list looks at members_and_requesters...
+        # so it is like we could just do a find or initialize by here and be fine
+        existing_members[user.id] || source.members.build(user_id: user.id)
+      else
+        source.members_and_requesters.find_or_initialize_by(user_id: user.id) # rubocop:todo CodeReuse/ActiveRecord
+      end
+    end
+
+    def existing_members
+      args[:existing_members]
+    end
+
+    def ldap
+      args[:ldap] || false
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Members::CreatorService.prepend_mod_with('Members::CreatorService')
diff --git a/app/services/members/groups/creator_service.rb b/app/services/members/groups/creator_service.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df4d3f59d3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/services/members/groups/creator_service.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Members
+  module Groups
+    class CreatorService < Members::CreatorService
+      def self.access_levels
+        Gitlab::Access.sym_options_with_owner
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def can_update_member?
+        super || current_user.can?(:update_group_member, member)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/services/members/invite_service.rb b/app/services/members/invite_service.rb
index 48010f9c8e7..6298943977b 100644
--- a/app/services/members/invite_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/members/invite_service.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ module Members
     def validate_invites!
       super
 
-      # we need the below due to add_users hitting Member#parse_users_list and ignoring invalid emails
+      # we need the below due to add_users hitting Members::CreatorService.parse_users_list and ignoring invalid emails
       # ideally we wouldn't need this, but we can't really change the add_users method
       valid, invalid = invites.partition { |email| Member.valid_email?(email) }
       @invites = valid
diff --git a/app/services/members/projects/creator_service.rb b/app/services/members/projects/creator_service.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e974177075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/services/members/projects/creator_service.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Members
+  module Projects
+    class CreatorService < Members::CreatorService
+      def self.access_levels
+        Gitlab::Access.sym_options
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def can_update_member?
+        super || current_user.can?(:update_project_member, member) || adding_a_new_owner?
+      end
+
+      def adding_a_new_owner?
+        # this condition is reached during testing setup a lot due to use of `.add_user`
+        member.owner? && member.new_record?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/doc/administration/auth/oidc.md b/doc/administration/auth/oidc.md
index 30ca7d94a1e..1d6fb2aaff5 100644
--- a/doc/administration/auth/oidc.md
+++ b/doc/administration/auth/oidc.md
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ standard Azure B2C user flows [do not send the OpenID `email` claim](https://git
 other words, they do not work with the [`allow_single_sign_on` or `auto_link_user`
 parameters](../../integration/omniauth.md#initial-omniauth-configuration).
 With a standard Azure B2C policy, GitLab cannot create a new account or
-link to an existing one with an e-mail address.
+link to an existing one with an email address.
 
 Carefully follow the instructions for [creating a custom policy](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/tutorial-create-user-flows?pivots=b2c-custom-policy).
 
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ gitlab_rails['omniauth_providers'] = [
 the respective client IDs in the XML policy files.
 
 - Add `https://jwt.ms` as a redirect URI to the app, and use the [custom policy tester](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/tutorial-create-user-flows?pivots=b2c-custom-policy#test-the-custom-policy).
-Make sure the payload includes `email` that matches the user's e-mail access.
+Make sure the payload includes `email` that matches the user's email access.
 
 - After you enable the custom policy, users might see "Invalid username or password" after they try to sign in. This might be a configuration
 issue with the `IdentityExperienceFramework` app. See [this Microsoft comment](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/50355/unable-to-sign-on-using-custom-policy.html?childToView=122370#comment-122370)
diff --git a/doc/administration/incoming_email.md b/doc/administration/incoming_email.md
index efa9f49a1da..dbbf36916dc 100644
--- a/doc/administration/incoming_email.md
+++ b/doc/administration/incoming_email.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ GitLab has several features based on receiving incoming email messages:
 - [New merge request by email](../user/project/merge_requests/creating_merge_requests.md#new-merge-request-by-email):
   allow GitLab users to create a new merge request by sending an email to a
   user-specific email address.
-- [Service Desk](../user/project/service_desk.md): provide e-mail support to
+- [Service Desk](../user/project/service_desk.md): provide email support to
   your customers through GitLab.
 
 ## Requirements
diff --git a/doc/administration/troubleshooting/debug.md b/doc/administration/troubleshooting/debug.md
index 6861cdcde4e..748bc95aa6c 100644
--- a/doc/administration/troubleshooting/debug.md
+++ b/doc/administration/troubleshooting/debug.md
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ an SMTP server, but you're not seeing mail delivered. Here's how to check the se
    irb(main):003:0> Notify.test_email('youremail@email.com', 'Hello World', 'This is a test message').deliver_now
    ```
 
-   If you do not receive an e-mail and/or see an error message, then check
+   If you do not receive an email and/or see an error message, then check
    your mail server settings.
 
