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# rofi-theme(5)
## NAME
**rofi-theme** - Rofi theme format files
## Getting started with theming
The easiest way to get started theming rofi is by modifying your existing theme.
Themes can be modified/tweaked by adding theming elements to the end of the\
config file. The default location of this file is `~/.config/rofi/config.rasi`,
if the file does not exists, you can create it.
A basic config:
```css
configuration {
modes: [ combi ];
combi-modes: [ window, drun, run ];
}
@theme "gruvbox-light"
/* Insert theme modifications after this */
```
For example if we want to change the `Type to filter` text in the entry box we
append the following:
```css
entry {
placeholder: "Type here";
}
```
In the above section, `entry` indicates the widget, `placeholder` is the
property we want to modify and we set it to the string `"Type here"`. To find
the commonly available widgets in rofi, see the 'Basic structure' section.
To change the mouse over cursor to a pointer, add:
```css
entry {
placeholder: "Type here";
cursor: pointer;
}
```
For the next modification, we want to add the icon after each text element and
increase the size. First we start by modifying the `element` widget:
```css
element {
orientation: horizontal;
children: [ element-text, element-icon ];
spacing: 5px;
}
```
Resulting in the following packing:
```text
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ element │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │
│ │element─text │ │ element─icon │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
The `element` (container) widget hold each entry in the `listview`, we add the
two pre-defined children in the order we want to show. We also specify the
packing direction (`orientation`) and the spacing between the children
(`spacing`). We specify the space between the two children in absolute pixels
(`px`).
To increase the icon-size, we need to modify the `element-icon` widget.
```css
element-icon {
size: 2.5em;
}
```
```text
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ element │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │
│ │element─text │ │ element │ │
│ │ │ │ ─ │ │
│ │ │ │ icon │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
In this example we specify the size in the [em](https://www.w3.org/Style/LieBos3e/em) unit.
Now lets change the text color of both the `entry` and the `element-text`
widget to red and background to blue.
```css
entry, element-text {
text-color: red;
background-color: rgb(0,0,255);
}
```
Here we use two different methods of writing down the color, for `text-color`
we used a named color, for `background-color` we specify it in `rgb`.
We also specify the property for multiple widgets by passing a comma separated
list of widget names.
If you want to center the text relative to the icon, we can set this:
```css
element-text {
vertical-align: 0.5;
}
```
```text
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ element │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │
│ │ │ │ element │ │
│ │element-text │ │ ─ │ │
│ │ │ │ icon │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
We can also specify the color and width of the cursor. You could, for example,
create a crimson block cursor like this:
```css
entry {
cursor-color: rgb(220,20,60);
cursor-width: 8px;
}
```
By default, the `cursor-color` will be the same as the `text-color`. The
`cursor-width` will always default to 2 pixels.
If you want to see the complete theme, including the modification you can run:
```bash
rofi -dump-theme
```
## Default theme loading
By default, rofi loads the default theme. This theme is **always** loaded.
The default configuration contains:
```css
@theme "default"
```
To unload the default theme, and load another theme, add the `@theme` statement
to your `config.rasi` file.
If you have a theme loaded via `@theme` or use the default theme, you can tweak
it by adding overriding elements at the end of your `config.rasi` file.
For the difference between `@import` and `@theme` see the `Multiple file
handling` section in this manpage.
To see the default theme, run the following command:
```bash
rofi -no-config -dump-theme
```
## Description
The need for a new theme format was motivated by the fact that the way rofi
handled widgets has changed. From a very static drawing of lines and text to a
nice structured form of packing widgets. This change made it possible to
provide a more flexible theme framework. The old theme format and config file
are not flexible enough to expose these options in a user-friendly way.
Therefore, a new file format has been created, replacing the old one.
## Format specification
## Encoding
The encoding of the file is UTF-8. Both unix (`\n`) and windows (`\r\n`)
newlines format are supported. But unix is preferred.
## Comments
C and C++ file comments are supported.
- Anything after `// ` and before a newline is considered a comment.
- Everything between `/*` and `*/` is a comment, this comment can span
multiple lines.
Comments can be nested and the C comments can be inline.
The following is valid:
```css
// Magic comment.
property: /* comment */ value;
```
However, this is not:
```css
prop/*comment*/erty: value;
```
## White space
White space and newlines, like comments, are ignored by the parser.
This:
```css
property: name;
```
Is identical to:
```css
property :
name
;
```
## File extension
The preferred file extension for the new theme format is **rasi**. This is an
abbreviation for **r**ofi **a**dvanced **s**tyle **i**nformation. If a theme
file is split over multiple files, include files can have the: **rasinc**
extension.
## Basic Structure
Each element has a section with defined properties. Global properties can be
defined in section `* { }`. Sub-section names begin with an optional hash
symbol `#`.
