falsehood/readme.md

😱 Awesome Falsehood

A curated list of falsehoods programmers believe in.

The logic of the world is prior to all truth and falsehood.
— Ludwig Wittgenstein^[1]

Falsehood articles are a form of commentary on a particular subject, and are appreciated by the developer community at large for their effectiveness and terseness. They're a convenient written form to approach an unfamiliar domain by dispelling myths, point out common pitfalls, show inconsistencies and subtleties.

In a sense, Falsehood articles are a suite of wordy unit-tests covering extensive edge-cases provided by real-world usage.

Contents

• Meta
• Arts
• Business
• Dates and Time
• Education
• Emails
• Geography
• Human Identity
• Internationalization
• Management
• Multimedia
• Networks
• Phone Numbers
• Postal Addresses
• Science
• Society
• Software Engineering
• Typography

Meta

• Falsehoods Programmers Believe - A brief list of common falsehoods. A great overview and quick introduction into the world of falsehoods.
• Falsehoods About Programming - A humbling and fun list on programming and programmers themselves.
• Falsehoods About Falsehoods Lists - Meta commentary on how these falsehoods shouldn't be handled.

Arts

• Falsehoods About Music - False assumption that might be made in codifying music.
• Falsehoods About Art - Common misconceptions about art.

Business

• Falsehoods About Online Shopping - Covers prices, currencies and inventory.
• Falsehoods About Prices - Covers currencies, amounts and localization.
• Falsehoods About IBANs - International Bank Account Numbers are not immune to mistakes.
• Falsehoods About Economics - Economics are not simple or rational.
• Falsehoods About Cars - Even something as common as defining a car is full of pitfalls.
• Decimal Point Error in Etsy's Accounting System - The importance of types in accounting software: missing the decimal point ends up with 100x over-charges.
• CLDR currency definitions - Currency validity date ranges overlap due to revolts, invasions, new constitutions, and slow planned adoption.
• tax - A PHP 5.4+ tax management library.

Dates and Time

• Falsehoods About Time - Seminal article on dates and time.
• More Falsehoods About Time - Part. 2 of the article above.
• Falsehoods About Time and Time Zones - Another takes on time-related falsehoods, with an emphasis on time zones.
• Critique of Falsehoods About Time - Takes on the first article above and provides an explanation of each falsehood, with more context and external resources.
• Your Calendrical Fallacy Is Thinking… - List covering intercalation and cultural influence, made by a community of iOS and macOS developers.
• Time Zone Database - Code and data that represent the history of local time for many representative locations around the globe.
• The Long, Painful History of Time - Most of the idiosyncrasies in time keeping can find an explanation in history.
• You Advocate a Calendar Reform - Your idea will not work. This article tells you why.
• So You Want to Abolish Time Zones - Abolishing timezones may sound like a good idea, but there are quite a few complications that make it not quite so.
• The Problem with Time & Timezones - A video about why you should never, ever deal with timezones if you can help it.
• $26,000 Overcollection by Labor Department - The consequence of wrong calendar accounting.
• ISO-8601, YYYY, yyyy, and why your year may be wrong - String formatting of date is hard.
• UTC is Enough for everyone, right? - There are edge cases about dates and time (specifically UTC) that you probably haven't thought of.
• Storing UTC is not a silver bullet - "Just store dates in UTC" is not always the right approach.
• Falsehoods about Unix Time - Mind the leap second!
• Why is subtracting these two times (in 1927) giving a strange result? - Infamous Stack Overflow answer about both complicated historical timezones, and how historical dates can be re-interpreted by newer versions of software.
• Critical and Significant Dates - From Y2K to the overflow of 32-bit seconds from unix epoch, a list of special date to watch for depending on the system.

Education

• Falsehoods CS Students (Still) Believe Upon Graduating - A list of things (not only) computer science students tend to erroneously and at times surprisingly believe even though they (probably) should know better.
• Postdoc myths - Lots of things are said, written and believed about postdoctoral researchers that are simply not true..

Emails

• I Knew How to Validate an Email Address Until I Read the RFC - Provides intricate examples that are unsuspected valid email addresses according the RFC-822.
• So you think you can validate email addresses (FOSDEM 2018) - Presentation of edge-case email addresses and why you should not use regex to parse them.

Geography

• Falsehoods About Geography - Takes on places, their names and locations.
• Falsehoods About Maps - Covers coordinates, projection and GIS.

Human Identity

• Falsehoods About Names - The article that started it all.
• Falsehoods About Names – With Examples - A revisited version of the article above, this time with detailed explanations.
• Falsehoods About Gender: #1 & #2 - Gender is part of human identity and has its own subtleties.
• Gay Marriage: The Database Engineering Perspective - How to store a marriage in a database while addressing most of the falsehoods about gender, naming and relationships.
• Falsehoods Programmers Believe About Families - You can't really define a family with strict rules.
• Personal Names Around the World - How do people's names differ around the world, and what are the implications for the Web?
• XKCD #327: Exploits of a Mom - Funny take on how implementation of a falsehood might lead to security holes.
• Hello, I'm Mr. Null. My Name Makes Me Invisible to Computers - Real-life example on how implemented falsehood has negative impact on someone's life.
• My name causes an issue with any booking! - Old airline reservation systems considers the MR suffix as Mister and drops it.
• HL7 v3 RIM - A flexible data model for representing human names.
• Apple iOS NSPersonNameComponentsFormatter - Localized representations of the components of a person's name.
• Falsehoods About Me - Issues at the intersection of names and gender and internationalization.