 ## Advanced Issues
diff --git a/doc/api/import.md b/doc/api/import.md
index e1585d02ae3..d556c8af971 100644
--- a/doc/api/import.md
+++ b/doc/api/import.md
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ POST /import/github
 | `repo_id`   | integer | yes      | GitHub repository ID     |
 | `new_name`   | string | no      | New repository name     |
 | `target_namespace`   | string | yes      | Namespace to import repository into. Supports subgroups like `/namespace/subgroup`.     |
-| `github_hostname`   | string  | no  | Custom GitHub enterprise hostname. Defaults to GitHub.com if `github_hostname` is not set. |
+| `github_hostname`   | string  | no  | Custom GitHub Enterprise hostname. Do not set for GitHub.com. |
 
 ```shell
 curl --request POST \
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ curl --request POST \
     "personal_access_token": "aBc123abC12aBc123abC12abC123+_A/c123",
     "repo_id": "12345",
     "target_namespace": "group/subgroup",
-    "new_name": "NEW-NAME"
+    "new_name": "NEW-NAME",
+    "github_hostname": "https://github.example.com"
 }'
 ```
 
diff --git a/doc/api/members.md b/doc/api/members.md
index 19a6a2d9e38..560fc8262c0 100644
--- a/doc/api/members.md
+++ b/doc/api/members.md
@@ -262,16 +262,18 @@ GET /groups/:id/billable_members
 
 The supported values for the `sort` attribute are:
 
-| Value               | Description              |
-| ------------------- | ------------------------ |
-| `access_level_asc`  | Access level, ascending  |
-| `access_level_desc` | Access level, descending |
-| `last_joined`       | Last joined              |
-| `name_asc`          | Name, ascending          |
-| `name_desc`         | Name, descending         |
-| `oldest_joined`     | Oldest joined            |
-| `oldest_sign_in`    | Oldest sign in           |
-| `recent_sign_in`    | Recent sign in           |
+| Value                   | Description                  |
+| ----------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| `access_level_asc`      | Access level, ascending      |
+| `access_level_desc`     | Access level, descending     |
+| `last_joined`           | Last joined                  |
+| `name_asc`              | Name, ascending              |
+| `name_desc`             | Name, descending             |
+| `oldest_joined`         | Oldest joined                |
+| `oldest_sign_in`        | Oldest sign in               |
+| `recent_sign_in`        | Recent sign in               |
+| `last_activity_on_asc`  | Last active date, ascending  |
+| `last_activity_on_desc` | Last active date, descending |
 
 ```shell
 curl --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: <your_access_token>" "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/groups/:id/billable_members"
diff --git a/doc/api/settings.md b/doc/api/settings.md
index 8225713fc00..ce62cd193f7 100644
--- a/doc/api/settings.md
+++ b/doc/api/settings.md
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ listed in the descriptions of the relevant settings.
 | `disabled_oauth_sign_in_sources`         | array of strings | no                                   | Disabled OAuth sign-in sources. |
 | `dns_rebinding_protection_enabled`       | boolean          | no                                   | Enforce DNS rebinding attack protection. |
 | `domain_denylist_enabled`                | boolean          | no                                   | (**If enabled, requires:** `domain_denylist`) Allows blocking sign-ups from emails from specific domains. |
-| `domain_denylist`                        | array of strings | no                                   | Users with e-mail addresses that match these domain(s) **cannot** sign up. Wildcards allowed. Use separate lines for multiple entries. Ex: `domain.com`, `*.domain.com`. |
+| `domain_denylist`                        | array of strings | no                                   | Users with email addresses that match these domain(s) **cannot** sign up. Wildcards allowed. Use separate lines for multiple entries. Ex: `domain.com`, `*.domain.com`. |
 | `domain_allowlist`                       | array of strings | no                                   | Force people to use only corporate emails for sign-up. Default is `null`, meaning there is no restriction. |
 | `dsa_key_restriction`                    | integer          | no                                   | The minimum allowed bit length of an uploaded DSA key. Default is `0` (no restriction). `-1` disables DSA keys. |
 | `ecdsa_key_restriction`                  | integer          | no                                   | The minimum allowed curve size (in bits) of an uploaded ECDSA key. Default is `0` (no restriction). `-1` disables ECDSA keys. |
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ listed in the descriptions of the relevant settings.
 | `unique_ips_limit_time_window`           | integer          | required by: `unique_ips_limit_enabled` | How many seconds an IP is counted towards the limit. |
 | `usage_ping_enabled`                     | boolean          | no                                   | Every week GitLab reports license usage back to GitLab, Inc. |
 | `user_default_external`                  | boolean          | no                                   | Newly registered users are external by default. |
-| `user_default_internal_regex`            | string           | no                                   | Specify an e-mail address regex pattern to identify default internal users. |
+| `user_default_internal_regex`            | string           | no                                   | Specify an email address regex pattern to identify default internal users. |
 | `user_oauth_applications`                | boolean          | no                                   | Allow users to register any application to use GitLab as an OAuth provider. |
 | `user_show_add_ssh_key_message`          | boolean          | no                                   | When set to `false` disable the `You won't be able to pull or push project code via SSH` warning shown to users with no uploaded SSH key. |
 | `version_check_enabled`                  | boolean          | no                                   | Let GitLab inform you when an update is available. |
diff --git a/doc/api/users.md b/doc/api/users.md
index 0e7b197b106..0d922487cf9 100644
--- a/doc/api/users.md
+++ b/doc/api/users.md
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ Parameters:
 
 - `id` (required) - ID of specified user
 - `email` (required) - email address
-- `skip_confirmation` (optional) - Skip confirmation and assume e-mail is verified - true or false (default)
+- `skip_confirmation` (optional) - Skip confirmation and assume email is verified - true or false (default)
 
 ## Delete email for current user
 
diff --git a/doc/development/contributing/style_guides.md b/doc/development/contributing/style_guides.md
index 20e47b501e6..20f24b0fafc 100644
--- a/doc/development/contributing/style_guides.md
+++ b/doc/development/contributing/style_guides.md
@@ -91,8 +91,32 @@ To skip some checks based on tags when pushing, you can set the `LEFTHOOK_EXCLUD
 LEFTHOOK_EXCLUDE=frontend,documentation git push ...
 ```
 