It is advised to define the *global properties section* on top of the file to
make inheritance of properties clearer.
```css
/* Global properties section */
* {
// list of properties
}
/* Element theme section. */
{element path} {
// list of properties
}
{elements... } {
// list of properties
}
```
If there are multiple sections with the same name, they are merged. Duplicate
properties are overwritten and the last parsed entry kept.
## Global properties section
A theme can have one or more global properties sections. If there is more than
one, they will be merged.
The global properties section denotes the defaults for each element.
Each property of this section can be referenced with `@{identifier}`
(See Properties section)
A global properties section is indicated with a `*` as element path.
## Element theme section
A theme can have multiple element theme sections.
The element path can consist of multiple names separated by whitespace or dots.
Each element may contain any number of letters, numbers and `-`'s.
The first element in the element path can optionally start with a `#` (for
historic reasons). Multiple elements can be specified by a `,`.
This is a valid element name:
```css
element normal.normal {
background-color: blue;
}
button {
background-color: blue;
}
```
And is identical to:
```css
element normal normal, button {
background-color: blue;
}
```
Each section inherits the global properties. Properties can be explicitly
inherited from their parent with the `inherit` keyword.
In the following example:
```css
window {
a: 1;
b: 2;
children: [ mainbox ];
}
mainbox {
a: inherit;
b: 4;
c: 8;
}
```
The element `mainbox` will have the following set of properties (if `mainbox`
is a child of `window`):
```css
a: 1;
b: 4;
c: 8;
```
If multiple sections are defined with the same name, they are merged by the
parser. If multiple properties with the same name are defined in one section,
the last encountered property is used.
## Properties Format
The properties in a section consist of:
```css
{identifier}: {value};
```
Both fields are mandatory for a property.
The `identifier` names the specified property. Identifiers can consist of any
combination of numbers, letters and '-'. It must not contain any whitespace.
The structure of the `value` defines the type of the property. The current
parser does not define or enforce a certain type of a particular `identifier`.
When used, values with the wrong type that cannot be converted are ignored.
The current theme format supports different types:
- a string
- an integer number
- a fractional number
- a boolean value
- a color
- image
- text style
- line style
- a distance
- a padding
- a border
- a position
- a reference
- an orientation
- a cursor
- a list of keywords
- an array of values
- an environment variable
- Inherit
Some of these types are a combination of other types.
### String
- Format: `(["'])[:print:]+\1`
Strings are always surrounded by double (`"`) or single (`'`, apostrophe) quotes. Between
the quotes there can be any printable character.
For example:
```css
font: "Awasome 12";
```
The string must be valid UTF-8, special characters can be escaped:
```css
text { content: "Line one\n\tIndented line two 'Quoted text'"; }
text { content: 'Line one\n\tIndented line two "Quoted text"'; }
text { content: "Line one\n\tIndented line two \"Quoted text\""; }
```
The following special characters can be escaped: `\b`, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\v`, `\`,
`"` and `'` (double quotes inside single-quotes or in reverse don't need escape).
### Integer
- Format: `[-+]?[:digit:]+`
An integer may contain any number.
For examples:
```css
lines: 12;
```
### Real
- Format: `[-+]?[:digit:]+(\.[:digit:]+)?`
A real is an integer with an optional fraction.
For example:
```css
real: 3.4;
```
The following is not valid: `.3`, `3.` or scientific notation: `3.4e-3`.
### Boolean
- Format: `(true|false)`
Boolean value is either `true` or `false`. This is case-sensitive.
For example:
```css
dynamic: false;
```
### Image
**rofi** support a limited set of background-image formats.
- Format: url("path to image");
- Format: url("path to image", scale);
where scale is: none, both, width, height
- Format: linear-gradient(stop color,stop1, color, stop2 color, ...);
- Format: linear-gradient(to direction, stop color,stop1, color, stop2 color,
...); where direction is: top,left,right,bottom.
- Format: linear-gradient(angle, stop color,stop1, color, stop2 color, ...);
Angle in deg,rad,grad (as used in color).
Where the `path` is a string, and `stop` color is of type color.
### Color
**rofi** supports the color formats as specified in the CSS standard (1,2,3 and
some of CSS 4)
- Format: `#{HEX}{3}` (rgb)
- Format: `#{HEX}{4}` (rgba)
- Format: `#{HEX}{6}` (rrggbb)
- Format: `#{HEX}{8}` (rrggbbaa)
- Format: `rgb[a]({INTEGER},{INTEGER},{INTEGER}[, {PERCENTAGE}])`
- Format: `rgb[a]({INTEGER}%,{INTEGER}%,{INTEGER}%[, {PERCENTAGE}])`
- Format: `hsl[a]( {ANGLE}, {PERCENTAGE}, {PERCENTAGE} [, {PERCENTAGE}])`
- Format: `hwb[a]( {ANGLE}, {PERCENTAGE}, {PERCENTAGE} [, {PERCENTAGE}])`
- Format: `cmyk( {PERCENTAGE}, {PERCENTAGE}, {PERCENTAGE}, {PERCENTAGE} [,
{PERCENTAGE} ])`
- Format: `{named-color} [ / {PERCENTAGE} ]`
The white-space format proposed in CSS4 is also supported.
