GitLab Performance Monitoring is now able to track custom events not
directly related to application performance. These events include the
number of tags pushed, repositories created, builds registered, etc.
The use of these events is to get a better overview of how a GitLab
instance is used and how that may affect performance. For example, a
large number of Git pushes may have a negative impact on the underlying
storage engine.
Events are stored in the "events" measurement and are not prefixed with
"rails_" or "sidekiq_", this makes it easier to query events with the
same name triggered from different parts of the application. All events
being stored in the same measurement also makes it easier to downsample
data.
Currently the following events are tracked:
* Creating repositories
* Removing repositories
* Changing the default branch of a repository
* Pushing a new tag
* Removing an existing tag
* Pushing a commit (along with the branch being pushed to)
* Pushing a new branch
* Removing an existing branch
* Importing a repository (along with the URL we're importing)
* Forking a repository (along with the source/target path)
* CI builds registered (and when no build could be found)
* CI builds being updated
* Rails and Sidekiq exceptions
Fixesgitlab-org/gitlab-ce#13720
Process.clock_gettime allows getting the real time in nanoseconds as
well as allowing one to get a monotonic timestamp. This offers greater
accuracy without the overhead of having to allocate a Time instance. In
general using Time.now/Time.new is about 2x slower than using
Process.clock_gettime(). For example:
require 'benchmark/ips'
Benchmark.ips do |bench|
bench.report 'Time.now' do
Time.now.to_f
end
bench.report 'clock_gettime' do
Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC, :millisecond)
end
bench.compare!
end
Running this benchmark gives:
Calculating -------------------------------------
Time.now 108.052k i/100ms
clock_gettime 125.984k i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
Time.now 2.343M (± 7.1%) i/s - 11.670M
clock_gettime 4.979M (± 0.8%) i/s - 24.945M
Comparison:
clock_gettime: 4979393.8 i/s
Time.now: 2342986.8 i/s - 2.13x slower
Another benefit of using Process.clock_gettime() is that we can simplify
the code a bit since it can give timestamps in nanoseconds out of the
box.
This changes the timestamp of metrics to be more accurate/unique by
using Time#to_f combined with a small random jitter value. This
combination hopefully reduces the amount of collisions, though there's
no way to fully prevent any from occurring.
Fixesgitlab-com/operations#175
While it's useful to keep track of the different versions (Ruby, GitLab,
etc) doing so for every point wastes disk space and possibly also RAM
(which InfluxDB is all to eager to gobble up). If we want to see the
performance differences between different GitLab versions simply looking
at the performance since the last release date should suffice.
This removes the need for Sidekiq and any overhead/problems introduced
by TCP. There are a few things to take into account:
1. When writing data to InfluxDB you may still get an error if the
server becomes unavailable during the write. Because of this we're
catching all exceptions and just ignore them (for now).
2. Writing via UDP apparently requires the timestamp to be in
nanoseconds. Without this data either isn't written properly.
3. Due to the restrictions on UDP buffer sizes we're writing metrics one
by one, instead of writing all of them at once.
This adds the ability to write application metrics (e.g. SQL timings) to
InfluxDB. These metrics can in turn be visualized using Grafana, or
really anything else that can read from InfluxDB. These metrics can be
used to track application performance over time, between different Ruby
versions, different GitLab versions, etc.
== Transaction Metrics
Currently the following is tracked on a per transaction basis (a
transaction is a Rails request or a single Sidekiq job):
* Timings per query along with the raw (obfuscated) SQL and information
about what file the query originated from.
* Timings per view along with the path of the view and information about
what file triggered the rendering process.
* The duration of a request itself along with the controller/worker
class and method name.
* The duration of any instrumented method calls (more below).
== Sampled Metrics
Certain metrics can't be directly associated with a transaction. For
example, a process' total memory usage is unrelated to any running
transactions. While a transaction can result in the memory usage going
up there's no accurate way to determine what transaction is to blame,
this becomes especially problematic in multi-threaded environments.
To solve this problem there's a separate thread that takes samples at a
fixed interval. This thread (using the class Gitlab::Metrics::Sampler)
currently tracks the following:
* The process' total memory usage.
* The number of file descriptors opened by the process.
* The amount of Ruby objects (using ObjectSpace.count_objects).
* GC statistics such as timings, heap slots, etc.
The default/current interval is 15 seconds, any smaller interval might
put too much pressure on InfluxDB (especially when running dozens of
processes).
== Method Instrumentation
While currently not yet used methods can be instrumented to track how
long they take to run. Unlike the likes of New Relic this doesn't
require modifying the source code (e.g. including modules), it all
happens from the outside. For example, to track `User.by_login` we'd add
the following code somewhere in an initializer:
Gitlab::Metrics::Instrumentation.
instrument_method(User, :by_login)
to instead instrument an instance method:
Gitlab::Metrics::Instrumentation.
instrument_instance_method(User, :save)
Instrumentation for either all public model methods or a few crucial
ones will be added in the near future, I simply haven't gotten to doing
so just yet.
== Configuration
By default metrics are disabled. This means users don't have to bother
setting anything up if they don't want to. Metrics can be enabled by
editing one's gitlab.yml configuration file (see
config/gitlab.yml.example for example settings).
== Writing Data To InfluxDB
Because InfluxDB is still a fairly young product I expect the worse.
Data loss, unexpected reboots, the database not responding, you name it.
Because of this data is _not_ written to InfluxDB directly, instead it's
queued and processed by Sidekiq. This ensures that users won't notice
anything when InfluxDB is giving trouble.
The metrics worker can be started in a standalone manner as following:
bundle exec sidekiq -q metrics
The corresponding class is called MetricsWorker.
