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Release | Release | To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments | tutorial |
Using Dpl as deployment tool
Dpl (pronounced like the letters D-P-L) is a deploy tool made for continuous deployment that's developed and used by Travis CI, but can also be used with GitLab CI/CD.
Dpl can be used to deploy to any of the supported providers.
Requirements
To use Dpl you need at least Ruby 1.9.3 with ability to install gems.
Basic usage
Dpl can be installed on any machine with:
gem install dpl
This allows you to test all commands from your local terminal, rather than having to test it on a CI server.
If you don't have Ruby installed you can do it on Debian-compatible Linux with:
apt-get update
apt-get install ruby-dev
The Dpl provides support for vast number of services, including: Heroku, Cloud Foundry, AWS/S3, and more. To use it simply define provider and any additional parameters required by the provider.
For example if you want to use it to deploy your application to Heroku, you need to specify heroku
as provider, specify api_key
and app
.
All possible parameters can be found in the Heroku API section.
staging:
stage: deploy
script:
- gem install dpl
- dpl --provider=heroku --app=my-app-staging --api_key=$HEROKU_STAGING_API_KEY
In the above example we use Dpl to deploy my-app-staging
to Heroku server with API key stored in HEROKU_STAGING_API_KEY
secure variable.
To use different provider take a look at long list of Supported Providers.
Using Dpl with Docker
In most cases, you configured GitLab Runner to use your server's shell commands.
This means that all commands are run in the context of local user (e.g. gitlab_runner
or gitlab_ci_multi_runner
).
It also means that most probably in your Docker container you don't have the Ruby runtime installed.
You must install it:
staging:
stage: deploy
script:
- apt-get update -yq
- apt-get install -y ruby-dev
- gem install dpl
- dpl --provider=heroku --app=my-app-staging --api_key=$HEROKU_STAGING_API_KEY
only:
- master
The first line apt-get update -yq
updates the list of available packages,
where second apt-get install -y ruby-dev
installs the Ruby runtime on system.
The above example is valid for all Debian-compatible systems.
Usage in staging and production
It's pretty common in the development workflow to have staging (development) and production environments
Let's consider the following example: we would like to deploy the master
branch to staging
and all tags to the production
environment.
The final .gitlab-ci.yml
for that setup would look like this:
staging:
stage: deploy
script:
- gem install dpl
- dpl --provider=heroku --app=my-app-staging --api_key=$HEROKU_STAGING_API_KEY
only:
- master
production:
stage: deploy
script:
- gem install dpl
- dpl --provider=heroku --app=my-app-production --api_key=$HEROKU_PRODUCTION_API_KEY
only:
- tags
We created two deploy jobs that are executed on different events:
staging
is executed for all commits that were pushed tomaster
branch,production
is executed for all pushed tags.
We also use two secure variables:
HEROKU_STAGING_API_KEY
- Heroku API key used to deploy staging app,HEROKU_PRODUCTION_API_KEY
- Heroku API key used to deploy production app.
Storing API keys
To add secure variables, navigate to your project's
Settings > CI / CD > Variables. The variables that are defined
in the project settings are sent along with the build script to the runner.
The secure variables are stored out of the repository. Never store secrets in
your project's .gitlab-ci.yml
. It is also important that the secret's value
is hidden in the job log.
You access added variable by prefixing it's name with $
(on non-Windows runners)
or %
(for Windows Batch runners):
$VARIABLE
- use it for non-Windows runners%VARIABLE%
- use it for Windows Batch runners
Read more about the CI variables.