The different values are:
- `{HEX}` is a hexadecimal number ('0-9a-f' case insensitive).
- `{INTEGER}` value can be between 0 and 255 or 0-100 when representing
percentage.
- `{ANGLE}` is the angle on the color wheel, can be in `deg`, `rad`, `grad`
or `turn`. When no unit is specified, degrees is assumed.
- `{PERCENTAGE}` can be between 0-1.0, or 0%-100%
- `{named-color}` is one of the following colors:
AliceBlue, AntiqueWhite, Aqua, Aquamarine, Azure, Beige, Bisque, Black,
BlanchedAlmond, Blue, BlueViolet, Brown, BurlyWood, CadetBlue, Chartreuse,
Chocolate, Coral, CornflowerBlue, Cornsilk, Crimson, Cyan, DarkBlue,
DarkCyan, DarkGoldenRod, DarkGray, DarkGrey, DarkGreen, DarkKhaki,
DarkMagenta, DarkOliveGreen, DarkOrange, DarkOrchid, DarkRed, DarkSalmon,
DarkSeaGreen, DarkSlateBlue, DarkSlateGray, DarkSlateGrey, DarkTurquoise,
DarkViolet, DeepPink, DeepSkyBlue, DimGray, DimGrey, DodgerBlue, FireBrick,
FloralWhite, ForestGreen, Fuchsia, Gainsboro, GhostWhite, Gold, GoldenRod,
Gray, Grey, Green, GreenYellow, HoneyDew, HotPink, IndianRed, Indigo,
Ivory, Khaki, Lavender, LavenderBlush, LawnGreen, LemonChiffon, LightBlue,
LightCoral, LightCyan, LightGoldenRodYellow, LightGray, LightGrey,
LightGreen, LightPink, LightSalmon, LightSeaGreen, LightSkyBlue,
LightSlateGray, LightSlateGrey, LightSteelBlue, LightYellow, Lime,
LimeGreen, Linen, Magenta, Maroon, MediumAquaMarine, MediumBlue,
MediumOrchid, MediumPurple, MediumSeaGreen, MediumSlateBlue,
MediumSpringGreen, MediumTurquoise, MediumVioletRed, MidnightBlue,
MintCream, MistyRose, Moccasin, NavajoWhite, Navy, OldLace, Olive,
OliveDrab, Orange, OrangeRed, Orchid, PaleGoldenRod, PaleGreen,
PaleTurquoise, PaleVioletRed, PapayaWhip, PeachPuff, Peru, Pink, Plum,
PowderBlue, Purple, RebeccaPurple, Red, RosyBrown, RoyalBlue, SaddleBrown,
Salmon, SandyBrown, SeaGreen, SeaShell, Sienna, Silver, SkyBlue, SlateBlue,
SlateGray, SlateGrey, Snow, SpringGreen, SteelBlue, Tan, Teal, Thistle,
Tomato, Turquoise, Violet, Wheat, White, WhiteSmoke, Yellow,
YellowGreen,transparent
For example:
```css
background-color: #FF0000;
border-color: rgba(0,0,1, 0.5);
text-color: SeaGreen;
```
or
```css
background-color: transparent;
text-color: Black;
```
### Text style
- Format: `(bold|italic|underline|strikethrough|none)`
Text style indicates how the highlighted text is emphasized. `None` indicates
that no emphasis should be applied.
- `bold`: make the text thicker then the surrounding text.
- `italic`: put the highlighted text in script type (slanted).
- `underline`: put a line under the text.
- `strikethrough`: put a line through the text.
The following options are available on pango 1.50.0 and up:
- `uppercase`: Uppercase the text.
- `lowercase`: Lowercase the text.
The following option is disabled as pango crashes on this if there is eel
upsizing or wrapping. This will be re-enabled once fixed:
- `capitalize`: Capitalize the text.
### Line style
- Format: `(dash|solid)`
Indicates how a line should be drawn.
It currently supports:
- `dash`: a dashed line, where the gap is the same width as the dash
- `solid`: a solid line
### Distance
- Format: `{Integer}px`
- Format: `{Real}em`
- Format: `{Real}ch`
- Format: `{Real}%`
- Format: `{Real}mm`
A distance can be specified in 3 different units:
- `px`: Screen pixels.
- `em`: Relative to text height.
- `ch`: Relative to width of a single number.
