gitlab-org--gitlab-foss/doc/user/clusters/applications.md

GitLab Managed Apps

GitLab provides GitLab Managed Apps, a one-click install for various applications which can be added directly to your configured cluster.

These applications are needed for Review Apps and deployments when using Auto DevOps.

You can install them after you create a cluster.

Installing applications

Applications managed by GitLab will be installed onto the gitlab-managed-apps namespace.

This namespace:

• Is different from the namespace used for project deployments.
• Is created once.
• Has a non-configurable name.

To see a list of available applications to install. For a:

• Project-level cluster, navigate to your project's Operations > Kubernetes.
• Group-level cluster, navigate to your group's Kubernetes page.

Install Helm first as it's used to install other applications.

NOTE: Note: As of GitLab 11.6, Helm will be upgraded to the latest version supported by GitLab before installing any of the applications.

The following applications can be installed:

• Helm
• Ingress
• Cert-Manager
• Prometheus
• GitLab Runner
• JupyterHub
• Knative
• Crossplane

With the exception of Knative, the applications will be installed in a dedicated namespace called gitlab-managed-apps.

NOTE: Note: Some applications are installable only for a project-level cluster. Support for installing these applications in a group-level cluster is planned for future releases. For updates, see the issue tracking progress.

CAUTION: Caution: If you have an existing Kubernetes cluster with Helm already installed, you should be careful as GitLab cannot detect it. In this case, installing Helm via the applications will result in the cluster having it twice, which can lead to confusion during deployments.

Helm

• Introduced in GitLab 10.2 for project-level clusters.
• Introduced in GitLab 11.6 for group-level clusters.

Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes and is required to install all the other applications. It is installed in its own pod inside the cluster which can run the helm CLI in a safe environment.

NOTE: Note: Installing Helm as a GitLab-managed App behind a proxy is not supported, but a workaround is available.

Cert-Manager

Introduced in GitLab 11.6 for project- and group-level clusters.

Cert-Manager is a native Kubernetes certificate management controller that helps with issuing certificates. Installing Cert-Manager on your cluster will issue a certificate by Let's Encrypt and ensure that certificates are valid and up-to-date.

The chart used to install this application depends on the version of GitLab used. In:

• GitLab 12.3 and newer, the jetstack/cert-manager chart is used with a values.yaml file.
• GitLab 12.2 and older, the stable/cert-manager chart was used.

If you have installed Cert-Manager prior to GitLab 12.3, Let's Encrypt will block requests from older versions of Cert-Manager.

To resolve this:

1. Uninstall Cert-Manager (consider backing up any additional configuration).
2. Install Cert-Manager again.

GitLab Runner

• Introduced in GitLab 10.6 for project-level clusters.
• Introduced in GitLab 11.10 for group-level clusters.

GitLab Runner is the open source project that is used to run your jobs and send the results back to GitLab. It is used in conjunction with GitLab CI/CD, the open-source continuous integration service included with GitLab that coordinates the jobs.

If the project is on GitLab.com, shared Runners are available (the first 2000 minutes are free, you can buy more later) and you do not have to deploy one if they are enough for your needs. If a project-specific Runner is desired, or there are no shared Runners, it is easy to deploy one.

Note that the deployed Runner will be set as privileged, which means it will essentially have root access to the underlying machine. This is required to build Docker images, so it is the default. Make sure you read the security implications before deploying one.

NOTE: Note: The runner/gitlab-runner chart is used to install this application with a values.yaml file. Customizing installation by modifying this file is not supported.

Ingress

• Introduced in GitLab 10.2 for project-level clusters.
• Introduced in GitLab 11.6 for group-level clusters.

Ingress can provide load balancing, SSL termination, and name-based virtual hosting. It acts as a web proxy for your applications and is useful if you want to use Auto DevOps or deploy your own web apps.

NOTE: Note: With the following procedure, a load balancer must be installed in your cluster to obtain the endpoint. You can use either Ingress, or Knative's own load balancer (Istio) if using Knative.

In order to publish your web application, you first need to find the endpoint which will be either an IP address or a hostname associated with your load balancer.

To install it, click on the Install button for Ingress. GitLab will attempt to determine the external endpoint and it should be available within a few minutes.

Determining the external endpoint automatically

Introduced in GitLab 10.6.

After you install Ingress, the external endpoint should be available within a few minutes.

TIP: Tip: This endpoint can be used for the Auto DevOps base domain using the KUBE_INGRESS_BASE_DOMAIN environment variable.