+As an alternative, you can create `lefthook-local.yml` with this structure:
+
+```yaml
+pre-push:
+  exclude_tags:
+    - frontend
+    - documentation
+```
+
 For more information, check out [Lefthook documentation](https://github.com/Arkweid/lefthook/blob/master/docs/full_guide.md#skip-some-tags-on-the-fly).
 
+### Skip or enable a specific Lefthook check
+
+To skip or enable a check based on its name when pushing, you can add `skip: true`
+or `skip: false` to the `lefthook-local.yml` section for that hook. For instance,
+you might want to enable the gettext check to detect issues with `locale/gitlab.pot`:
+
+```yaml
+pre-push:
+  commands:
+    gettext:
+      skip: false
+```
+
+For more information, check out [this Lefthook documentation section](https://github.com/evilmartians/lefthook/blob/master/docs/full_guide.md#skipping-commands).
+
 ## Ruby, Rails, RSpec
 
 Our codebase style is defined and enforced by [RuboCop](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop).
diff --git a/doc/development/documentation/styleguide/word_list.md b/doc/development/documentation/styleguide/word_list.md
index cd2ee5b83dd..a3b877a18d9 100644
--- a/doc/development/documentation/styleguide/word_list.md
+++ b/doc/development/documentation/styleguide/word_list.md
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ Do not use. If the user doesn't find the process to be these things, we lose the
 
 Do not use Latin abbreviations. Use **for example**, **such as**, **for instance**, or **like** instead. ([Vale](../testing.md#vale) rule: [`LatinTerms.yml`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/doc/.vale/gitlab/LatinTerms.yml))
 
+## email
+
+Do not use **e-mail** with a hyphen. When plural, use **emails** or **email messages**.
+
 ## enable
 
 See [the Microsoft style guide](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/style-guide/a-z-word-list-term-collections/e/enable-enables) for guidance.
diff --git a/doc/development/scalability.md b/doc/development/scalability.md
index b260618c220..675f0968ec5 100644
--- a/doc/development/scalability.md
+++ b/doc/development/scalability.md
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Ruby on Rails applications. In GitLab, Sidekiq performs the heavy
 lifting of many activities, including:
 
 - Updating merge requests after a push.
-- Sending e-mails.
+- Sending email messages.
 - Updating user authorizations.
 - Processing CI builds and pipelines.
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ in a timely manner:
   this to `ProcessCommitWorker`.
 - Redistribute/gerrymander Sidekiq processes by queue
   types. Long-running jobs (for example, relating to project import) can often
-  squeeze out jobs that run fast (for example, delivering e-mail). [This technique
+  squeeze out jobs that run fast (for example, delivering email). [This technique
   was used in to optimize our existing Sidekiq deployment](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/7219#note_218019483).
 - Optimize jobs. Eliminating unnecessary work, reducing network calls
   (including SQL and Gitaly), and optimizing processor time can yield significant
diff --git a/doc/integration/shibboleth.md b/doc/integration/shibboleth.md
index c4cf19747be..c52535c297d 100644
--- a/doc/integration/shibboleth.md
+++ b/doc/integration/shibboleth.md
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ The following changes are needed to enable Shibboleth:
    your users appear to be authenticated by Shibboleth and Apache, but GitLab
    rejects their account with a URI that contains "e-mail is invalid" then your
    Shibboleth Identity Provider or Attribute Authority may be asserting multiple
-   e-mail addresses. In this instance, you might consider setting the
+   email addresses. In this instance, you might consider setting the
    `multi_values` argument to `first`.
 
