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Incoming email (FREE SELF)
GitLab has several features based on receiving incoming email messages:
- Reply by Email: allow GitLab users to comment on issues and merge requests by replying to notification email.
- New issue by email: allow GitLab users to create a new issue by sending an email to a user-specific email address.
- New merge request by email: allow GitLab users to create a new merge request by sending an email to a user-specific email address.
- Service Desk: provide email support to your customers through GitLab.
Requirements
We recommend using an email address that receives only messages that are intended for the GitLab instance. Any incoming email messages not intended for GitLab receive a reject notice.
Handling incoming email messages requires an IMAP-enabled email account. GitLab requires one of the following three strategies:
- Email sub-addressing (recommended)
- Catch-all mailbox
- Dedicated email address (supports Reply by Email only)
Let's walk through each of these options.
Email sub-addressing
Sub-addressing is
a mail server feature where any email to user+arbitrary_tag@example.com
ends up
in the mailbox for user@example.com
. It is supported by providers such as
Gmail, Google Apps, Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, and iCloud, as well as the
Postfix mail server, which you can run on-premises.
Microsoft Exchange Server does not support sub-addressing,
and Microsoft Office 365 does not support sub-addressing by default
NOTE: If your provider or server supports email sub-addressing, we recommend using it. A dedicated email address only supports Reply by Email functionality. A catch-all mailbox supports the same features as sub-addressing as of GitLab 11.7, but sub-addressing is still preferred because only one email address is used, leaving a catch-all available for other purposes beyond GitLab.
Catch-all mailbox
A catch-all mailbox for a domain receives all email messages addressed to the domain that do not match any addresses that exist on the mail server.
As of GitLab 11.7, catch-all mailboxes support the same features as email sub-addressing, but email sub-addressing remains our recommendation so that you can reserve your catch-all mailbox for other purposes.
Dedicated email address
To set up this solution, you must create a dedicated email address to receive your users' replies to GitLab notifications. However, this method only supports replies, and not the other features of incoming email.
Accepted headers
Accepting
Received
headers introduced in GitLab 14.9 with a flag nameduse_received_header_for_incoming_emails
. Enabled by default.
Email is processed correctly when a configured email address is present in one of the following headers (sorted in the order they are checked):
To
References
Delivered-To
Envelope-To
orX-Envelope-To
Received
In GitLab 14.6 and later, Service Desk also checks accepted headers.
Usually, the "To" field contains the email address of the primary receiver. However, it might not include the configured GitLab email address if:
- The address is in the "CC" field.
- The address was included when using "Reply all".
- The email was forwarded.
The Received
header can contain multiple email addresses. These are checked in the order that they appear.
The first match is used.
Rejected headers
To prevent unwanted issue creation from automatic email systems, GitLab ignores all incoming email containing the following headers:
Auto-Submitted
with a value other thanno
X-Autoreply
with a value ofyes
Set it up
If you want to use Gmail / Google Apps for incoming email, make sure you have IMAP access enabled and allowed less secure apps to access the account or turn-on 2-step validation and use an application password.
If you want to use Office 365, and two-factor authentication is enabled, make sure you're using an app password instead of the regular password for the mailbox.
To set up a basic Postfix mail server with IMAP access on Ubuntu, follow the Postfix setup documentation.
Security concerns
WARNING: Be careful when choosing the domain used for receiving incoming email.
For example, suppose your top-level company domain is hooli.com
.
All employees in your company have an email address at that domain via Google
Apps, and your company's private Slack instance requires a valid @hooli.com
email address to sign up.
If you also host a public-facing GitLab instance at hooli.com
and set your
incoming email domain to hooli.com
, an attacker could abuse the "Create new
issue by email" or
"Create new merge request by email"
features by using a project's unique address as the email when signing up for
Slack. This would send a confirmation email, which would create a new issue or
merge request on the project owned by the attacker, allowing them to select the
confirmation link and validate their account on your company's private Slack
instance.
We recommend receiving incoming email on a subdomain, such as
incoming.hooli.com
, and ensuring that you do not employ any services that
authenticate solely based on access to an email domain such as *.hooli.com.
Alternatively, use a dedicated domain for GitLab email communications such as
hooli-gitlab.com
.
See GitLab issue #30366 for a real-world example of this exploit.
WARNING:
Use a mail server that has been configured to reduce
spam.