If the endpoint doesn't appear and your cluster runs on Google Kubernetes Engine:

1. Check your Kubernetes cluster on Google Kubernetes Engine to ensure there are no errors on its nodes.
2. Ensure you have enough Quotas on Google Kubernetes Engine. For more information, see Resource Quotas.
3. Check Google Cloud's Status to ensure they are not having any disruptions.

Once installed, you may see a ? for "Ingress IP Address" depending on the cloud provider. For EKS specifically, this is because the ELB is created with a DNS name, not an IP address. If GitLab is still unable to determine the endpoint of your Ingress or Knative application, you can determine it manually.

NOTE: Note: The stable/nginx-ingress chart is used to install this application with a values.yaml file.

Determining the external endpoint manually

If the cluster is on GKE, click the Google Kubernetes Engine link in the Advanced settings, or go directly to the Google Kubernetes Engine dashboard and select the proper project and cluster. Then click Connect and execute the gcloud command in a local terminal or using the Cloud Shell.

If the cluster is not on GKE, follow the specific instructions for your Kubernetes provider to configure kubectl with the right credentials. The output of the following examples will show the external endpoint of your cluster. This information can then be used to set up DNS entries and forwarding rules that allow external access to your deployed applications.

If you installed Ingress via the Applications, run the following command:

kubectl get service --namespace=gitlab-managed-apps ingress-nginx-ingress-controller -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}'

Some Kubernetes clusters return a hostname instead, like Amazon EKS. For these platforms, run:

kubectl get service --namespace=gitlab-managed-apps ingress-nginx-ingress-controller -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].hostname}'

For Istio/Knative, the command will be different:

kubectl get svc --namespace=istio-system knative-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip} '

Otherwise, you can list the IP addresses of all load balancers:

kubectl get svc --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range.items[?(@.status.loadBalancer.ingress)]}{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[*].ip} '

NOTE: Note: If EKS is used, an Elastic Load Balancer will also be created, which will incur additional AWS costs.

NOTE: Note: You may see a trailing % on some Kubernetes versions, do not include it.

The Ingress is now available at this address and will route incoming requests to the proper service based on the DNS name in the request. To support this, a wildcard DNS CNAME record should be created for the desired domain name. For example, *.myekscluster.com would point to the Ingress hostname obtained earlier.

Using a static IP

By default, an ephemeral external IP address is associated to the cluster's load balancer. If you associate the ephemeral IP with your DNS and the IP changes, your apps will not be able to be reached, and you'd have to change the DNS record again. In order to avoid that, you should change it into a static reserved IP.

Read how to promote an ephemeral external IP address in GKE.

Pointing your DNS at the external endpoint

Once you've set up the external endpoint, you should associate it with a wildcard DNS record such as *.example.com. in order to be able to reach your apps. If your external endpoint is an IP address, use an A record. If your external endpoint is a hostname, use a CNAME record.

Web Application Firewall (ModSecurity)

Introduced in GitLab 12.3 (enabled using ingress_modsecurity feature flag).

Out of the box, GitLab provides you real-time security monitoring with modsecurity

Modsecurity is a toolkit for real-time web application monitoring, logging, and access control. With GitLab's offering, the OWASP's Core Rule Set, which provides generic attack detection capabilities, is automatically applied.

This feature:

• Runs in "Detection-only mode" unless configured otherwise.

• Is viewable by checking your Ingress controller's modsec log for rule violations. For example:

  kubectl -n gitlab-managed-apps exec -it $(kubectl get pods -n gitlab-managed-apps | grep 'ingress-controller' | awk '{print $1}') -- tail -f /var/log/modsec/audit.log
  

There is a small performance overhead by enabling modsecurity. If this is considered significant for your application, you can either:

• Disable ModSecurity's rule engine for your deployed application by setting the deployment variable AUTO_DEVOPS_MODSECURITY_SEC_RULE_ENGINE to Off. This will prevent ModSecurity from processing any requests for the given application or environment.

• Toggle the feature flag to false by running the following command within your instance's Rails console:

  Feature.disable(:ingress_modsecurity)
  

Once disabled, you must uninstall and reinstall your Ingress application for the changes to take effect.

JupyterHub

• Introduced in GitLab 11.0 for project-level clusters.
• Introduced in GitLab 12.3 for group and instance-level clusters.

JupyterHub is a multi-user service for managing notebooks across a team. Jupyter Notebooks provide a web-based interactive programming environment used for data analysis, visualization, and machine learning.

Authentication will be enabled only for project members for project-level clusters and group members for group-level clusters with Developer or higher access to the associated project or group.