    The file should look like this:
diff --git a/doc/operations/feature_flags.md b/doc/operations/feature_flags.md
index 5df787142fd..326d026f23f 100644
--- a/doc/operations/feature_flags.md
+++ b/doc/operations/feature_flags.md
@@ -392,10 +392,10 @@ end
 
 > - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/36617) in GitLab 13.2.
 > - [Feature flag removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/251234) in GitLab 13.5.
-> - [Updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/220333) in GitLab 14.1
+> - Showing related feature flags in issues [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/220333) in GitLab 14.1.
 
 You can link related issues to a feature flag. In the **Linked issues** section,
 click the `+` button and input the issue reference number or the full URL of the issue.
-The issue(s) will then appear in the related feautre flag and vice versa.
+The issues then appear in the related feature flag and the other way round.
 
 This feature is similar to the [linked issues](../user/project/issues/related_issues.md) feature.
diff --git a/doc/user/admin_area/review_abuse_reports.md b/doc/user/admin_area/review_abuse_reports.md
index a179eb70453..7816d0648b2 100644
--- a/doc/user/admin_area/review_abuse_reports.md
+++ b/doc/user/admin_area/review_abuse_reports.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ reports in the Admin Area.
 
 ## Receiving notifications of abuse reports
 
-To receive notifications of new abuse reports by e-mail, follow these steps:
+To receive notifications of new abuse reports by email, follow these steps:
 
 1. On the top bar, select **Menu >** **{admin}** **Admin**.
 1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Reporting**.
diff --git a/doc/user/group/settings/import_export.md b/doc/user/group/settings/import_export.md
index 1d5db6757bc..94a79ec6e74 100644
--- a/doc/user/group/settings/import_export.md
+++ b/doc/user/group/settings/import_export.md
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ For more details on the specific data persisted in a group export, see the
 
    ![Export group panel](img/export_panel_v13_0.png)
 
-1. After the export is generated, you should receive an e-mail with a link to the [exported contents](#exported-contents)
+1. After the export is generated, you should receive an email with a link to the [exported contents](#exported-contents)
    in a compressed tar archive, with contents in NDJSON format.
 
 1. Alternatively, you can come back to the project settings and download the
diff --git a/doc/user/project/import/bitbucket_server.md b/doc/user/project/import/bitbucket_server.md
index 963b9f524ff..3a28b3c8afa 100644
--- a/doc/user/project/import/bitbucket_server.md
+++ b/doc/user/project/import/bitbucket_server.md
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The Bitbucket Server importer works as follows:
 ### User assignment
 
 When issues/pull requests are being imported, the Bitbucket importer tries to
-find the author's e-mail address with a confirmed e-mail address in the GitLab
+find the author's email address with a confirmed email address in the GitLab
 user database. If no such user is available, the project creator is set as
 the author. The importer appends a note in the comment to mark the original
 creator.
diff --git a/doc/user/project/merge_requests/creating_merge_requests.md b/doc/user/project/merge_requests/creating_merge_requests.md
index 430c6488b26..c1bff994522 100644
--- a/doc/user/project/merge_requests/creating_merge_requests.md
+++ b/doc/user/project/merge_requests/creating_merge_requests.md
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ _In GitLab 11.7, we updated the format of the generated email address.
 However the older format is still supported, allowing existing aliases
 or contacts to continue working._
 
-### Adding patches when creating a merge request via e-mail
+### Adding patches when creating a merge request via email
 
 > [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/22723) in GitLab 11.5.
 
diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/lets_encrypt_for_gitlab_pages.md b/doc/user/project/pages/lets_encrypt_for_gitlab_pages.md
index ce49699785e..978e35b3a9f 100644
--- a/doc/user/project/pages/lets_encrypt_for_gitlab_pages.md
+++ b/doc/user/project/pages/lets_encrypt_for_gitlab_pages.md
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ might be slightly different. Follow the
    sudo certbot certonly -a manual -d example.com --email your@email.com
    ```
 
-   Alternatively, you can register without adding an e-mail account,
+   Alternatively, you can register without adding an email account,
    but you aren't notified about the certificate expiration's date:
 
    ```shell
diff --git a/doc/user/project/service_desk.md b/doc/user/project/service_desk.md
index 2021137c8a5..dc8bfdfef42 100644
--- a/doc/user/project/service_desk.md
+++ b/doc/user/project/service_desk.md
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ The configuration options are the same as for configuring
 > Introduced in [GitLab 13.11](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/214900)
 
 Service Desk can be configured to read Microsoft Exchange Online mailboxes with the Microsoft
-Graph API instead of IMAP. Follow the [documentation in the incoming e-mail section for setting up an OAuth2 application for Microsoft Graph](../../administration/incoming_email.md#microsoft-graph).
+Graph API instead of IMAP. Follow the [documentation in the incoming email section for setting up an OAuth2 application for Microsoft Graph](../../administration/incoming_email.md#microsoft-graph).
 