A Postfix mail server that is running on a default configuration, for example,
can result in abuse. All messages received on the configured mailbox are processed
and messages that are not intended for the GitLab instance receive a reject notice.
If the sender's address is spoofed, the reject notice is delivered to the spoofed
FROM
address, which can cause the mail server's IP or domain to appear on a block
list.
Omnibus package installations
-
Find the
incoming_email
section in/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
, enable the feature and fill in the details for your specific IMAP server and email account (see examples below). -
Reconfigure GitLab for the changes to take effect:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure # Needed when enabling or disabling for the first time but not for password changes. # See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/23560#note_61966788 sudo gitlab-ctl restart
-
Verify that everything is configured correctly:
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:incoming_email:check
Reply by email should now be working.
Installations from source
-
Go to the GitLab installation directory:
cd /home/git/gitlab
-
Install the
gitlab-mail_room
gem manually:gem install gitlab-mail_room
NOTE: This step is necessary to avoid thread deadlocks and to support the latest MailRoom features. See this explanation for more details.
-
Find the
incoming_email
section inconfig/gitlab.yml
, enable the feature and fill in the details for your specific IMAP server and email account (see examples below).
If you use systemd units to manage GitLab:
-
Add
gitlab-mailroom.service
as a dependency togitlab.target
:sudo systemctl edit gitlab.target
In the editor that opens, add the following and save the file:
[Unit] Wants=gitlab-mailroom.service
-
If you run Redis and PostgreSQL on the same machine, you should add a dependency on Redis. Run:
sudo systemctl edit gitlab-mailroom.service
In the editor that opens, add the following and save the file:
[Unit] Wants=redis-server.service After=redis-server.service
-
Start
gitlab-mailroom.service
:sudo systemctl start gitlab-mailroom.service
-
Verify that everything is configured correctly:
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:incoming_email:check RAILS_ENV=production
If you use the SysV init script to manage GitLab:
-
Enable
mail_room
in the init script at/etc/default/gitlab
:sudo mkdir -p /etc/default echo 'mail_room_enabled=true' | sudo tee -a /etc/default/gitlab
-
Restart GitLab:
sudo service gitlab restart
-
Verify that everything is configured correctly:
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:incoming_email:check RAILS_ENV=production
Reply by email should now be working.
Configuration examples
Postfix
Example configuration for Postfix mail server. Assumes mailbox incoming@gitlab.example.com
.
Example for Omnibus installs:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@gitlab.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "incoming+%{key}@gitlab.example.com"
# Email account username
# With third party providers, this is usually the full email address.
# With self-hosted email servers, this is usually the user part of the email address.
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "incoming"
# Email account password
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_password'] = "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_host'] = "gitlab.example.com"
# IMAP server port
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_port'] = 143
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_ssl'] = false
# Whether the IMAP server uses StartTLS
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_start_tls'] = false
# The mailbox where incoming mail will end up. Usually "inbox".
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_mailbox_name'] = "inbox"
# The IDLE command timeout.
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_idle_timeout'] = 60
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_expunge_deleted'] = true
Example for source installs:
incoming_email:
enabled: true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@gitlab.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
address: "incoming+%{key}@gitlab.example.com"
# Email account username
# With third party providers, this is usually the full email address.
# With self-hosted email servers, this is usually the user part of the email address.
user: "incoming"
# Email account password
password: "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
host: "gitlab.example.com"
# IMAP server port
port: 143
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
ssl: false
# Whether the IMAP server uses StartTLS
start_tls: false
# The mailbox where incoming mail will end up. Usually "inbox".
mailbox: "inbox"
# The IDLE command timeout.
idle_timeout: 60
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
expunge_deleted: true
Gmail
Example configuration for Gmail/Google Workspace. Assumes mailbox gitlab-incoming@gmail.com
.
NOTE:
incoming_email_email
cannot be a Gmail alias account.
