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133 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
133 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
# Active Job – Make work happen later
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Active Job is a framework for declaring jobs and making them run on a variety
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of queuing backends. These jobs can be everything from regularly scheduled
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clean-ups, to billing charges, to mailings. Anything that can be chopped up into
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small units of work and run in parallel, really.
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It also serves as the backend for Action Mailer's #deliver_later functionality
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that makes it easy to turn any mailing into a job for running later. That's
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one of the most common jobs in a modern web application: sending emails outside
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of the request-response cycle, so the user doesn't have to wait on it.
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The main point is to ensure that all Rails apps will have a job infrastructure
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in place, even if it's in the form of an "immediate runner". We can then have
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framework features and other gems build on top of that, without having to worry
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about API differences between Delayed Job and Resque. Picking your queuing
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backend becomes more of an operational concern, then. And you'll be able to
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switch between them without having to rewrite your jobs.
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You can read more about Active Job in the [Active Job Basics](https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/active_job_basics.html) guide.
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## Usage
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To learn how to use your preferred queuing backend see its adapter
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documentation at
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[ActiveJob::QueueAdapters](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveJob/QueueAdapters.html).
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Declare a job like so:
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```ruby
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class MyJob < ActiveJob::Base
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queue_as :my_jobs
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def perform(record)
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record.do_work
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end
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end
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```
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Enqueue a job like so:
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```ruby
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MyJob.perform_later record # Enqueue a job to be performed as soon as the queuing system is free.
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```
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```ruby
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MyJob.set(wait_until: Date.tomorrow.noon).perform_later(record) # Enqueue a job to be performed tomorrow at noon.
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```
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```ruby
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MyJob.set(wait: 1.week).perform_later(record) # Enqueue a job to be performed 1 week from now.
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```
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That's it!
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## GlobalID support
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Active Job supports [GlobalID serialization](https://github.com/rails/globalid/) for parameters. This makes it possible
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to pass live Active Record objects to your job instead of class/id pairs, which
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you then have to manually deserialize. Before, jobs would look like this:
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```ruby
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class TrashableCleanupJob
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def perform(trashable_class, trashable_id, depth)
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trashable = trashable_class.constantize.find(trashable_id)
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trashable.cleanup(depth)
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end
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end
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```
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Now you can simply do:
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```ruby
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class TrashableCleanupJob
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def perform(trashable, depth)
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trashable.cleanup(depth)
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end
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end
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```
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This works with any class that mixes in GlobalID::Identification, which
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by default has been mixed into Active Record classes.
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## Supported queuing systems
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Active Job has built-in adapters for multiple queuing backends (Sidekiq,
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Resque, Delayed Job and others). To get an up-to-date list of the adapters
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see the API Documentation for [ActiveJob::QueueAdapters](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveJob/QueueAdapters.html).
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**Please note:** We are not accepting pull requests for new adapters. We
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encourage library authors to provide an ActiveJob adapter as part of
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their gem, or as a stand-alone gem. For discussion about this see the
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following PRs: [23311](https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/23311#issuecomment-176275718),
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[21406](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21406#issuecomment-138813484), and [#32285](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/32285).
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## Auxiliary gems
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* [activejob-stats](https://github.com/seuros/activejob-stats)
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## Download and installation
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The latest version of Active Job can be installed with RubyGems:
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```
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$ gem install activejob
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```
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Source code can be downloaded as part of the Rails project on GitHub:
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* https://github.com/rails/rails/tree/master/activejob
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## License
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Active Job is released under the MIT license:
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* https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
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## Support
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API documentation is at:
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* https://api.rubyonrails.org
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Bug reports for the Ruby on Rails project can be filed here:
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* https://github.com/rails/rails/issues
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Feature requests should be discussed on the rails-core mailing list here:
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* https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/rubyonrails-core
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