gitlab-org--gitlab-foss/app/models/internal_id.rb

# An InternalId is a strictly monotone sequence of integers
# generated for a given scope and usage.
#
# For example, issues use their project to scope internal ids:
# In that sense, scope is "project" and usage is "issues".
# Generated internal ids for an issue are unique per project.
#
# See InternalId#usage enum for available usages.
#
# In order to leverage InternalId for other usages, the idea is to
# * Add `usage` value to enum
# * (Optionally) add columns to `internal_ids` if needed for scope.
class InternalId < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :project

  enum usage: { issues: 0 }

  validates :usage, presence: true

  REQUIRED_SCHEMA_VERSION = 20180305095250

  # Increments #last_value and saves the record
  #
  # The operation locks the record and gathers a `ROW SHARE` lock (in PostgreSQL).
  # As such, the increment is atomic and safe to be called concurrently.
  #
  # If a `maximum_iid` is passed in, this overrides the incremented value if it's
  # greater than that. This can be used to correct the increment value if necessary.
  def increment_and_save!(maximum_iid)
    lock!
    self.last_value = [(last_value || 0) + 1, (maximum_iid || 0) + 1].max
    save!
    last_value
  end

  class << self
    def generate_next(subject, scope, usage, init)
      # Shortcut if `internal_ids` table is not available (yet)
      # This can be the case in other (unrelated) migration specs
      return (init.call(subject) || 0) + 1 unless available?

      InternalIdGenerator.new(subject, scope, usage, init).generate
    end

    def available?
      @available_flag ||= ActiveRecord::Migrator.current_version >= REQUIRED_SCHEMA_VERSION # rubocop:disable Gitlab/PredicateMemoization
    end

    # Flushes cached information about schema
    def reset_column_information
      @available_flag = nil
      super
    end
  end

  class InternalIdGenerator
    # Generate next internal id for a given scope and usage.
    #
    # For currently supported usages, see #usage enum.
    #
    # The method implements a locking scheme that has the following properties:
    # 1) Generated sequence of internal ids is unique per (scope and usage)
    # 2) The method is thread-safe and may be used in concurrent threads/processes.
    # 3) The generated sequence is gapless.
    # 4) In the absence of a record in the internal_ids table, one will be created
    #    and last_value will be calculated on the fly.
    #
    # subject: The instance we're generating an internal id for. Gets passed to init if called.
    # scope: Attributes that define the scope for id generation.
    # usage: Symbol to define the usage of the internal id, see InternalId.usages
    # init: Block that gets called to initialize InternalId record if not present
    #       Make sure to not throw exceptions in the absence of records (if this is expected).
    attr_reader :subject, :scope, :init, :scope_attrs, :usage

    def initialize(subject, scope, usage, init)
      @subject = subject
      @scope = scope
      @init = init
      @usage = usage

      raise ArgumentError, 'Scope is not well-defined, need at least one column for scope (given: 0)' if scope.empty?

      unless InternalId.usages.has_key?(usage.to_s)
        raise ArgumentError, "Usage '#{usage}' is unknown. Supported values are #{InternalId.usages.keys} from InternalId.usages"
      end
    end

    # Generates next internal id and returns it
    def generate
      subject.transaction do
        # Create a record in internal_ids if one does not yet exist
        # and increment its last value
        #
        # Note this will acquire a ROW SHARE lock on the InternalId record

        # Note we always calculate the maximum iid present here and
        # pass it in to correct the InternalId entry if it's last_value is off.
        #
        # This can happen in a transition phase where both `AtomicInternalId` and
        # `NonatomicInternalId` code runs (e.g. during a deploy).
        #
        # This is subject to be cleaned up with the 10.8 release:
        # https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/45389.
        (lookup || create_record).increment_and_save!(maximum_iid)
      end
    end

    private

    # Retrieve InternalId record for (project, usage) combination, if it exists
    def lookup
      InternalId.find_by(**scope, usage: usage_value)
    end

    def usage_value
      @usage_value ||= InternalId.usages[usage.to_s]
    end

    # Create InternalId record for (scope, usage) combination, if it doesn't exist
    #
    # We blindly insert without synchronization. If another process
    # was faster in doing this, we'll realize once we hit the unique key constraint
    # violation. We can safely roll-back the nested transaction and perform
    # a lookup instead to retrieve the record.
    def create_record
      subject.transaction(requires_new: true) do
        InternalId.create!(
          **scope,
          usage: usage_value,
          last_value: maximum_iid
        )
      end
    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique
      lookup
    end

    def maximum_iid
      @maximum_iid ||= init.call(subject) || 0
    end
  end
end