Example for Omnibus installs:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@gmail.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "gitlab-incoming+%{key}@gmail.com"
# Email account username
# With third party providers, this is usually the full email address.
# With self-hosted email servers, this is usually the user part of the email address.
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "gitlab-incoming@gmail.com"
# Email account password
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_password'] = "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_host'] = "imap.gmail.com"
# IMAP server port
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_port'] = 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_ssl'] = true
# Whether the IMAP server uses StartTLS
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_start_tls'] = false
# The mailbox where incoming mail will end up. Usually "inbox".
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_mailbox_name'] = "inbox"
# The IDLE command timeout.
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_idle_timeout'] = 60
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_expunge_deleted'] = true
Example for source installs:
incoming_email:
enabled: true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@gmail.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
address: "gitlab-incoming+%{key}@gmail.com"
# Email account username
# With third party providers, this is usually the full email address.
# With self-hosted email servers, this is usually the user part of the email address.
user: "gitlab-incoming@gmail.com"
# Email account password
password: "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
host: "imap.gmail.com"
# IMAP server port
port: 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
ssl: true
# Whether the IMAP server uses StartTLS
start_tls: false
# The mailbox where incoming mail will end up. Usually "inbox".
mailbox: "inbox"
# The IDLE command timeout.
idle_timeout: 60
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
expunge_deleted: true
Microsoft Exchange Server
Example configurations for Microsoft Exchange Server with IMAP enabled. Because Exchange does not support sub-addressing, only two options exist:
- Catch-all mailbox (recommended for Exchange-only)
- Dedicated email address (supports Reply by Email only)
Catch-all mailbox
Assumes the catch-all mailbox incoming@exchange.example.com
.
Example for Omnibus installs:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress-%{key}@exchange.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
# Exchange does not support sub-addressing, so a catch-all mailbox must be used.
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "incoming-%{key}@exchange.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "incoming@ad-domain.example.com"
# Email account password
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_password'] = "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_host'] = "exchange.example.com"
# IMAP server port
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_port'] = 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_ssl'] = true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_expunge_deleted'] = true
Example for source installs:
incoming_email:
enabled: true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress-%{key}@exchange.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
# Exchange does not support sub-addressing, so a catch-all mailbox must be used.
address: "incoming-%{key}@exchange.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
user: "incoming@ad-domain.example.com"
# Email account password
password: "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
host: "exchange.example.com"
# IMAP server port
port: 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
ssl: true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
expunge_deleted: true
Dedicated email address
NOTE: Supports Reply by Email only. Cannot support Service Desk.
Assumes the dedicated email address incoming@exchange.example.com
.
Example for Omnibus installs:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
# Exchange does not support sub-addressing, and we're not using a catch-all mailbox so %{key} is not used here
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "incoming@exchange.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "incoming@ad-domain.example.com"
# Email account password
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_password'] = "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_host'] = "exchange.example.com"
# IMAP server port
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_port'] = 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_ssl'] = true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_expunge_deleted'] = true
Example for source installs:
incoming_email:
enabled: true
# Exchange does not support sub-addressing,
# and we're not using a catch-all mailbox so %{key} is not used here
address: "incoming@exchange.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
user: "incoming@ad-domain.example.com"
# Email account password
password: "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
host: "exchange.example.com"
# IMAP server port
port: 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
ssl: true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
expunge_deleted: true
Microsoft Office 365
Example configurations for Microsoft Office 365 with IMAP enabled.
Sub-addressing mailbox
NOTE: As of September 2020 sub-addressing support has been added to Office 365. This feature is not enabled by default, and must be enabled through PowerShell.
This series of PowerShell commands enables sub-addressing at the organization level in Office 365. This allows all mailboxes in the organization to receive sub-addressed mail.
To enable sub-addressing:
-
Download and install the
ExchangeOnlineManagement
module from the PowerShell gallery. -
In PowerShell, run the following commands:
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement Connect-ExchangeOnline Set-OrganizationConfig -AllowPlusAddressInRecipients $true Disconnect-ExchangeOnline
This example for Omnibus GitLab assumes the mailbox incoming@office365.example.com
:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@office365.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "incoming+%{key}@office365.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "incoming@office365.example.com"
# Email account password
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_password'] = "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_host'] = "outlook.office365.com"
# IMAP server port
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_port'] = 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_ssl'] = true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_expunge_deleted'] = true
This example for source installs assumes the mailbox incoming@office365.example.com
:
incoming_email:
enabled: true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@office365.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
address: "incoming+%{key}@office365.example.comm"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
user: "incoming@office365.example.comm"
# Email account password
password: "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
host: "outlook.office365.com"
# IMAP server port
port: 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
ssl: true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
expunge_deleted: true
Catch-all mailbox
This example for Omnibus installs assumes the catch-all mailbox incoming@office365.example.com
:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress-%{key}@office365.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "incoming-%{key}@office365.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "incoming@office365.example.com"
# Email account password
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_password'] = "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_host'] = "outlook.office365.com"
# IMAP server port
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_port'] = 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_ssl'] = true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_expunge_deleted'] = true
This example for source installs assumes the catch-all mailbox incoming@office365.example.com
:
incoming_email:
enabled: true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@office365.example.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
address: "incoming-%{key}@office365.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
user: "incoming@ad-domain.example.com"
# Email account password
password: "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
host: "outlook.office365.com"
# IMAP server port
port: 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
ssl: true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
expunge_deleted: true
Dedicated email address
NOTE: Supports Reply by Email only. Cannot support Service Desk.