We use a custom Jupyter image that installs additional useful packages on top of the base Jupyter. You will also see ready-to-use DevOps Runbooks built with Nurtch's Rubix library.

More information on creating executable runbooks can be found in our Runbooks documentation. Note that Ingress must be installed and have an IP address assigned before JupyterHub can be installed.

NOTE: Note: The jupyter/jupyterhub chart is used to install this application with a values.yaml file.

Jupyter Git Integration

Introduced in GitLab 12.0 for project-level clusters. Introduced in GitLab 12.3 for group and instance-level clusters.

When installing JupyterHub onto your Kubernetes cluster, JupyterLab's Git extension is automatically provisioned and configured using the authenticated user's:

• Name.
• Email.
• Newly created access token.

JupyterLab's Git extension enables full version control of your notebooks as well as issuance of Git commands within Jupyter. Git commands can be issued via the Git tab on the left panel or via Jupyter's command line prompt.

NOTE: Note: JupyterLab's Git extension stores the user token in the JupyterHub DB in encrypted format and in the single user Jupyter instance as plain text. This is because Git requires storing credentials as plain text. Potentially, if a nefarious user finds a way to read from the file system in the single user Jupyter instance they could retrieve the token.

You can clone repositories from the files tab in Jupyter:

Knative

• Introduced in GitLab 11.5 for project-level clusters.
• Introduced in GitLab 12.3 for group- and instance-level clusters.

Knative provides a platform to create, deploy, and manage serverless workloads from a Kubernetes cluster. It is used in conjunction with, and includes Istio to provide an external IP address for all programs hosted by Knative.

You will be prompted to enter a wildcard domain where your applications will be exposed. Configure your DNS server to use the external IP address for that domain. For any application created and installed, they will be accessible as <program_name>.<kubernetes_namespace>.<domain_name>. This will require your Kubernetes cluster to have RBAC enabled.

NOTE: Note: The knative/knative chart is used to install this application.

Prometheus

• Introduced in GitLab 10.4 for project-level clusters.
• Introduced in GitLab 11.11 for group-level clusters.

Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting system useful to supervise your deployed applications.

GitLab is able to monitor applications automatically, using the Prometheus integration. Kubernetes container CPU and memory metrics are automatically collected, and response metrics are retrieved from NGINX Ingress as well.

To enable monitoring, simply install Prometheus into the cluster with the Install button.

NOTE: Note: The stable/prometheus chart is used to install this application with a values.yaml file.

Crossplane

• Introduced in GitLab 12.5 for project-level clusters.

Crossplane is a multi-cloud control plane useful for managing applications and infrastructure across multiple clouds. It extends the Kubernetes API using:

• Custom resources.
• Controllers that watch those custom resources.

Crossplane allows provisioning and lifecycle management of infrastructure components across cloud providers in a uniform manner by abstracting cloud provider-specific configurations.

The Crossplane GitLab-managed application:

• Installs Crossplane with a provider of choice on a Kubernetes cluster attached to the project repository.
• Can then be used to provision infrastructure or managed applications such as PostgreSQL (for example, CloudSQL from GCP or RDS from AWS) and other services required by the application via the Auto DevOps pipeline.

For information on configuring Crossplane installed on the cluster, see Crossplane configuration.

NOTE: Note: alpha/crossplane chart v0.4.1 is used to install Crossplane using the values.yaml file.

Enabling installation

This is a preliminary release of Crossplane as a GitLab-managed application. By default, the ability to install it is disabled.

To allow installation of Crossplane as a GitLab-managed application, ask a GitLab administrator to run following command within a Rails console:

Feature.enable(:enable_cluster_application_crossplane)

Install using GitLab CI (alpha)

Introduced in GitLab 12.6.

CAUTION: Warning: This is an alpha feature, and it is subject to change at any time without prior notice.

This alternative method allows users to install GitLab-managed applications using GitLab CI. It also allows customization of the install using Helm values.yaml files.

Supported applications:

• Ingress
• Sentry

Usage

You can find and import all the files referenced below in the example cluster applications project.

To install applications using GitLab CI:

1. Connect the cluster to a cluster management project.

2. In that project, add a .gitlab-ci.yml file with the following content:

   include:
     - template: Managed-Cluster-Applications.gitlab-ci.yml
   

3. Add a .gitlab/managed-apps/config.yaml file to define which applications you would like to install. Define the installed key as true to install the application and false to uninstall the application. For example, to install Ingress:

   ingress:
     installed: true
   

4. Optionally, define .gitlab/managed-apps/<application>/values.yaml file to customize values for the installed application.

A GitLab CI pipeline will then run on the master branch to install the applications you have configured.