- `mm`: Actual size in millimeters (based on dpi).
- `%`: Percentage of the **monitor** size.
Distances used in the horizontal direction use the monitor width. Distances in
the vertical direction use the monitor height.
For example:
```css
padding: 10%;
```
On a full-HD (1920x1080) monitor, it defines a padding of 192 pixels on the left
and right side and 108 pixels on the top and bottom.
#### Calculating sizes
Rofi supports some maths in calculating sizes. For this it uses the CSS syntax:
```css
width: calc( 100% - 37px );
```
```css
width: calc( 20% min 512 );
```
It supports the following operations:
- `+` : Add
- `-` : Subtract
- `/` : Divide
- `-` : Multiply
- `modulo` : Modulo
- `min` : Minimum of lvalue or rvalue;
- `max` : Maximum of lvalue or rvalue;
- `floor` : Round down lvalue to the next multiple of rvalue
- `ceil` : Round up lvalue to the next multiple of rvalue
- `round` : Round lvalue to the next multiple of rvalue
It uses the C precedence ordering.
### Padding
- Format: `{Integer}`
- Format: `{Distance}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Distance}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Distance} {Distance}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Distance} {Distance} {Distance}`
If no unit is specified, pixels are assumed.
The different number of fields in the formats are parsed like:
- 1 field: `all`
- 2 fields: `top&bottom` `left&right`
- 3 fields: `top`, `left&right`, `bottom`
- 4 fields: `top`, `right`, `bottom`, `left`
### Border
- Format: `{Integer}`
- Format: `{Distance}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Distance}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Distance} {Distance}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Distance} {Distance} {Distance}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Line style}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Line style} {Distance} {Line style}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Line style} {Distance} {Line style} {Distance} {Line
style}`
- Format: `{Distance} {Line style} {Distance} {Line style} {Distance} {Line
style} {Distance} {Line style}`
Borders are identical to padding, except that each distance field has a line
style property.
> When no unit is specified, pixels are assumed.
### Position
Indicate a place on the window/monitor.
```text
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐
│ north west │ north │ north east │
├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤
│ west │ center │ east │
├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤
│ south west │ south │ south east │
└─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘
```
- Format: `(center|east|north|west|south|north east|north west|south west|south
east)`
### Visibility
It is possible to hide widgets:
```css
inputbar {
enabled: false;
}
```
### Reference
- Format: `@{PROPERTY NAME}`
A reference can point to another reference. Currently, the maximum number of
redirects is 20. A property always refers to another property. It cannot be
used for a subpart of the property. For example, this is not valid:
```css
highlight: bold @pink;
```
But this is:
```css
* {
myhigh: bold #FAA;
}
window {
highlight: @myhigh;
}
```
- Format: `var(PROPERTY NAME, DEFAULT)`
A reference can point to another reference. Currently, the maximum number of
redirects is 20. A property always refers to another property. It cannot be
used for a subpart of the property.
Example:
```css
window {
width: var( width, 30%);
}
```
If the property `width` is set globally (`*{}`) that value is used, if the
property `width` is not set, the default value is used.
### Orientation
- Format: `(horizontal|vertical)`
Specify the orientation of the widget.
### Cursor
- Format: `(default|pointer|text)`
Specify the type of mouse cursor that is set when the mouse pointer is over the
widget.
### List of keywords
- Format: `[ keyword, keyword ]`
A list starts with a '[' and ends with a ']'. The entries in the list are
comma-separated. The `keyword` in the list refers to an widget name.
### List of values
- Format: `[ value, value, ... ]`
An list starts with a '[' and ends with a ']'. The entries in the list are
comma-separated.
### Environment variable
- Format: `${:alnum:}`
This will parse the environment variable as the property value. (that then can
be any of the above types). The environment variable should be an alphanumeric
string without white-space.
```css
* {
background-color: ${BG};
}
```
- Format: `env(ENVIRONMENT, default)`
This will parse the environment variable as the property value. (that then can
be any of the above types). The environment variable should be an alphanumeric
string without white-space. If the environment value is not found, the default
value is used.
```css
window {
width: env(WIDTH, 40%);
}
```
If environment WIDTH is set, then that value is parsed, otherwise the default
value (`40%`).
### Inherit
- Format: `inherit`
Inherits the property from its parent widget.
```css
mainbox {
border-color: inherit;
}
```
## Elements paths
Element paths exists of two parts, the first part refers to the actual widget
by name. Some widgets have an extra state.
For example:
```css
element selected {
}
```
Here `element selected` is the name of the widget, `selected` is the state of
the widget.
The difference between dots and spaces is purely cosmetic. These are all the
same:
```css
element .selected {
element.selected {
}
element selected {
}
```
### Supported element paths
### Base widgets
The default widgets available in **rofi** and the default hierarchic:
- `window`
- `overlay`: the overlay widget.
