Use static message when raising HTTP request parameter parse errors

When parsing HTTP request parameters, Rails delegates to a set of parsing
strategies based on the MIME type. If any of these strategies raises an
error Rails rescues it and raises an instance of
`ActionDispatch::Http::Parameters::ParseError` with the same message as
the underlying error.

However, in the presence of malformed JSON, the default parameter parser
for the `application/json` MIME type raises a `JSON:ParserError` with a
message containing the entire malformed JSON string (the request body in
this context). By raising a new error with this same message Rails
inadvertently ends up logging the full HTTP request body at the `fatal`
level. This request body could contain sensitive information or could be
intentionally crafted to be extremely large.

This commit sets the `ActionDispatch::Http::Parameters::ParseError` message
to a static message which mirrors that of the corresponding `debug` log.

actionpack/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+*   Use a static error message when raising `ActionDispatch::Http::Parameters::ParseError`
+    to avoid inadvertently logging the HTTP request body at the `fatal` level when it contains
+    malformed JSON.
+
+    Fixes #41145
+
+    *Aaron Lahey*
+
 *   Add `Middleware#delete!` to delete middleware or raise if not found.
 
     `Middleware#delete!` works just like `Middleware#delete` but will

actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/parameters.rb

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ module ActionDispatch
       # Raised when raw data from the request cannot be parsed by the parser
       # defined for request's content MIME type.
       class ParseError < StandardError
-        def initialize
-          super($!.message)
+        def initialize(message = $!.message)
+          super(message)
         end
       end
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
             strategy.call(raw_post)
           rescue # JSON or Ruby code block errors.
             log_parse_error_once
-            raise ParseError
+            raise ParseError, "Error occurred while parsing request parameters"
           end
         end
 

actionpack/test/dispatch/request/json_params_parsing_test.rb

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class JsonParamsParsingTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
         post "/parse", params: json, headers: { "CONTENT_TYPE" => "application/json", "action_dispatch.show_exceptions" => false }
       end
       assert_equal JSON::ParserError, exception.cause.class
-      assert_equal exception.cause.message, exception.message
+      assert_equal "Error occurred while parsing request parameters", exception.message
     ensure
       $stderr = STDERR
     end