Testing migrations
In order to reliably test a migration, we need to test it against a database
schema that this migration has been written for. In order to achieve that we
have some migration helpers and RSpec test tag, called :migration.
If you want to write a test for a migration consider adding :migration tag to
the test signature, like describe SomeMigrationClass, :migration.
How does it work?
Adding a :migration tag to a test signature injects a few before / after
hooks to the test.
The most important change is that adding a :migration tag adds a before
hook that will revert all migrations to the point that a migration under test
is not yet migrated.
In other words, our custom RSpec hooks will find a previous migration, and migrate the database down to the previous migration version.
With this approach you can test a migration against a database schema that this migration has been written for.
The after hook will migrate the database up and reinstitutes the latest
schema version, so that the process does not affect subsequent specs and
ensures proper isolation.
Available helpers
Use table helper to create a temporary ActiveRecord::Base derived model
for a table.
See spec/support/helpers/migrations_helpers.rb for all the available helpers.
Testing a class that is an ActiveRecord::Migration
In order to test a class that is an ActiveRecord::Migration, you will need to
manually require the migration file because it is not autoloaded with Rails.
Use migrate! helper to run the migration that is under test. It will not only
run migration, but will also bump the schema version in the schema_migrations
table. It is necessary because in the after hook we trigger the rest of
the migrations, and we need to know where to start.
Example
This spec tests the db/post_migrate/20170526185842_migrate_pipeline_stages.rb migration. You can find the complete spec on spec/migrations/migrate_pipeline_stages_spec.rb.
require 'spec_helper'
require Rails.root.join('db', 'post_migrate', '20170526185842_migrate_pipeline_stages.rb')
describe MigratePipelineStages, :migration do
# Create test data - pipeline and CI/CD jobs.
let(:jobs) { table(:ci_builds) }
let(:stages) { table(:ci_stages) }
let(:pipelines) { table(:ci_pipelines) }
let(:projects) { table(:projects) }
before do
projects.create!(id: 123, name: 'gitlab1', path: 'gitlab1')
pipelines.create!(id: 1, project_id: 123, ref: 'master', sha: 'adf43c3a')
jobs.create!(id: 1, commit_id: 1, project_id: 123, stage_idx: 2, stage: 'build')
jobs.create!(id: 2, commit_id: 1, project_id: 123, stage_idx: 1, stage: 'test')
end
# Test the migration.
it 'correctly migrates pipeline stages' do
expect(stages.count).to be_zero
migrate!
expect(stages.count).to eq 2
expect(stages.all.pluck(:name)).to match_array %w[test build]
end
end
Testing a class that is not an ActiveRecord::Migration
To test a class that is not an ActiveRecord::Migration (a background migration),
you will need to manually provide a required schema version. Please add a
schema tag to a context that you want to switch the database schema within.
Example: describe SomeClass, :migration, schema: 20170608152748.
Example
This spec tests the lib/gitlab/background_migration/archive_legacy_traces.rb
background migration. You can find the complete spec on
spec/lib/gitlab/background_migration/archive_legacy_traces_spec.rb
require 'spec_helper'
describe Gitlab::BackgroundMigration::ArchiveLegacyTraces, :migration, schema: 20180529152628 do
include TraceHelpers
let(:namespaces) { table(:namespaces) }
let(:projects) { table(:projects) }
let(:builds) { table(:ci_builds) }
let(:job_artifacts) { table(:ci_job_artifacts) }
before do
namespaces.create!(id: 123, name: 'gitlab1', path: 'gitlab1')
projects.create!(id: 123, name: 'gitlab1', path: 'gitlab1', namespace_id: 123)
@build = builds.create!(id: 1, project_id: 123, status: 'success', type: 'Ci::Build')
end
context 'when trace file exsits at the right place' do
before do
create_legacy_trace(@build, 'trace in file')
end
it 'correctly archive legacy traces' do
expect(job_artifacts.count).to eq(0)
expect(File.exist?(legacy_trace_path(@build))).to be_truthy
described_class.new.perform(1, 1)
expect(job_artifacts.count).to eq(1)
expect(File.exist?(legacy_trace_path(@build))).to be_falsy
expect(File.read(archived_trace_path(job_artifacts.first))).to eq('trace in file')
end
end
end
Best practices
- Note that this type of tests do not run within the transaction, we use a deletion database cleanup strategy. Do not depend on transaction being present.