438 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
438 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# NEWS for Ruby 3.1.0
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This document is a list of user visible feature changes
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since the **3.0.0** release, except for bug fixes.
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Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
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## Language changes
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* Pin operator now takes an expression. [[Feature #17411]]
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```ruby
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Prime.each_cons(2).lazy.find_all{_1 in [n, ^(n + 2)]}.take(3).to_a
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#=> [[3, 5], [5, 7], [11, 13]]
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```
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* Pin operator now supports instance, class, and global variables.
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[[Feature #17724]]
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```ruby
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@n = 5
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Prime.each_cons(2).lazy.find{_1 in [n, ^@n]}
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#=> [3, 5]
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```
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* One-line pattern matching is no longer experimental.
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* Multiple assignment evaluation order has been made consistent with
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single assignment evaluation order. With single assignment, Ruby
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uses a left-to-right evaluation order. With this code:
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```ruby
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foo[0] = bar
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```
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The following evaluation order is used:
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1. `foo`
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2. `bar`
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3. `[]=` called on the result of `foo`
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In Ruby before 3.1.0, multiple assignment did not follow this
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evaluation order. With this code:
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```ruby
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foo[0], bar.baz = a, b
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```
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Versions of Ruby before 3.1.0 would evaluate in the following
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order
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1. `a`
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2. `b`
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3. `foo`
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4. `[]=` called on the result of `foo`
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5. `bar`
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6. `baz=` called on the result of `bar`
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Starting in Ruby 3.1.0, evaluation order is now consistent with
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single assignment, with the left hand side being evaluated before
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the right hand side:
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1. `foo`
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2. `bar`
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3. `a`
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4. `b`
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5. `[]=` called on the result of `foo`
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6. `baz=` called on the result of `bar`
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[[Bug #4443]]
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* Values in Hash literals and keyword arguments can be omitted.
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[[Feature #14579]]
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For example,
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* `{x:, y:}` is a syntax sugar of `{x: x, y: y}`.
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* `foo(x:, y:)` is a syntax sugar of `foo(x: x, y: y)`.
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Constant names, local variable names, and method names are allowed as
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key names. Note that a reserved word is considered as a local
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variable or method name even if it's a pseudo variable name such as
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`self`.
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* non main-Ractors can get instance variables (ivars) of classes/modules
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if ivars refer to shareable objects.
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[[Feature #17592]]
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## Command line options
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## Core classes updates
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Outstanding ones only.
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* Array
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* Array#intersect? is added. [[Feature #15198]]
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* Class
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* Class#descendants, which returns an array of classes
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directly or indirectly inheriting from the receiver, not
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including the receiver or singleton classes.
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[[Feature #14394]]
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```ruby
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class A; end
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class B < A; end
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class C < B; end
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A.descendants #=> [B, C]
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B.descendants #=> [C]
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C.descendants #=> []
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```
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* Enumerable
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* Enumerable#compact is added. [[Feature #17312]]
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* Enumerable#tally now accepts an optional hash to count. [[Feature #17744]]
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* Enumerable#each_cons and each_slice to return a receiver. [[GH-1509]]
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```ruby
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[1, 2, 3].each_cons(2){}
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# 3.0 => nil
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# 3.1 => [1, 2, 3]
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[1, 2, 3].each_slice(2){}
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# 3.0 => nil
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# 3.1 => [1, 2, 3]
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```
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* Enumerator::Lazy
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* Enumerator::Lazy#compact is added. [[Feature #17312]]
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* File
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* File.dirname now accepts an optional argument for the level to
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strip path components. [[Feature #12194]]
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* Integer
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* Integer.try_convert is added. [[Feature #15211]]
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* MatchData
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* MatchData#match is added [[Feature #18172]]
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* MatchData#match_length is added [[Feature #18172]]
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* Module
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* Module#prepend now modifies the ancestor chain if the receiver
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already includes the argument. Module#prepend still does not
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modify the ancestor chain if the receiver has already prepended
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the argument. [[Bug #17423]]
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* Process
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* Process.\_fork is added. This is a core method for fork(2).
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Do not call this method directly; it is called by existing
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fork methods: Kernel.#fork, Process.fork, and IO.popen("-").
