eda851ee76
- Move 4.1 docs to 4.2 - Update versions everywhere to 4.1.3 with release script - Manually bump the shorthand version in package.json - Add 4.2 to the versions docs page - Update some redirects - Fix tests asset URLs - Bump Nuget and more
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| layout | title | description | group | toc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| docs | Spacing | Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin and padding utility classes to modify an element's appearance. | utilities | true |
How it works
Assign responsive-friendly margin or padding values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from .25rem to 3rem.
Notation
Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from xs to xl, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from min-width: 0 and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.
The classes are named using the format {property}{sides}-{size} for xs and {property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size} for sm, md, lg, and xl.
Where property is one of:
m- for classes that setmarginp- for classes that setpadding
Where sides is one of:
t- for classes that setmargin-toporpadding-topb- for classes that setmargin-bottomorpadding-bottoml- for classes that setmargin-leftorpadding-leftr- for classes that setmargin-rightorpadding-rightx- for classes that set both*-leftand*-righty- for classes that set both*-topand*-bottom- blank - for classes that set a
marginorpaddingon all 4 sides of the element
Where size is one of:
0- for classes that eliminate themarginorpaddingby setting it to01- (by default) for classes that set themarginorpaddingto$spacer * .252- (by default) for classes that set themarginorpaddingto$spacer * .53- (by default) for classes that set themarginorpaddingto$spacer4- (by default) for classes that set themarginorpaddingto$spacer * 1.55- (by default) for classes that set themarginorpaddingto$spacer * 3auto- for classes that set themarginto auto
(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the $spacers Sass map variable.)
Examples
Here are some representative examples of these classes:
{% highlight scss %} .mt-0 { margin-top: 0 !important; }
.ml-1 { margin-left: ($spacer * .25) !important; }
.px-2 { padding-left: ($spacer * .5) !important; padding-right: ($spacer * .5) !important; }
.p-3 { padding: $spacer !important; } {% endhighlight %}
Horizontal centering
Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an .mx-auto class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has display: block and a width set—by setting the horizontal margins to auto.
{% highlight html %}
Negative margin
In CSS, margin properties can utilize negative values (padding cannot). As of 4.2, we've added negative margin utilities for every non-zero integer size listed above (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). These utilities are ideal for customizing grid column gutters across breakpoints.
The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of n before the requested size. Here's an example class that's the opposite of .mt-1:
{% highlight scss %} .mt-n1 { margin-top: -0.25rem !important; } {% endhighlight %}
Here's an example of customizing the Bootstrap grid at the medium (md) breakpoint and above. We've increased the .col padding with .px-md-5 and then counteracted that with .mx-md-n5 on the parent .row.
{% capture example %}