diff --git a/20230218081558_do_not_require_language_names.down.sql b/20230218081558_do_not_require_language_names.down.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e0e925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/20230218081558_do_not_require_language_names.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE languages ALTER COLUMN english_name SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE languages ALTER COLUMN self_name    SET NOT NULL;
+COMMIT;
diff --git a/20230218081558_do_not_require_language_names.up.sql b/20230218081558_do_not_require_language_names.up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d60930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/20230218081558_do_not_require_language_names.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE languages ALTER COLUMN english_name DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE languages ALTER COLUMN self_name    DROP NOT NULL;
+COMMIT;
diff --git a/20230218083503_translate.down.sql b/20230218083503_translate.down.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8494f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/20230218083503_translate.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+BEGIN;
+
+DROP TABLE language_names;
+
+ALTER TABLE languages ADD COLUMN english_name VARCHAR;
+ALTER TABLE languages ADD COLUMN self_name    VARCHAR;
+
+ALTER TABLE languages ADD CONSTRAINT english_name_is_sane_text
+    CHECK (english_name IS NULL OR is_sane_text(english_name));
+ALTER TABLE languages ADD CONSTRAINT self_name_is_sane_text
+    CHECK (self_name    IS NULL OR is_sane_text(self_name));
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX languages_english_name ON languages (english_name);
+
+COMMIT;
diff --git a/20230218083503_translate.up.sql b/20230218083503_translate.up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..795b625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/20230218083503_translate.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+BEGIN;
+
+ALTER TABLE languages DROP COLUMN english_name;
+ALTER TABLE languages DROP COLUMN self_name;
+
+CREATE TABLE language_names (
+--  name         type      constraints
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    lang_id      BIGINT    NOT NULL REFERENCES languages (id),
+    name_lang_id BIGINT    NOT NULL REFERENCES languages (id),
+    value        VARCHAR   NOT NULL,
+
+--  CONSTRAINT name               CHECK (condition)
+    CONSTRAINT value_is_sane_text CHECK (is_sane_text(value))
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX languages_lang_name_lang
+    ON language_names (lang_id, name_lang_id);
+
+COMMIT;