This example for Omnibus installs assumes the dedicated email address incoming@office365.example.com
:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "incoming@office365.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "incoming@office365.example.com"
# Email account password
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_password'] = "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_host'] = "outlook.office365.com"
# IMAP server port
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_port'] = 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_ssl'] = true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_expunge_deleted'] = true
This example for source installs assumes the dedicated email address incoming@office365.example.com
:
incoming_email:
enabled: true
address: "incoming@office365.example.com"
# Email account username
# Typically this is the userPrincipalName (UPN)
user: "incoming@office365.example.com"
# Email account password
password: "[REDACTED]"
# IMAP server host
host: "outlook.office365.com"
# IMAP server port
port: 993
# Whether the IMAP server uses SSL
ssl: true
# Whether to expunge (permanently remove) messages from the mailbox when they are marked as deleted after delivery
expunge_deleted: true
Microsoft Graph
Introduced in GitLab 13.11.
GitLab can read incoming email using the Microsoft Graph API instead of IMAP. Because Microsoft is deprecating IMAP usage with Basic Authentication, the Microsoft Graph API will soon be required for new Microsoft Exchange Online mailboxes.
To configure GitLab for Microsoft Graph, you will need to register an
OAuth2 application in your Azure Active Directory that has the
Mail.ReadWrite
permission for all mailboxes. See the MailRoom step-by-step guide
and Microsoft instructions
for more details.
Record the following when you configure your OAuth2 application:
- Tenant ID for your Azure Active Directory
- Client ID for your OAuth2 application
- Client secret your OAuth2 application
Restrict mailbox access
For MailRoom to work as a service account, the application you create
in Azure Active Directory requires that you set the Mail.ReadWrite
property
to read/write mail in all mailboxes.
To mitigate security concerns, we recommend configuring an application access policy which limits the mailbox access for all accounts, as described in Microsoft documentation.
This example for Omnibus GitLab assumes you're using the following mailbox: incoming@example.onmicrosoft.com
:
Configure Microsoft Graph
Alternative Azure deployments introduced in GitLab 14.9.
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_enabled'] = true
# The email address including the %{key} placeholder that will be replaced to reference the
# item being replied to. This %{key} should be included in its entirety within the email
# address and not replaced by another value.
# For example: emailaddress+%{key}@example.onmicrosoft.com.
# The placeholder must appear in the "user" part of the address (before the `@`).
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_address'] = "incoming+%{key}@example.onmicrosoft.com"
# Email account username
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_email'] = "incoming@example.onmicrosoft.com"
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_inbox_method'] = 'microsoft_graph'
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_inbox_options'] = {
'tenant_id': '<YOUR-TENANT-ID>',
'client_id': '<YOUR-CLIENT-ID>',
'client_secret': '<YOUR-CLIENT-SECRET>',
'poll_interval': 60 # Optional
}
For Microsoft Cloud for US Government or other Azure deployments, configure the azure_ad_endpoint
and graph_endpoint
settings.
- Example for Microsoft Cloud for US Government:
gitlab_rails['incoming_email_inbox_options'] = {
'azure_ad_endpoint': 'https://login.microsoftonline.us',
'graph_endpoint': 'https://graph.microsoft.us',
'tenant_id': '<YOUR-TENANT-ID>',
'client_id': '<YOUR-CLIENT-ID>',
'client_secret': '<YOUR-CLIENT-SECRET>',
'poll_interval': 60 # Optional
}
The Microsoft Graph API is not yet supported in source installations. See this issue for more details.