 - Example for Omnibus GitLab installations:
 
diff --git a/doc/user/project/settings/import_export.md b/doc/user/project/settings/import_export.md
index 08d00149037..b9f048e6536 100644
--- a/doc/user/project/settings/import_export.md
+++ b/doc/user/project/settings/import_export.md
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ To export a project and its data, follow these steps:
 
    ![Export button](img/import_export_export_button.png)
 
-1. Once the export is generated, you should receive an e-mail with a link to
+1. Once the export is generated, you should receive an email with a link to
    download the file:
 
    ![Email download link](img/import_export_mail_link.png)
diff --git a/lefthook.yml b/lefthook.yml
index daab6e7f4a0..81ff2ecdada 100644
--- a/lefthook.yml
+++ b/lefthook.yml
@@ -38,3 +38,9 @@ pre-push:
       files: git diff --name-only --diff-filter=d $(git merge-base origin/master HEAD)..HEAD
       glob: 'doc/*.md'
       run: if command -v vale 2> /dev/null; then vale --config .vale.ini --minAlertLevel error {files}; else echo "Vale not found. Install Vale"; fi
+    gettext:
+      skip: true # This is disabled by default. You can enable this check by adding skip: false in lefhook-local.yml https://github.com/evilmartians/lefthook/blob/master/docs/full_guide.md#skipping-commands
+      tags: backend frontend view haml
+      files: git diff --name-only --diff-filter=d $(git merge-base origin/master HEAD)..HEAD | while read file;do git diff --unified=1 $(git merge-base origin/master HEAD)..HEAD $file | grep -Fqe '_(' && echo $file;done; true
+      glob: "*.{haml,rb,js,vue}"
+      run: bin/rake gettext:updated_check
diff --git a/lib/gitlab/backup_logger.rb b/lib/gitlab/backup_logger.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fad36b860ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/gitlab/backup_logger.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Gitlab
+  class BackupLogger < Gitlab::JsonLogger
+    def self.file_name_noext
+      'backup_json'
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler.rb b/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler.rb
index 2187c01acfb..3cd369f9a2c 100644
--- a/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler.rb
+++ b/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler.rb
@@ -42,10 +42,6 @@ module Gitlab
           end
         end
 
-        def metrics_params
-          super.merge(project: project&.full_path)
-        end
-
         def metrics_event
           :receive_email_service_desk
         end
diff --git a/lib/tasks/gitlab/backup.rake b/lib/tasks/gitlab/backup.rake
index 5b17a8c185a..fff4927e6b1 100644
--- a/lib/tasks/gitlab/backup.rake
+++ b/lib/tasks/gitlab/backup.rake
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ namespace :gitlab do
 
     def puts_time(msg)
       progress.puts "#{Time.now} -- #{msg}"
+      Gitlab::BackupLogger.info(message: "#{Rainbow.uncolor(msg)}")
     end
 
     def progress
diff --git a/spec/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler_spec.rb b/spec/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler_spec.rb
index f6b618163f0..12a2dda2855 100644
--- a/spec/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/gitlab/email/handler/service_desk_handler_spec.rb
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ RSpec.describe Gitlab::Email::Handler::ServiceDeskHandler do
       it 'adds metric events for incoming and reply emails' do
         metric_transaction = double('Gitlab::Metrics::WebTransaction', increment: true, observe: true)
         allow(::Gitlab::Metrics::BackgroundTransaction).to receive(:current).and_return(metric_transaction)
-        expect(metric_transaction).to receive(:add_event).with(:receive_email_service_desk, anything)
+        expect(metric_transaction).to receive(:add_event).with(:receive_email_service_desk, { handler: 'Gitlab::Email::Handler::ServiceDeskHandler' })
         expect(metric_transaction).to receive(:add_event).with(:service_desk_thank_you_email)
 
         receiver.execute
diff --git a/spec/models/member_spec.rb b/spec/models/member_spec.rb
index 600fe96c3f9..1727a9f89f3 100644
--- a/spec/models/member_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/member_spec.rb
@@ -508,282 +508,6 @@ RSpec.describe Member do
     end
   end
 