Internationalization

On character encoding, string formatting, unicode and internationalization.

• Falsehoods About Language - Translating a software from English is not as straightforward as it seems to be.
• Internationalis(z)ing Code - A video about things you need to keep in mind when internationalizing your code.
• Minimum to Know About Unicode and Character Sets - A good introduction to unicode, its historical context and origins, followed by an overview of its inner working.
• Awesome Unicode - A curated list of delightful Unicode tidbits, packages and resources.
• Dark corners of Unicode - Unicode is extensive, here be dragons.
• Let's Stop Ascribing Meaning to Code Points - Dives deeper in Unicode and dispels myths about code points.
• Breaking Our Latin-1 Assumptions - Most programmers spend so much time with Latin-1 they forgets about other's scripts quirks.
• Ode to a shipping label - Character encoding is hard, more so when each broken layer of data input adds its own spice.
• i18n Testing Data - Compilation of real-word international and diverse name data for unit testing and QA.
• Big List of Naughty Strings - A huge corpus of strings which have a high probability of causing issues when used as user-input data. A must have set of practical edge-cases to test your software against.

Management

• Falsehoods About Job Applicants - Assumptions about job applicants and their job histories aren't necessarily true.

Multimedia

• Falsehoods About Video - Cover it all: video decoding and playback, files, image scaling, color spaces and conversion, displays and subtitles.

Networks

• Falsehoods About Networks - Covers TCP, DHCP, DNS, VLANs and IPv4/v6.
• Fallacies of Distributed Computing - Assumptions that programmers new to distributed applications invariably make.
• There's more than one way to write an IP address - Some parts of the address are optional, mind the decimal and octal notations, and don't forget IPv6 either.
• hostname-validate - An attempt to validate hostnames in Python.

Phone Numbers

• Falsehoods About Phone Numbers - Covers phone numbers, their representation and meaning.
• libphonenumber - Google's common Java, C++ and JavaScript library for parsing, formatting, and validating international phone numbers. Also available for C#, Objective-C, Python, Ruby and PHP.

Postal Addresses

• Falsehoods About Addresses - Covers streets, postal codes, buildings, cities and countries.
• Falsehoods About Residence - It's not only about the address itself, but the relationship between a person and its residence.
• Letter Delivered Despite No Name, No Address - Ultimate falsehood about postal addresses: you do not need one.
• The Bear with Its Own ZIP Code - Smokey Bear has his own ZIP Code (20252) because he gets so much mail.
• Regex and Postal Addresses - Why regular expressions and street addresses do not mix.
• libaddressinput - Google's common C++ and Java library for parsing, formatting, and validating international postal addresses.
• addressing - A PHP 5.4+ addressing library, powered by Google's dataset.
• postal-address - Python module to parse, normalize and render postal addresses.
• address - Go library to validate and format addresses using Google's dataset.

Science

• Falsehoods About Systems of Measurement - On working with systems of measurement and converting between them.

Society

• Falsehoods About Political Appointments - Designing election systems has its own tricks.
• Falsehoods About Women In Tech - Myth about women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) industries.

Software Engineering

• Falsehoods About Versions - Attributing an identity to a software release might be harder than thought.
• Falsehoods About Build Systems - Building software is hard. Building software that builds software is harder.
• Myths About File Paths - Diversity of file-systems and OSes makes file paths a little harder than we might think of.
• Falsehoods About REST APIs - Pitfalls to be mindful of when creating and documenting APIs.
• Falsehoods About CSVs - While RFC4180 to exists, it is far from definitive and goes largely ignored.
• Falsehoods About Package Managers - Covers package and their managers.
• Falsehoods About Testing - An attempt to establish a list of falsehoods about testing.
• Popular misconceptions about mtime - Part of a post on why file's mtime comparison could be considered harmful.
• Falsehoods About Pagination - Why your pagination algorithm is giving someone (possibly you) a headache.
• Rules for Autocomplete - Not falsehoods per-se, but still a great list of good practices to implement autocompletion.
• Floating Point Math - "Your language isn’t broken, it’s doing floating point math. (...) This is why, more often than not, 0.1 + 0.2 != 0.3."
• Falsehoods About Search - Why search (including analysis, tokenization, highlighting) is deceptively complex.
• Hi! My name is… - This talk could have been named "falsehoods about usernames (and other identifiers)".
• Myths about /dev/urandom - There are a few things about /dev/urandom and /dev/random that are repeated again and again. Still they are false.
• Myths about CPU Caches - Misconceptions about caches often lead to false assertions, especially when it comes to concurrency and race conditions.
• The Hidden Complexity of Downloading Favicons, Told in 15+ Edge Cases - Downloading that little icon you see in you browser tabs should be a simple exercise. It turned out to be a lot more complicated than you think. Be vigilant that you are not shaving a Yak.
• Norway is not False - Norway's ISO country code is also valid YAML for False.

Typography

• Falsehoods About Fonts - Assumptions about typography on the web and in desktop applications.
• Truths programmers should know about case - A complete reverse of the falsehoods format, on the topic of case (as in uppercase and lowercase text).

Contributing

Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the contribution guidelines first.

License

Content of this repository is licensed under the Creative Commons CC0 license. To the extent possible under law, Kevin Deldycke has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.

The header image is based on a modified photo taken in February 2010 by Iza Bella, distributed under a Creative Commons BY-SA 2.0 UK license.

[1]: Notebooks, 1914-1916, page 14e (Harper & Brothers, New York, 1961). [↑]