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Useful Git commands
Here are some useful Git commands collected by the GitLab support team. You may not need to use often, but they can can come in handy when needed.
Remotes
Add another URL to a remote, so both remotes get updated on each push
git remote set-url --add <remote_name> <remote_url>
Staging and reverting changes
Remove last commit and leave the changes in unstaged
git reset --soft HEAD^
Unstage a certain number of commits from HEAD
To unstage 3 commits, for example, run:
git reset HEAD^3
Unstage changes to a certain file from HEAD
git reset <filename>
Revert a file to HEAD state and remove changes
There are two options to revert changes to a file:
git checkout <filename>git reset --hard <filename>
Undo a previous commit by creating a new replacement commit
git revert <commit-sha>
Create a new message for last commit
git commit --amend
Add a file to the last commit
git add <filename>
git commit --amend
Append --no-edit to the commit command if you do not want to edit the commit
message.
Stashing
Stash changes
git stash save
The default behavor of stash is to save, so you can also use just:
git stash
Unstash your changes
git stash apply
Discard your stashed changes
git stash drop
Apply and drop your stashed changes
git stash pop
Refs and Log
Use reflog to show the log of reference changes to HEAD
git reflog
Check the Git history of a file
The basic command to check the Git history of a file:
git log <file>
If you get this error message:
fatal: ambiguous argument <file_name>: unknown revision or path not in the working tree.
Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:
Use this to check the Git history of the file:
git log -- <file>
Find the tags that contain a particular SHA
git tag --contains <sha>
Check the content of each change to a file
gitk <file>
Check the content of each change to a file, follows it past file renames
gitk --follow <file>
Debugging
Use a custom SSH key for a Git command
GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -i ~/.ssh/gitlabadmin" git <command>
Debug cloning
With SSH:
GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -vvv" git clone <git@url>
With HTTPS:
GIT_TRACE_PACKET=1 GIT_TRACE=2 GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone <url>
Rebasing
Rebase your branch onto master
The -i flag stands for 'interactive':
git rebase -i master
Continue the rebase if paused
git rebase --continue
Use git rerere
To reuse recorded solutions to the same problems when repeated:
git rerere
To enable rerere functionality:
git config --global rerere.enabled true