-  describe '.add_user' do
-    %w[project group].each do |source_type|
-      context "when source is a #{source_type}" do
-        let_it_be(:source, reload: true) { create(source_type, :public) }
-        let_it_be(:user) { create(:user) }
-        let_it_be(:admin) { create(:admin) }
-
-        it 'returns a <Source>Member object' do
-          member = described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer)
-
-          expect(member).to be_a "#{source_type.classify}Member".constantize
-          expect(member).to be_persisted
-        end
-
-        context 'when admin mode is enabled', :enable_admin_mode do
-          it 'sets members.created_by to the given admin current_user' do
-            member = described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin)
-
-            expect(member.created_by).to eq(admin)
-          end
-        end
-
-        context 'when admin mode is disabled' do
-          it 'rejects setting members.created_by to the given admin current_user' do
-            member = described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin)
-
-            expect(member.created_by).to be_nil
-          end
-        end
-
-        it 'sets members.expires_at to the given expires_at' do
-          member = described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, expires_at: Date.new(2016, 9, 22))
-
-          expect(member.expires_at).to eq(Date.new(2016, 9, 22))
-        end
-
-        described_class.access_levels.each do |sym_key, int_access_level|
-          it "accepts the :#{sym_key} symbol as access level" do
-            expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-            member = described_class.add_user(source, user.id, sym_key)
-
-            expect(member.access_level).to eq(int_access_level)
-            expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-          end
-
-          it "accepts the #{int_access_level} integer as access level" do
-            expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-            member = described_class.add_user(source, user.id, int_access_level)
-
-            expect(member.access_level).to eq(int_access_level)
-            expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-          end
-        end
-
-        context 'with no current_user' do
-          context 'when called with a known user id' do
-            it 'adds the user as a member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user.id, :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with an unknown user id' do
-            it 'adds the user as a member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, non_existing_record_id, :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with a user object' do
-            it 'adds the user as a member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with a requester user object' do
-            before do
-              source.request_access(user)
-            end
-
-            it 'adds the requester as a member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-              expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
-
-              expect { described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer) }
-                .to raise_error(Gitlab::Access::AccessDeniedError)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
-              expect(source.requesters.reload.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with a known user email' do
-            it 'adds the user as a member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user.email, :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with a known user secondary email' do
-            let(:secondary_email) { create(:email, email: 'secondary@example.com', user: user) }
-
-            it 'adds the user as a member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, secondary_email.email, :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with an unknown user email' do
-            it 'creates an invited member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, 'user@example.com', :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.members.invite.pluck(:invite_email)).to include('user@example.com')
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with an unknown user email starting with a number' do
-            it 'creates an invited member', :aggregate_failures do
-              email_starting_with_number = "#{user.id}_email@example.com"
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, email_starting_with_number, :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.members.invite.pluck(:invite_email)).to include(email_starting_with_number)
-              expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        context 'when current_user can update member', :enable_admin_mode do
-          it 'creates the member' do
-            expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-            described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin)
-
-            expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with a requester user object' do
-            before do
-              source.request_access(user)
-            end
-
-            it 'adds the requester as a member' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-              expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
-              expect(source.requesters.reload.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_falsy
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        context 'when current_user cannot update member' do
-          it 'does not create the member' do
-            expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-
-            member = described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: user)
-
-            expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
-            expect(member).not_to be_persisted
-          end
-
-          context 'when called with a requester user object' do
-            before do
-              source.request_access(user)
-            end
-
-            it 'does not destroy the requester' do
-              expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
-              expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: user)
-
-              expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
-              expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        context 'when member already exists' do
-          before do
-            source.add_user(user, :developer)
-          end
-
-          context 'with no current_user' do
-            it 'updates the member' do
-              expect(source.users).to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer)
-
-              expect(source.members.find_by(user_id: user).access_level).to eq(Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER)
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when current_user can update member', :enable_admin_mode do
-            it 'updates the member' do
-              expect(source.users).to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin)
-
-              expect(source.members.find_by(user_id: user).access_level).to eq(Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER)
-            end
-          end
-
-          context 'when current_user cannot update member' do
-            it 'does not update the member' do
-              expect(source.users).to include(user)
-
-              described_class.add_user(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: user)
-
-              expect(source.members.find_by(user_id: user).access_level).to eq(Gitlab::Access::DEVELOPER)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe '.add_users' do
-    %w[project group].each do |source_type|
-      context "when source is a #{source_type}" do
-        let_it_be(:source) { create(source_type, :public) }
-        let_it_be(:admin) { create(:admin) }
-        let_it_be(:user1) { create(:user) }
-        let_it_be(:user2) { create(:user) }
-
-        it 'returns a <Source>Member objects' do
-          members = described_class.add_users(source, [user1, user2], :maintainer)
-
-          expect(members).to be_a Array
-          expect(members.size).to eq(2)
-          expect(members.first).to be_a "#{source_type.classify}Member".constantize
-          expect(members.first).to be_persisted
-        end
-
-        it 'returns an empty array' do
-          members = described_class.add_users(source, [], :maintainer)
-
-          expect(members).to be_a Array
-          expect(members).to be_empty
-        end
-
-        it 'supports differents formats' do
-          list = ['joe@local.test', admin, user1.id, user2.id.to_s]
-
-          members = described_class.add_users(source, list, :maintainer)
-
-          expect(members.size).to eq(4)
-          expect(members.first).to be_invite
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
   describe '#accept_request' do
     let(:member) { create(:project_member, requested_at: Time.current.utc) }
 
diff --git a/spec/models/members/group_member_spec.rb b/spec/models/members/group_member_spec.rb
index 8c942228059..472f4280d26 100644
--- a/spec/models/members/group_member_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/members/group_member_spec.rb
@@ -47,27 +47,6 @@ RSpec.describe GroupMember do
     end
   end
 