- `mainbox`: The mainbox box.
- `inputbar`: The input bar box.
- `box`: the horizontal @box packing the widgets
- `case-indicator`: the case/sort indicator @textbox
- `prompt`: the prompt @textbox
- `entry`: the main entry @textbox
- `num-rows`: Shows the total number of rows.
- `num-filtered-rows`: Shows the total number of rows after
filtering.
- `textbox-current-entry`: Shows the text of the currently selected
entry.
- `icon-current-entry`: Shows the icon of the currently selected
entry.
- `listview`: The listview.
- `scrollbar`: the listview scrollbar
- `element`: a box in the listview holding the entries
- `element-icon`: the widget in the listview's entry showing the
(optional) icon
- `element-index`: the widget in the listview's entry
keybindable index (1,2,3..0)
- `element-text`: the widget in the listview's entry showing the
text.
- `mode-switcher`: the main horizontal @box packing the buttons.
- `button`: the buttons @textbox for each mode
- `message`: The container holding the textbox.
- `textbox`: the message textbox
Note that these path names match the default theme. Themes that provide a
custom layout will have different elements, and structure.
### State
State: State of widget
Optional flag(s) indicating state of the widget, used for theming.
These are appended after the name or class of the widget.
#### Example
```
button selected.normal { }
element selected.urgent { }
```
Currently only the entrybox and scrollbar have states:
#### Entrybox
```
{visible modifier}.{state}
```
Where `visible modifier` can be:
- normal: no modification
- selected: the entry is selected/highlighted by user
- alternate: the entry is at an alternating row (uneven row)
Where `state` is:
- normal: no modification
- urgent: this entry is marked urgent
- active: this entry is marked active
These can be mixed.
Example:
```css
nametotextbox selected.active {
background-color: #003642;
text-color: #008ed4;
}
```
Sets all selected textboxes marked active to the given text and background
color. Note that a state modifies the original element, it therefore contains
all the properties of that element.
#### Scrollbar
The scrollbar uses the `handle` state when drawing the small scrollbar handle.
This allows the colors used for drawing the handle to be set independently.
## Widget properties
The following properties are currently supported:
### all widgets
- **enabled**: enable/disable rendering of the widget
- **padding**: padding
Padding on the inside of the widget
- **margin**: padding
Margin on the outside of the widget
- **border**: border
Border around the widget (between padding and margin)/
- **border-radius**: padding
Sets a radius on the corners of the borders.
- **background-color**: color
Background color
- **background-image**: image
Background image
- **border-color**: color
Color of the border
- **cursor**: cursor
Type of mouse cursor that is set when the mouse pointer is hovered over the
widget.
### window
- **font**: string
The font used in the window
- **transparency**: string
Indicating if transparency should be used and what type:
- **real** - True transparency. Only works with a compositor.
- **background** - Take a screenshot of the background image and use that.
- **screenshot** - Take a screenshot of the screen and use that.
- **Path** to png file - Use an image.
- **location**: position
The place of the anchor on the monitor
- **anchor**: anchor
The anchor position on the window
- **fullscreen**: boolean Window is fullscreen.
- **width**: distance The width of the window
- **x-offset**: distance
- **y-offset**: distance The offset of the window to the anchor point,
allowing you to push the window left/right/up/down
### scrollbar Properties
- **background-color**: color
- **handle-width**: distance
- **handle-color**: color
- **border-color**: color
### box
- **orientation**: orientation Set the direction the elements are packed.
- **spacing**: distance Distance between the packed elements.
### textbox
- **background-color**: color
- **border-color**: the color used for the border around the widget.
- **font**: the font used by this textbox (string).
- **str**/**content**: the string to display by this textbox (string).
- **vertical-align**: Vertical alignment of the text. A number between 0
(top) and 1 (bottom).
- **horizontal-align**: Horizontal alignment of the text. A number between 0
(left) and 1 (right).
- **text-color**: the text color to use.
- **text-transform**: text style {color} for the whole text.
- **highlight**: text style {color}. color is optional, multiple
highlight styles can be added like: bold underline italic #000000; This
option is only available on the `element-text` widget.
- **width**: override the desired width for the textbox.
- **content**: Set the displayed text (String).
- **placeholder**: Set the displayed text (String) when nothing is
entered.
- **placeholder-markup**: If true, placeholder text supports pango
markup for stylizing.
- **placeholder-color**: Color of the placeholder text.
- **blink**: Enable/Disable blinking on an input textbox
(Boolean).
- **markup**: Force markup on, beware that only valid pango markup
strings are shown.
- **tab-stops**: array of distances. Set the location of tab stops by
their distance from the beginning of the line. Each distance should be
greater than the previous one. The text appears to the right of the tab
stop position (other alignments are not supported yet).