Install Ingress using GitLab CI

To install Ingress, define the .gitlab/managed-apps/config.yaml file with:

ingress:
  installed: true

Ingress will then be installed into the gitlab-managed-apps namespace of your cluster.

You can customize the installation of Ingress by defining .gitlab/managed-apps/ingress/values.yaml file in your cluster management project. Refer to the chart for the available configuration options.

Install Sentry using GitLab CI

NOTE: Note: The Sentry Helm chart recommends at least 3GB of available RAM for database migrations.

To install Sentry, define the .gitlab/managed-apps/config.yaml file with:

sentry:
  installed: true

Sentry will then be installed into the gitlab-managed-apps namespace of your cluster.

You can customize the installation of Sentry by defining .gitlab/managed-apps/sentry/values.yaml file in your cluster management project. Refer to the chart for the available configuration options.

We recommend you pay close attention to the following configuration options:

• email. Needed to invite users to your Sentry instance and to send error emails.
• user. Where you can set the login credentials for the default admin user.
• postgresql. For a PostgreSQL password that can be used when running future updates.

NOTE: Note: When upgrading it is important to provide the existing PostgreSQL password (given using the postgresql.postgresqlPassword key) or you will receive authentication errors. See the PostgreSQL chart documentation for more information.

Here is an example configuration for Sentry:

# Admin user to create
user:
  # Indicated to create the admin user or not,
  # Default is true as the initial installation.
  create: true
  email: "<your email>"
  password: "<your password>"

email:
  from_address: "<your from email>"
  host: smtp
  port: 25
  use_tls: false
  user: "<your email username>"
  password: "<your email password>"
  enable_replies: false

ingress:
  enabled: true
  hostname: "<sentry.example.com>"

# Needs to be here between runs.
# See https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/postgresql#upgrade for more info
postgresql:
  postgresqlPassword: example-postgresql-password

Upgrading applications

Introduced in GitLab 11.8.

The applications below can be upgraded.

Application	GitLab version
Runner	11.8+

To upgrade an application:

1. For a:
   • Project-level cluster, navigate to your project's Operations > Kubernetes.
   • Group-level cluster, navigate to your group's Kubernetes page.
2. Select your cluster.
3. If an upgrade is available, the Upgrade button is displayed. Click the button to upgrade.

NOTE: Note: Upgrades will reset values back to the values built into the runner chart plus the values set by values.yaml

Uninstalling applications

Introduced in GitLab 11.11.

The applications below can be uninstalled.

Application	GitLab version	Notes
Cert-Manager	12.2+	The associated private key will be deleted and cannot be restored. Deployed applications will continue to use HTTPS, but certificates will not be renewed. Before uninstalling, you may wish to back up your configuration or revoke your certificates.
GitLab Runner	12.2+	Any running pipelines will be canceled.
Helm	12.2+	The associated Tiller pod, the gitlab-managed-apps namespace, and all of its resources will be deleted and cannot be restored.
Ingress	12.1+	The associated load balancer and IP will be deleted and cannot be restored. Furthermore, it can only be uninstalled if JupyterHub is not installed.
JupyterHub	12.1+	All data not committed to GitLab will be deleted and cannot be restored.
Knative	12.1+	The associated IP will be deleted and cannot be restored.
Prometheus	11.11+	All data will be deleted and cannot be restored.
Crossplane	12.5+	All data will be deleted and cannot be restored.
Sentry	12.6+	The PostgreSQL persistent volume will remain and should be manually removed for complete uninstall.

To uninstall an application:

1. For a:
   • Project-level cluster, navigate to your project's Operations > Kubernetes.
   • Group-level cluster, navigate to your group's Kubernetes page.
2. Select your cluster.
3. Click the Uninstall button for the application.

Support for uninstalling all applications is planned for progressive rollout. To follow progress, see the relevant epic.

Troubleshooting applications

Applications can fail with the following error:

Error: remote error: tls: bad certificate

To avoid installation errors:

• Before starting the installation of applications, make sure that time is synchronized between your GitLab server and your Kubernetes cluster.

• Ensure certificates are not out of sync. When installing applications, GitLab expects a new cluster with no previous installation of Helm.

  You can confirm that the certificates match via kubectl:

  kubectl get configmaps/values-content-configuration-ingress -n gitlab-managed-apps -o \
  "jsonpath={.data['cert\.pem']}" | base64 -d > a.pem
  kubectl get secrets/tiller-secret -n gitlab-managed-apps -o "jsonpath={.data['ca\.crt']}" | base64 -d > b.pem
  diff a.pem b.pem