-  describe '.access_levels' do
-    it 'returns Gitlab::Access.options_with_owner' do
-      expect(described_class.access_levels).to eq(Gitlab::Access.sym_options_with_owner)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe '.add_users' do
-    it 'adds the given users to the given group' do
-      group = create(:group)
-      users = create_list(:user, 2)
-
-      described_class.add_users(
-        group,
-        [users.first.id, users.second],
-        described_class::MAINTAINER
-      )
-
-      expect(group.users).to include(users.first, users.second)
-    end
-  end
-
   it_behaves_like 'members notifications', :group
 
   describe '#namespace_id' do
diff --git a/spec/models/members/project_member_spec.rb b/spec/models/members/project_member_spec.rb
index b84b408cb4b..4c59bda856f 100644
--- a/spec/models/members/project_member_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/members/project_member_spec.rb
@@ -23,19 +23,6 @@ RSpec.describe ProjectMember do
     end
   end
 
-  describe '.add_user' do
-    it 'adds the user as a member' do
-      user = create(:user)
-      project = create(:project)
-
-      expect(project.users).not_to include(user)
-
-      described_class.add_user(project, user, :maintainer, current_user: project.owner)
-
-      expect(project.users.reload).to include(user)
-    end
-  end
-
   describe '#real_source_type' do
     subject { create(:project_member).real_source_type }
 