- **cursor-width**: The width of the cursor.
- **cursor-color**: The color used to draw the cursor.
- **cursor-outline**: Enable a border (outline) around the cursor.
(Boolean)
- **cursor-outline-width**: The width of the border around the cursor.
(Double)
- **cursor-outline-color**: The color to use for the cursor outline.
(Color)
- **text-outline**: Enable a border (outline) around the text. (Boolean)
- **text-outline-width**: The width of the border around the text. (Double)
- **text-outline-color**: The color to use for the text outline. (Color)
### listview
- **columns**: integer Number of columns to show (at least 1)
- **fixed-height**: boolean Always show `lines` rows, even if fewer
elements are available.
- **dynamic**: boolean `True` if the size should change when filtering
the list, `False` if it should keep the original height.
- **scrollbar**: boolean If the scrollbar should be enabled/disabled.
- **scrollbar-width**: distance Width of the scrollbar
- **cycle**: boolean When navigating, it should wrap around
- **spacing**: distance Spacing between the elements (both vertical
and horizontal)
- **lines**: integer Number of rows to show in the list view.
- **layout**: orientation Indicate how elements are stacked.
Horizontal implements the dmenu style.
- **reverse**: boolean Reverse the ordering (top down to bottom up).
- **flow**: orientation The order the elements are layed out.
Vertical is the original 'column' view.
- **fixed-columns**: boolean Do not reduce the number of columns shown when
number of visible elements is not enough to fill them all.
- **require-input**: boolean Listview requires user input to be unhidden.
The list is still present and hitting accept will activate the first entry.
## Listview widget
The listview widget is special container widget.
It has the following fixed children widgets:
- 0 or more `element` widgets of the type box.
- An optional `scrollbar` widget. This can be enabled using the scrollbar
property.
These cannot be changed using the `children` property.
Each Entry displayed by listview is captured by a `box` called `element`.
An `element` widget can contain the following special child widgets:
- `element-icon`: An icon widget showing the icon associated to the entry.
- `element-text`: A textbox widget showing the text associated to the entry.
- `element-index`: A textbox widget that shows the shortcut keybinding number.
By default the `element-icon` and `element-text` child widgets are added to the
`element`. This can be modified using the `children` property or the
`[no]-show-icons` option.
A child added with another name is treated the same as the special widget
described in the [advanced layout](#advanced-layout) section.
### listview text highlight
The `element-text` widget in the `listview` is the one used to show the text.
On this widget set the `highlight` property (only place this property is used)
to change the style of highlighting. The `highlight` property consist of the
`text-style` property and a color.
To disable highlighting:
```css
element-text {
highlight: None;
}
```
To set to red underlined:
```css
element-text {
highlight: underline red;
}
```
## Layout
The new format allows the layout of the **rofi** window to be tweaked
extensively. For each widget, the themer can specify padding, margin, border,
font, and more. It even allows, as an advanced feature, to pack widgets in a
custom structure.
### Basic layout structure
The whole view is made out of boxes that pack other boxes or widgets.
The box can be vertical or horizontal. This is loosely inspired by [GTK](http://gtk.org/).
The current layout of **rofi** is structured as follows:
```text
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ window {BOX:vertical} │
│ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ mainbox {BOX:vertical} │ │
│ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ inputbar {BOX:horizontal} │ │ │
│ │ │ ┌─────────┐ ┌─┐ ┌───────────────────────────────┐ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ prompt │ │:│ │ entry │ │#fr│ │ / │ │#ns│ │ci │ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─────────┘ └─┘ └───────────────────────────────┘ └───┘ └───┘ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ │
│ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ message │ │ │
│ │ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ textbox │ │ │ │
│ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │
│ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ listview │ │ │
│ │ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ element │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │element─icon │ │element─text │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │
│ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ mode─switcher {BOX:horizontal} │ │ │
│ │ │ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ Button │ │ Button │ │ Button │ │ Button │ │ │ │
│ │ │ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └───────────────┘ │ │ │
│ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
> - ci is the case-indicator
> - fr is the num-filtered-rows
> - ns is the num-rows
### Error message structure
```text
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ window {BOX:vertical} │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ error─message {BOX:vertical} │ │
│ │ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ textbox │ │ │
│ │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### Advanced layout
The layout of **rofi** can be tweaked by packing the 'fixed' widgets in a
custom structure.
The following widgets are fixed, as they provide core **rofi** functionality:
- prompt
- entry
- overlay
- case-indicator
- message
- listview
- mode-switcher
- num-rows
- num-filtered-rows
The following keywords are defined and can be used to automatically pack a
subset of the widgets. These are used in the default theme as depicted in the
figure above.
- mainbox Packs: `inputbar, message, listview, mode-switcher`
- inputbar Packs: `prompt,entry,case-indicator`
Any widget name starting with `textbox` is a textbox widget, others are box
widgets and can pack other widgets.
