# frozen_string_literal: true

# The ReactiveCaching concern is used to fetch some data in the background and
# store it in the Rails cache, keeping it up-to-date for as long as it is being
# requested.  If the data hasn't been requested for +reactive_cache_lifetime+,
# it stop being refreshed, and then be removed.
#
# Example of use:
#
#    class Foo < ApplicationRecord
#      include ReactiveCaching
#
#      after_save :clear_reactive_cache!
#
#      def calculate_reactive_cache
#        # Expensive operation here. The return value of this method is cached
#      end
#
#      def result
#        with_reactive_cache do |data|
#          # ...
#        end
#      end
#    end
#
# In this example, the first time `#result` is called, it will return `nil`.
# However, it will enqueue a background worker to call `#calculate_reactive_cache`
# and set an initial cache lifetime of ten minutes.
#
# The background worker needs to find or generate the object on which
# `with_reactive_cache` was called.
# The default behaviour can be overridden by defining a custom
# `reactive_cache_worker_finder`.
# Otherwise the background worker will use the class name and primary key to get
# the object using the ActiveRecord find_by method.
#
#    class Bar
#      include ReactiveCaching
#
#      self.reactive_cache_key = ->() { ["bar", "thing"] }
#      self.reactive_cache_worker_finder = ->(_id, *args) { from_cache(*args) }
#
#      def self.from_cache(var1, var2)
#        # This method will be called by the background worker with "bar1" and
#        # "bar2" as arguments.
#        new(var1, var2)
#      end
#
#      def initialize(var1, var2)
#        # ...
#      end
#
#      def calculate_reactive_cache
#        # Expensive operation here. The return value of this method is cached
#      end
#
#      def result
#        with_reactive_cache("bar1", "bar2") do |data|
#          # ...
#        end
#      end
#    end
#
# Each time the background job completes, it stores the return value of
# `#calculate_reactive_cache`. It is also re-enqueued to run again after
# `reactive_cache_refresh_interval`, so keeping the stored value up to date.
# Calculations are never run concurrently.
#
# Calling `#result` while a value is in the cache will call the block given to
# `#with_reactive_cache`, yielding the cached value. It will also extend the
# lifetime by `reactive_cache_lifetime`.
#
# Once the lifetime has expired, no more background jobs will be enqueued and
# calling `#result` will again return `nil` - starting the process all over
# again
module ReactiveCaching
  extend ActiveSupport::Concern

  InvalidateReactiveCache = Class.new(StandardError)

  included do
    class_attribute :reactive_cache_lease_timeout

    class_attribute :reactive_cache_key
    class_attribute :reactive_cache_lifetime
    class_attribute :reactive_cache_refresh_interval
    class_attribute :reactive_cache_worker_finder

    # defaults
    self.reactive_cache_key = -> (record) { [model_name.singular, record.id] }

    self.reactive_cache_lease_timeout = 2.minutes

    self.reactive_cache_refresh_interval = 1.minute
    self.reactive_cache_lifetime = 10.minutes

    self.reactive_cache_worker_finder = ->(id, *_args) do
      find_by(primary_key => id)
    end

    def calculate_reactive_cache(*args)
      raise NotImplementedError
    end

    def reactive_cache_updated(*args)
    end

    def with_reactive_cache(*args, &blk)
      unless within_reactive_cache_lifetime?(*args)
        refresh_reactive_cache!(*args)
        return
      end

      keep_alive_reactive_cache!(*args)

      begin
        data = Rails.cache.read(full_reactive_cache_key(*args))
        yield data unless data.nil?
      rescue InvalidateReactiveCache
        refresh_reactive_cache!(*args)
        nil
      end
    end

    # This method is used for debugging purposes and should not be used otherwise.
    def without_reactive_cache(*args, &blk)
      return with_reactive_cache(*args, &blk) unless Rails.env.development?

      data = self.class.reactive_cache_worker_finder.call(id, *args).calculate_reactive_cache(*args)
      yield data
    end

    def clear_reactive_cache!(*args)
      Rails.cache.delete(full_reactive_cache_key(*args))
      Rails.cache.delete(alive_reactive_cache_key(*args))
    end

    def exclusively_update_reactive_cache!(*args)
      locking_reactive_cache(*args) do
        key = full_reactive_cache_key(*args)

        if within_reactive_cache_lifetime?(*args)
          enqueuing_update(*args) do
            new_value = calculate_reactive_cache(*args)
            old_value = Rails.cache.read(key)
            Rails.cache.write(key, new_value)
            reactive_cache_updated(*args) if new_value != old_value
          end
        else
          Rails.cache.delete(key)
        end
      end
    end

    private

    def refresh_reactive_cache!(*args)
      clear_reactive_cache!(*args)
      keep_alive_reactive_cache!(*args)
      ReactiveCachingWorker.perform_async(self.class, id, *args)
    end

    def keep_alive_reactive_cache!(*args)
      Rails.cache.write(alive_reactive_cache_key(*args), true, expires_in: self.class.reactive_cache_lifetime)
    end

    def full_reactive_cache_key(*qualifiers)
      prefix = self.class.reactive_cache_key
      prefix = prefix.call(self) if prefix.respond_to?(:call)

      ([prefix].flatten + qualifiers).join(':')
    end

    def alive_reactive_cache_key(*qualifiers)
      full_reactive_cache_key(*(qualifiers + ['alive']))
    end

    def locking_reactive_cache(*args)
      lease = Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.new(full_reactive_cache_key(*args), timeout: reactive_cache_lease_timeout)
      uuid = lease.try_obtain
      yield if uuid
    ensure
      Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.cancel(full_reactive_cache_key(*args), uuid)
    end

    def within_reactive_cache_lifetime?(*args)
      Rails.cache.exist?(alive_reactive_cache_key(*args))
    end

    def enqueuing_update(*args)
      yield

      ReactiveCachingWorker.perform_in(self.class.reactive_cache_refresh_interval, self.class, id, *args)
    end
  end
end