diff --git a/spec/services/members/groups/creator_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/members/groups/creator_service_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4427c4e7d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/services/members/groups/creator_service_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Members::Groups::CreatorService do
+  it_behaves_like 'member creation' do
+    let_it_be(:source, reload: true) { create(:group, :public) }
+    let_it_be(:member_type) { GroupMember }
+  end
+
+  describe '.access_levels' do
+    it 'returns Gitlab::Access.options_with_owner' do
+      expect(described_class.access_levels).to eq(Gitlab::Access.sym_options_with_owner)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/services/members/projects/creator_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/members/projects/creator_service_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c6917a21bcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/services/members/projects/creator_service_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Members::Projects::CreatorService do
+  it_behaves_like 'member creation' do
+    let_it_be(:source, reload: true) { create(:project, :public) }
+    let_it_be(:member_type) { ProjectMember }
+  end
+
+  describe '.access_levels' do
+    it 'returns Gitlab::Access.sym_options' do
+      expect(described_class.access_levels).to eq(Gitlab::Access.sym_options)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/support/shared_examples/models/member_shared_examples.rb b/spec/support/shared_examples/models/member_shared_examples.rb
index 7ede6f0d8d4..c111d250d34 100644
--- a/spec/support/shared_examples/models/member_shared_examples.rb
+++ b/spec/support/shared_examples/models/member_shared_examples.rb
@@ -75,3 +75,259 @@ RSpec.shared_examples '#valid_level_roles' do |entity_name|
     expect(presenter.valid_level_roles).to eq(expected_roles)
   end
 end
+
+RSpec.shared_examples_for "member creation" do
+  let_it_be(:user) { create(:user) }
+  let_it_be(:admin) { create(:admin) }
+
+  describe '#execute' do
+    it 'returns a Member object', :aggregate_failures do
+      member = described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer).execute
+
+      expect(member).to be_a member_type
+      expect(member).to be_persisted
+    end
+
+    context 'when admin mode is enabled', :enable_admin_mode do
+      it 'sets members.created_by to the given admin current_user' do
+        member = described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin).execute
+
+        expect(member.created_by).to eq(admin)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when admin mode is disabled' do
+      it 'rejects setting members.created_by to the given admin current_user' do
+        member = described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin).execute
+
+        expect(member.created_by).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'sets members.expires_at to the given expires_at' do
+      member = described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, expires_at: Date.new(2016, 9, 22)).execute
+
+      expect(member.expires_at).to eq(Date.new(2016, 9, 22))
+    end
+
+    described_class.access_levels.each do |sym_key, int_access_level|
+      it "accepts the :#{sym_key} symbol as access level", :aggregate_failures do
+        expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+        member = described_class.new(source, user.id, sym_key).execute
+
+        expect(member.access_level).to eq(int_access_level)
+        expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
+      end
+
+      it "accepts the #{int_access_level} integer as access level", :aggregate_failures do
+        expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+        member = described_class.new(source, user.id, int_access_level).execute
+
+        expect(member.access_level).to eq(int_access_level)
+        expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'with no current_user' do
+      context 'when called with a known user id' do
+        it 'adds the user as a member' do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, user.id, :maintainer).execute
+
+          expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with an unknown user id' do
+        it 'adds the user as a member' do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, non_existing_record_id, :maintainer).execute
+
+          expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with a user object' do
+        it 'adds the user as a member' do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer).execute
+
+          expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with a requester user object' do
+        before do
+          source.request_access(user)
+        end
+
+        it 'adds the requester as a member', :aggregate_failures do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+          expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
+
+          expect do
+            described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer).execute
+          end.to raise_error(Gitlab::Access::AccessDeniedError)
+
+          expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
+          expect(source.requesters.reload.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with a known user email' do
+        it 'adds the user as a member' do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, user.email, :maintainer).execute
+
+          expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with an unknown user email' do
+        it 'creates an invited member' do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, 'user@example.com', :maintainer).execute
+
+          expect(source.members.invite.pluck(:invite_email)).to include('user@example.com')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with an unknown user email starting with a number' do
+        it 'creates an invited member', :aggregate_failures do
+          email_starting_with_number = "#{user.id}_email@example.com"
+
+          described_class.new(source, email_starting_with_number, :maintainer).execute
+
+          expect(source.members.invite.pluck(:invite_email)).to include(email_starting_with_number)
+          expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when current_user can update member', :enable_admin_mode do
+      it 'creates the member' do
+        expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+        described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin).execute
+
+        expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with a requester user object' do
+        before do
+          source.request_access(user)
+        end
+
+        it 'adds the requester as a member', :aggregate_failures do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+          expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
+
+          described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin).execute
+
+          expect(source.users.reload).to include(user)
+          expect(source.requesters.reload.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_falsy
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when current_user cannot update member' do
+      it 'does not create the member', :aggregate_failures do
+        expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+
+        member = described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: user).execute
+
+        expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
+        expect(member).not_to be_persisted
+      end
+
+      context 'when called with a requester user object' do
+        before do
+          source.request_access(user)
+        end
+
+        it 'does not destroy the requester', :aggregate_failures do
+          expect(source.users).not_to include(user)
+          expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
+
+          described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: user).execute
+
+          expect(source.users.reload).not_to include(user)
+          expect(source.requesters.exists?(user_id: user)).to be_truthy
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when member already exists' do
+      before do
+        source.add_user(user, :developer)
+      end
+
+      context 'with no current_user' do
+        it 'updates the member' do
+          expect(source.users).to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer).execute
+
+          expect(source.members.find_by(user_id: user).access_level).to eq(Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when current_user can update member', :enable_admin_mode do
+        it 'updates the member' do
+          expect(source.users).to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: admin).execute
+
+          expect(source.members.find_by(user_id: user).access_level).to eq(Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when current_user cannot update member' do
+        it 'does not update the member' do
+          expect(source.users).to include(user)
+
+          described_class.new(source, user, :maintainer, current_user: user).execute
+
+          expect(source.members.find_by(user_id: user).access_level).to eq(Gitlab::Access::DEVELOPER)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.add_users' do
+    let_it_be(:user1) { create(:user) }
+    let_it_be(:user2) { create(:user) }
+
+    it 'returns a Member objects' do
+      members = described_class.add_users(source, [user1, user2], :maintainer)
+
+      expect(members).to be_a Array
+      expect(members.size).to eq(2)
+      expect(members.first).to be_a member_type
+      expect(members.first).to be_persisted
+    end
+
+    it 'returns an empty array' do
+      members = described_class.add_users(source, [], :maintainer)
+
+      expect(members).to be_a Array
+      expect(members).to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it 'supports different formats' do
+      list = ['joe@local.test', admin, user1.id, user2.id.to_s]
+
+      members = described_class.add_users(source, list, :maintainer)
+
+      expect(members.size).to eq(4)
+      expect(members.first).to be_invite
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/tasks/gitlab/backup_rake_spec.rb b/spec/tasks/gitlab/backup_rake_spec.rb
index e5a210bb344..7c708689acb 100644
--- a/spec/tasks/gitlab/backup_rake_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/tasks/gitlab/backup_rake_spec.rb
@@ -209,6 +209,23 @@ RSpec.describe 'gitlab:app namespace rake task', :delete do
             expect { run_rake_task("gitlab:backup:#{task}:create") }.to output(/Dumping /).to_stdout_from_any_process
           end
         end
+
+        it 'logs the progress to log file' do
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping database ... ")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "[SKIPPED]")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping repositories ...")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping uploads ... ")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping builds ... ")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping artifacts ... ")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping pages ... ")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping lfs objects ... ")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "Dumping container registry images ... ")
+          expect(Gitlab::BackupLogger).to receive(:info).with(message: "done").exactly(7).times
+
+          task_list.each do |task|
+            run_rake_task("gitlab:backup:#{task}:create")
+          end
+        end
       end
     end