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Application monitoring libraries can overwride this method to
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hook fork event. [[Feature #17795]]
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* Struct
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* Passing only keyword arguments to Struct#initialize is warned.
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You need to use a Hash literal to set a Hash to a first member.
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[[Feature #16806]]
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* StructClass#keyword_init? is added [[Feature #18008]]
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* String
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* Update Unicode version to 13.0.0 [[Feature #17750]]
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and Emoji version to 13.0 [[Feature #18029]]
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* Queue
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* Queue#initialize now accepts an Enumerable of initial values.
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[[Feature #17327]]
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* Thread
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* Thread#native_thread_id is added. [[Feature #17853]]
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* Thread::Backtrace
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* Thread::Backtrace.limit, which returns the value to limit backtrace
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length set by `--backtrace-limit` command line option, is added.
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[[Feature #17479]]
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* $LOAD_PATH
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* $LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path does not raise. [[Feature #16043]]
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* Fiber Scheduler
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* Add support for `Addrinfo.getaddrinfo` using `address_resolve` hook.
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[[Feature #17370]]
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* Introduce non-blocking `Timeout.timeout` using `timeout_after` hook.
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[[Feature #17470]]
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* Introduce new scheduler hooks `io_read` and `io_write` along with a
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low level `IO::Buffer` for zero-copy read/write. [[Feature #18020]]
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* IO hooks `io_wait`, `io_read`, `io_write`, receive the original IO object
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where possible. [[Bug #18003]]
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* Make `Monitor` fiber-safe. [[Bug #17827]]
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* Replace copy coroutine with pthread implementation. [[Feature #18015]]
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* Refinement
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* New class which represents a module created by Module#refine.
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`include` and `prepend` are deprecated, and `import_methods` is added
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instead. [[Bug #17429]]
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## Stdlib updates
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* The following default gem are updated.
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* RubyGems
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* Bundler
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* RDoc 6.3.2
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* ReLine
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* JSON 2.6.1
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* Psych 4.0.2
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* FileUtils 1.6.0
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* Fiddle 1.1.0
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* StringIO 3.0.1
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* IO::Console 0.5.9
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* IO::Wait 0.2.0
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* CSV 3.2.1
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* Etc 1.3.0
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* Date 3.2.0
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* Zlib 2.1.1
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* StringScanner 3.0.1
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* IpAddr 1.2.2
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* Logger 1.4.4
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* OStruct 0.5.0
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* Irb
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* Racc 1.6.0
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* Delegate 0.2.0
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* Benchmark 0.2.0
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* CGI 0.3.0
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* Readline(C-ext) 0.1.3
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* Timeout 0.2.0
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* YAML 0.2.0
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* URI 0.11.0
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* OpenSSL
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* DidYouMean
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* Weakref 0.1.1
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* Tempfile 0.1.2
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* TmpDir 0.1.2
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* English 0.7.1
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* Net::Protocol 0.1.2
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* Net::Http 0.2.0
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* BigDecimal
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* OptionParser 0.2.0
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* Set 1.0.1
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* Find 0.1.1
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* Rinda 0.1.1
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* Erb 2.2.3
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* NKF 0.1.1
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* Base64 0.1.1
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* OpenUri 0.2.0
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* SecureRandom 0.1.1
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* Resolv 0.2.1
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* Resolv::Replace 0.1.0
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* Time 0.2.0
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* PP 0.2.1
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* Prettyprint 0.1.1
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* Drb 2.1.0
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* Pathname 0.2.0
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* Digest 3.1.0.pre2
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* Un 0.2.0
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* The following bundled gems are updated.
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* minitest 5.14.4
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* power_assert 2.0.1
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* rake 13.0.6
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* test-unit 3.5.0
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* rbs 1.6.2
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* typeprof 0.20.2
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* The following default gems are now bundled gems.
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* net-ftp
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* net-imap
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* net-pop
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* net-smtp
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* matrix
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* prime
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## Compatibility issues
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Excluding feature bug fixes.
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* `rb_io_wait_readable`, `rb_io_wait_writable` and `rb_wait_for_single_fd` are
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deprecated in favour of `rb_io_maybe_wait_readable`,
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`rb_io_maybe_wait_writable` and `rb_io_maybe_wait` respectively.
