haml--haml/doc-src/INDENTED_SYNTAX.md

Sass Indented Syntax

• Table of contents {:toc}

Sass's indented syntax (also known simply as "Sass") is designed to provide a more concise and, for some, more aesthetically appealing alternative to the CSS-based SCSS syntax. It's not compatible with CSS; instead of using { and } to delimit blocks of styles, it uses indentation, and instead of using semicolons to separate statements it uses newlines. This usually leads to substantially less text when saying the same thing.

Each statement in Sass, such as property declarations and selectors, must be placed on its own line. In addition, everything that would be within { and } after a statement must be on a new line and indented one level deeper than that statement. For example, this CSS:

#main {
  color: blue;
  font-size: 0.3em;
}

would be this Sass:

#main
  color: blue
  font-size: 0.3em

Similarly, this SCSS:

#main {
  color: blue;
  font-size: 0.3em;

  a {
    font: {
      weight: bold;
      family: serif;
    }
    &:hover {
      background-color: #eee;
    }
  }
}

would be this Sass:

#main
  color: blue
  font-size: 0.3em

  a
    font:
      weight: bold
      family: serif
    &:hover
      background-color: #eee

Sass Syntax Differences

In general, most CSS and SCSS syntax works straightforwardly in Sass by using newlines instead of semicolons and indentation instead of braces. However, there are some cases where there are differences or subtleties, which are detailed below.

Multiline Selectors

Normally in the indented syntax, a single selector must take up a single line. There is one exception, however: selectors can contain newlines as long as they only appear after commas. For example:

.users #userTab,
.posts #postTab
  width: 100px
  height: 30px

Comments

Like everything else in the indented syntax, comments are line-based. This means that they don't work the same way as in SCSS. They must take up an entire line, and they also encompass all text nested beneath them.

Like SCSS, the indented syntax supports two kinds of comments. Comments beginning with /* are preserved in the CSS output, although unlike SCSS they don't require a closing */. Comments beginning with // are removed entirely. For example:

/* This comment will appear in the CSS output.
  This is nested beneath the comment,
  so it's part of it
body
  color: black

// This comment will not appear in the CSS output.
  This is nested beneath the comment as well,
  so it also won't appear
a
  color: green

is compiled to:

/* This comment will appear in the CSS output.
 * This is nested beneath the comment,
 * so it's part of it */
body {
  color: black; }

a {
  color: green; }

@import

The @import directive in Sass does not require quotes. Quotes may be used; if they are, the directive will always be interpreted as a plain CSS @import rule. For example, this SCSS:

@import "themes/dark";
@import "font.sass";

would be this Sass:

@import themes/dark
@import font.sass

Mixin Directives

Sass supports shorthands for the @mixin and @include directives. Instead of writing @mixin, you can use the character =; instead of writing @include, you can use the character +. For example:

=large-text
  font:
    family: Arial
    size: 20px
    weight: bold
  color: #ff0000

h1
  +large-text

is the same as:

@mixin large-text
  font:
    family: Arial
    size: 20px
    weight: bold
  color: #ff0000

h1
  @include large-text

Deprecated Syntax

Since the indented syntax has been around for a while, previous versions have made some syntactic decisions that have since been changed. Some of the old syntax still works, though, so it's documented here.

Note that this syntax is not recommended for use in new Sass files. It will print a warning if it's used, and it will be removed in a future version.

= for Properties and Variables

= used to be used instead of : when setting variables and when setting properties to SassScript values. It has slightly different semantics than :; see {file:SASS_CHANGELOG.md#3-0-0-sass-script-context this changelog entry} for details.

||= for Default Variables

||= used to be used instead of : when setting the default value of a variable. The !default flag was not used. The variable value has the same semantics as =; see {file:SASS_CHANGELOG.md#3-0-0-sass-script-context this changelog entry} for details.

! Prefix for Variables

! used to be used as the variable prefix instead of $. This had no difference in functionality; it was a purely aesthetic change.