There are several special widgets that can be used by prefixing the name of the
widget:
#### Textbox widget
This is a read-only textbox widget. The displayed string can be set with `content`.
Example:
```css
textbox-custom {
expand: false;
content: "My Message";
}
```
#### Icon
This is an icon widget. The displayed icon can be set with `filename` and size
with `size`. If the property `action` is set, it acts as a button. `action` can
be set to a keybinding name and completes that action. (see rofi -show keys for
a list).
If the `squared` property is set to **false** the widget height and width are
not forced to be equal.
Example:
```css
icon-paste {
expand: false;
filename: "gtk-paste";
size: 24;
vertical-align: 0.5;
action: "kb-primary-paste";
}
```
#### button
This is a textbox widget that can have a 'clickable' action. The `action` can
be set to: `keybinding`: accepts a keybinding name and completes that action.
(see rofi -show keys for a list).
```css
button-paste {
expand: false;
content: "My Clickable Message";
vertical-align: 0.5;
action: "kb-primary-paste";
}
```
#### Children
To specify children, set the `children`
property (this always happens on the `box` child, see example below):
```css
inputbar {
children: [prompt,entry,overlay,case-indicator];
}
```
The theme needs to be updated to match the hierarchy specified.
Below is an example of a theme emulating dmenu:
```css
* {
background-color: Black;
text-color: White;
border-color: White;
font: "Times New Roman 12";
}
window {
anchor: north;
location: north;
width: 100%;
padding: 4px;
children: [ horibox ];
}
horibox {
orientation: horizontal;
children: [ prompt, entry, listview ];
}
listview {
layout: horizontal;
spacing: 5px;
lines: 10;
}
entry {
expand: false;
width: 10em;
}
element {
padding: 0px 2px;
}
element selected {
background-color: SteelBlue;
}
```
### Padding and margin
Just like CSS, **rofi** uses the box model for each widget.
```text
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ margin │
│ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ border │ │
│ │ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ padding │ │ │
│ │ │ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ content │ │ │ │
│ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │
│ │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
Explanation of the different parts:
- Content - The content of the widget.
- Padding - Clears an area around the widget. The padding shows the
background color of the widget.
- Border - A border that goes around the padding and content. The border use
the border-color of the widget.
- Margin - Clears an area outside the border. The margin is transparent.
The box model allows us to add a border around elements, and to define space
between elements.
The size of each margin, border, and padding can be set.
For the border, a linestyle and radius can be set.
### Spacing
Widgets that can pack more then one child widget (currently box and listview)
have the `spacing` property. This property sets the distance between the packed
widgets (both horizontally and vertically).
```text
┌───────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌────────┐ s ┌────────┐ s ┌────────┐ │
│ │ child │ p │ child │ p │ child │ │
│ │ │ a │ │ a │ │ │
│ │ │ c │ │ c │ │ │
│ │ │ i │ │ i │ │ │
│ │ │ n │ │ n │ │ │
│ └────────┘ g └────────┘ g └────────┘ │
└───────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### Advanced box packing
More dynamic spacing can be achieved by adding dummy widgets, for example to
make one widget centered:
```text
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌───────────────┐ ┌────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ │
│ │ dummy │ │ child │ │ dummy │ │
│ │ expand: true; │ │ │ │ expand: true; │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ └───────────────┘ └────────┘ └───────────────┘ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
If both dummy widgets are set to expand, `child` will be centered. Depending on
the `expand` flag of child the remaining space will be equally divided between
both dummy and child widget (expand enabled), or both dummy widgets (expand
disabled).
## Debugging
To get debug information from the parser, run rofi like:
```bash
G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=Parser rofi -show run
```
Syntax errors are shown in a popup and printed out to command line with the
above command.
To see the elements queried during running, run:
```bash
G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=Theme rofi -show run
```
To test minor changes, part of the theme can be passed on the command line, for
example to set it to full-screen:
```bash
rofi -theme-str 'window { fullscreen:true;}' -show run
```
Another syntax to modify theme properties is:
```bash
rofi -theme+window+fullscreen true -show run
```
To print the current theme, run:
```bash
rofi -dump-theme
```
## Media support
Parts of the theme can be conditionally loaded, like the CSS `@media` option.
```css
@media ( min-width: 120 ) {
}
```
It supports the following keys as constraint:
- `min-width`: load when width is bigger or equal then value.
- `max-width`: load when width is smaller then value.
- `min-height`: load when height is bigger or equal then value.
- `max-height`: load when height is smaller then value.
- `min-aspect-ratio` load when aspect ratio is over value.
- `max-aspect-ratio`: load when aspect ratio is under value.
- `monitor-id`: The monitor id, see rofi -help for id's.