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`rb_thread_wait_fd` and `rb_thread_fd_writable` are deprecated. [[Bug #18003]]
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## Stdlib compatibility issues
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* `ERB#initialize` warns `safe_level` and later arguments even without -w.
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[[Feature #14256]]
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* `lib/debug.rb` is replaced with `debug.gem`
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## C API updates
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* Documented. [[GH-4815]]
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* `rb_gc_force_recycle` is deprecated and has been changed to a no-op.
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[[Feature #18290]]
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## Implementation improvements
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### JIT
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* The default `--jit-max-cache` is changed from 100 to 10000.
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* JIT-ed code is no longer cancelled when a TracePoint for class events
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is enabled.
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* The JIT compiler no longer skips compilation of methods longer than
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1000 instructions.
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* `--jit-verbose` and `--jit-warning` output "JIT cancel" when JIT-ed
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code is disabled because TracePoint or GC.compact is used.
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* `RubyVM::MJIT` is renamed to `RubyVM::JIT`. [[Feature #17490]]
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### YJIT: New experimental in-process JIT compiler
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New JIT compiler available as an experimental feature. [[Feature #18229]]
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See [this blog post](https://shopify.engineering/yjit-just-in-time-compiler-cruby
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) introducing the project.
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* Disabled by default, use `--yjit` command-line option to enable YJIT.
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* Performance improvements on most real-world software, up to 22% on railsbench, 39% on liquid-render.
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* Fast warm-up times.
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* Limited to macOS & Linux on x86-64 platforms for now.
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## Static analysis
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### RBS
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### TypeProf
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* [Experimental IDE support](https://github.com/ruby/typeprof/blob/master/doc/ide.md) has been implemented.
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* Many bug fixes and performance improvements since Ruby 3.0.0.
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## Debugger
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* A new debugger [debug.gem](https://github.com/ruby/debug) is bundled.
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debug.gem is fast debugger implementation and it provides many features
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like remote debugging, colorful REPL, IDE (VSCode) integration and more.
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It replaces `lib/debug.rb` standard library.
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* `rdbg` command is also installed into `bin/` directory to start and control
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debugging execution.
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## error_highlight
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A built-in gem, error_highlight, has been introduced.
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It includes fine-grained error location in backtrace:
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```
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$ ruby test.rb
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test.rb:1:in `<main>': undefined method `time' for 1:Integer (NoMethodError)
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1.time {}
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^^^^^
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Did you mean? times
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```
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This gem is enabled by default.
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You can disable it by using a command-line option `--disable-error_highlight`.
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See [the repository](https://github.com/ruby/error_highlight) in detail.
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## Miscellaneous changes
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* lib/objspace/trace.rb is added, which is a tool for tracing the object
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allocation. Just by requiring this file, tracing is started *immediately*.
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Just by `Kernel#p`, you can investigate where an object was created.
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Note that just requiring this file brings a large performance overhead.
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This is only for debugging purpose. Do not use this in production.
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[[Feature #17762]]
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* Now exceptions raised in finalizers will be printed to `STDERR`, unless
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`$VERBOSE` is `nil`. [[Feature #17798]]
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[Bug #4443]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/4443
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[Feature #12194]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12194
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[Feature #14256]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14256
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[Feature #14394]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14394
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[Feature #14579]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14579
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[Feature #15198]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15198
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[Feature #15211]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15211
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[Feature #16043]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16043
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[Feature #16806]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16806
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[Feature #17312]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17312
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[Feature #17327]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17327
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[Feature #17370]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17370
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[Feature #17411]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17411
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[Bug #17423]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17423
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[Bug #17429]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17429
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[Feature #17470]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17470
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[Feature #17479]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17479
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[Feature #17490]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17490
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[Feature #17592]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17592
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[Feature #17724]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17724
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[Feature #17744]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17744
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[Feature #17750]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17750
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[Feature #17762]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17762
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[Feature #17795]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17795
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[Feature #17798]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17798
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[Bug #17827]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17827
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[Feature #17853]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17853
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[Bug #18003]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18003
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[Feature #18008]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18008
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[Feature #18015]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18015
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[Feature #18020]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18020
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[Feature #18029]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18029
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[Feature #18172]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18172
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[Feature #18229]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18229
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[Feature #18290]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18290
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[GH-1509]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1509
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[GH-4815]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4815
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