---
stage: Enablement
group: Database
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---

# Database guides

## Database Reviews

- If you're creating a database MR for review, check out our [Database review guidelines](../database_review.md).

  It provides an introduction on database-related changes, migrations, and complex SQL queries.

- If you're a database reviewer or want to become one, check out our [introduction to reviewing database changes](database_reviewer_guidelines.md).

## Tooling

- [Understanding EXPLAIN plans](../understanding_explain_plans.md)
- [explain.depesz.com](https://explain.depesz.com/) or [explain.dalibo.com](https://explain.dalibo.com/) for visualizing the output of `EXPLAIN`
- [pgFormatter](https://sqlformat.darold.net/) a PostgreSQL SQL syntax beautifier
- [db:check-migrations job](dbcheck-migrations-job.md)

## Migrations

- [Migrations for multiple databases](migrations_for_multiple_databases.md)
- [Avoiding downtime in migrations](avoiding_downtime_in_migrations.md)
- [SQL guidelines](../sql.md) for working with SQL queries
- [Migrations style guide](../migration_style_guide.md) for creating safe SQL migrations
- [Testing Rails migrations](../testing_guide/testing_migrations_guide.md) guide
- [Post deployment migrations](post_deployment_migrations.md)
- [Background migrations](background_migrations.md)
- [Swapping tables](../swapping_tables.md)
- [Deleting migrations](deleting_migrations.md)
- [Partitioning tables](table_partitioning.md)

## Debugging

- Tracing the source of an SQL query using query comments with [Marginalia](../database_query_comments.md)
- Tracing the source of an SQL query in Rails console using [Verbose Query Logs](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/debugging_rails_applications.html#verbose-query-logs)

## Best practices

- [Adding database indexes](../adding_database_indexes.md)
- [Foreign keys & associations](../foreign_keys.md)
- [Adding a foreign key constraint to an existing column](add_foreign_key_to_existing_column.md)
- [`NOT NULL` constraints](not_null_constraints.md)
- [Strings and the Text data type](strings_and_the_text_data_type.md)
- [Single table inheritance](../single_table_inheritance.md)
- [Polymorphic associations](../polymorphic_associations.md)
- [Serializing data](../serializing_data.md)
- [Hash indexes](../hash_indexes.md)
- [Storing SHA1 hashes as binary](../sha1_as_binary.md)
- [Iterating tables in batches](../iterating_tables_in_batches.md)
- [Insert into tables in batches](../insert_into_tables_in_batches.md)
- [Ordering table columns](../ordering_table_columns.md)
- [Verifying database capabilities](../verifying_database_capabilities.md)
- [Database Debugging and Troubleshooting](../database_debugging.md)
- [Query Count Limits](../query_count_limits.md)
- [Creating enums](../creating_enums.md)
- [Client-side connection-pool](client_side_connection_pool.md)
- [Updating multiple values](setting_multiple_values.md)
- [Constraints naming conventions](constraint_naming_convention.md)
- [Query performance guidelines](../query_performance.md)
- [Pagination guidelines](pagination_guidelines.md)
  - [Pagination performance guidelines](pagination_performance_guidelines.md)
- [Efficient `IN` operator queries](efficient_in_operator_queries.md)
- [Data layout and access patterns](layout_and_access_patterns.md)

## Case studies

- [Database case study: Filtering by label](../filtering_by_label.md)
- [Database case study: Namespaces storage statistics](../namespaces_storage_statistics.md)

## Miscellaneous

- [Maintenance operations](maintenance_operations.md)
- [Update multiple database objects](setting_multiple_values.md)