- `enabled`: Boolean option to enable. Supports environment variable
or DMENU to detect if in dmenu mode.
@media takes an integer number or a fraction, for integer number `px` can be
added.
```css
@media ( min-width: 120 px ) {
}
```
```css
@media ( enabled: env(DO_LIGHT, false )) {
}
```
```css
@media ( enabled: DMENU) {
}
```
## Conflicting constraints
It is possible to define conflicting constraints in the theme. These conflicts
are not explicitly reported. The most common example is forcing a specific
window size, for example by enabling full-screen mode, having number of lines
set in the listview and having the listview expand to available space. There is
clearly a conflict in these 3 constraints. In this case, listview will not
limit to the number of lines, but tries to fill the available space. It is up
to the theme designer to make sure the theme handles this correctly.
## Font Parsing
Rofi uses [pango](https://pango.gnome.org/) for font rendering. The font should
be specified in a format that pango understands. This normally is the font name
followed by the font size. For example:
```text
mono 18
```
Or
```text
FontAwesome 22
```
From the pango manpage:
The string must have the form
```text
\[FAMILY-LIST] \[STYLE-OPTIONS] \[SIZE] \[VARIATIONS]
```
where FAMILY-LIST is a comma-separated list of families optionally terminated
by a comma, STYLE\_OPTIONS is a whitespace-separated list of words where each
word describes one of style, variant, weight, stretch, or gravity, and SIZE is
a decimal number (size in points) or optionally followed by the unit modifier
“px” for absolute size. VARIATIONS is a comma-separated list of font variation
specifications of the form “`axis`=value” (the = sign is optional).
The following words are understood as styles: "Normal”, “Roman”, “Oblique”,
“Italic”.
The following words are understood as variants: “Small-Caps”, “All-Small-Caps”,
“Petite-Caps”, “All-Petite-Caps”, “Unicase”, “Title-Caps”.
The following words are understood as weights: “Thin”, “Ultra-Light”,
“Extra-Light”, “Light”, “Semi-Light”, “Demi-Light”, “Book”, “Regular”,
“Medium”, “Semi-Bold”, “Demi-Bold”, “Bold”, “Ultra-Bold”, “Extra-Bold”,
“Heavy”, “Black”, “Ultra-Black”, “Extra-Black”.
The following words are understood as stretch values: “Ultra-Condensed”,
“Extra-Condensed”, “Condensed”, “Semi-Condensed”, “Semi-Expanded”, “Expanded”,
“Extra-Expanded”, “Ultra-Expanded”.
The following words are understood as gravity values: “Not-Rotated”, “South”,
“Upside-Down”, “North”, “Rotated-Left”, “East”, “Rotated-Right”, “West”.
Any one of the options may be absent. If FAMILY-LIST is absent, then the
family\_name field of the resulting font description will be initialized to
NULL. If STYLE-OPTIONS is missing, then all style options will be set to the
default values. If SIZE is missing, the size in the resulting font description
will be set to 0.
A typical example:
"Cantarell Italic Light 15 \`wght`=200"
## Icon Handling
Rofi supports 3 ways of specifying an icon:
- Filename
- icon-name, this is looked up via the icon-theme.
- Markup String. It renders a string as an icon.
For the first two options, GdkPixbuf is used to open and render the icons.
This in general gives support for most required image formats.
For the string option it uses Pango to render the string. The string needs to
start with a `<span` tag, that allows you to set color and font.
Markup string:
```bash
echo -en "testing\0icon\x1f<span color='red'>⏻</span>" | ./rofi -dmenu
```
Getting supported icon formats:
```bash
G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=Helpers.IconFetcher rofi
```
This uses the debug framework and prints out a list of supported image file
extensions.
## Multiple file handling
The rasi file format offers two methods of including other files. This can be
used to modify existing themes, or have multiple variations on a theme.
- import: Import and parse a second file.
- theme: Discard theme, and load file as a fresh theme.
Syntax:
```css
@import "myfile"
@theme "mytheme"
```
The specified file can either by *name*, *filename*,*full path*.
If a filename is provided, it will try to resolve it in the following order:
- If path is absolute and file exists, it will open the file. This includes expansion of '~' or '~user'
- On an `@import` or `@theme` it looks in the directory of the file that tried to include it.
- `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/rofi/themes/`
- `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/rofi/`
- `${XDG_DATA_HOME}/rofi/themes/`
- `${INSTALL PREFIX}/share/rofi/themes/`
A name is resolved (if it has no valid extension) as a filename by appending the `.rasi` extension.
## Examples
Several examples are installed together with **rofi**. These can be found in
`{datadir}/rofi/themes/`, where `{datadir}` is the install path of **rofi**
data. When installed using a package manager, this is usually: `/usr/share/`.
## SEE ALSO
rofi(1), rofi-script(5), rofi-theme-selector(1)
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