284 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
284 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Release
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group: Release Management
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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---
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# Exploring GitLab Pages
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This document is a user guide to explore the options and settings
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GitLab Pages offers.
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To familiarize yourself with GitLab Pages first:
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- Read an [introduction to GitLab Pages](index.md).
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- Learn [how to get started with Pages](index.md#getting-started).
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- Learn how to enable GitLab Pages
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across your GitLab instance on the [administrator documentation](../../../administration/pages/index.md).
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## GitLab Pages requirements
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In brief, this is what you need to upload your website in GitLab Pages:
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1. Domain of the instance: domain name that is used for GitLab Pages
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(ask your administrator).
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1. GitLab CI/CD: a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file with a specific job named [`pages`](../../../ci/yaml/README.md#pages) in the root directory of your repository.
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1. A directory called `public` in your site's repository containing the content
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to be published.
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1. GitLab Runner enabled for the project.
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## GitLab Pages on GitLab.com
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If you are using [GitLab Pages on GitLab.com](#gitlab-pages-on-gitlabcom) to host your website, then:
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- The domain name for GitLab Pages on GitLab.com is `gitlab.io`.
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- Custom domains and TLS support are enabled.
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- Shared runners are enabled by default, provided for free and can be used to
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build your website. If you want you can still bring your own runner.
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## Example projects
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Visit the [GitLab Pages group](https://gitlab.com/groups/pages) for a complete list of example projects. Contributions are very welcome.
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## Custom error codes Pages
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You can provide your own 403 and 404 error pages by creating the `403.html` and
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`404.html` files respectively in the root directory of the `public/` directory
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that will be included in the artifacts. Usually this is the root directory of
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your project, but that may differ depending on your static generator
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configuration.
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If the case of `404.html`, there are different scenarios. For example:
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- If you use project Pages (served under `/projectname/`) and try to access
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`/projectname/non/existing_file`, GitLab Pages will try to serve first
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`/projectname/404.html`, and then `/404.html`.
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- If you use user/group Pages (served under `/`) and try to access
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`/non/existing_file` GitLab Pages will try to serve `/404.html`.
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- If you use a custom domain and try to access `/non/existing_file`, GitLab
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Pages will try to serve only `/404.html`.
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## Redirects in GitLab Pages
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You can configure redirects for your site using a `_redirects` file. To learn more, read
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the [redirects documentation](redirects.md).
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## GitLab Pages Access Control **(CORE)**
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To restrict access to your website, enable [GitLab Pages Access Control](pages_access_control.md).
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## Unpublishing your Pages
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If you ever feel the need to purge your Pages content, you can do so by going
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to your project's settings through the gear icon in the top right, and then
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navigating to **Pages**. Hit the **Remove pages** button and your Pages website
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will be deleted.
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## Limitations
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When using Pages under the general domain of a GitLab instance (`*.example.io`),
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you _cannot_ use HTTPS with sub-subdomains. That means that if your
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username or group name contains a dot, for example `foo.bar`, the domain
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`https://foo.bar.example.io` will _not_ work. This is a limitation of the
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[HTTP Over TLS protocol](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818#section-3.1). HTTP pages will continue to work provided you
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don't redirect HTTP to HTTPS.
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GitLab Pages [does **not** support group websites for subgroups](../../group/subgroups/index.md#limitations).
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You can only create the highest-level group website.
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## Specific configuration options for Pages
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Learn how to set up GitLab CI/CD for specific use cases.
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### `.gitlab-ci.yml` for plain HTML websites
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Supposed your repository contained the following files:
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```plaintext
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├── index.html
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├── css
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│ └── main.css
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└── js
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└── main.js
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```
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Then the `.gitlab-ci.yml` example below simply moves all files from the root
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directory of the project to the `public/` directory. The `.public` workaround
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is so `cp` doesn't also copy `public/` to itself in an infinite loop:
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```yaml
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pages:
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script:
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- mkdir .public
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- cp -r * .public
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- mv .public public
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artifacts:
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paths:
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- public
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only:
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- master
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```
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### `.gitlab-ci.yml` for a static site generator
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See this document for a [step-by-step guide](getting_started/pages_from_scratch.md).
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### `.gitlab-ci.yml` for a repository where there's also actual code
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Remember that GitLab Pages are by default branch/tag agnostic and their
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deployment relies solely on what you specify in `.gitlab-ci.yml`. You can limit
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the `pages` job with the [`only` parameter](../../../ci/yaml/README.md#onlyexcept-basic),
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whenever a new commit is pushed to a branch that will be used specifically for
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your pages.
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That way, you can have your project's code in the `master` branch and use an
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orphan branch (let's name it `pages`) that will host your static generator site.
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You can create a new empty branch like this:
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```shell
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git checkout --orphan pages
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```
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The first commit made on this new branch will have no parents and it will be
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the root of a new history totally disconnected from all the other branches and
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commits. Push the source files of your static generator in the `pages` branch.
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Below is a copy of `.gitlab-ci.yml` where the most significant line is the last
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one, specifying to execute everything in the `pages` branch:
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```yaml
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image: ruby:2.6
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pages:
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script:
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- gem install jekyll
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- jekyll build -d public/
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artifacts:
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paths:
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- public
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only:
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- pages
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```
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See an example that has different files in the [`master` branch](https://gitlab.com/pages/jekyll-branched/tree/master)
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and the source files for Jekyll are in a [`pages` branch](https://gitlab.com/pages/jekyll-branched/tree/pages) which
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also includes `.gitlab-ci.yml`.
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### Serving compressed assets
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Most modern browsers support downloading files in a compressed format. This
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speeds up downloads by reducing the size of files.
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Before serving an uncompressed file, Pages will check whether the same file
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exists with a `.br` or `.gz` extension. If it does, and the browser supports receiving
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compressed files, it will serve that version instead of the uncompressed one.
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To take advantage of this feature, the artifact you upload to the Pages should
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have this structure:
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```plaintext
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public/
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├─┬ index.html
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│ | index.html.br
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│ └ index.html.gz
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│
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├── css/
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│ └─┬ main.css
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│ | main.css.br
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│ └ main.css.gz
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│
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└── js/
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└─┬ main.js
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| main.js.br
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└ main.js.gz
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```
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This can be achieved by including a `script:` command like this in your
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`.gitlab-ci.yml` pages job:
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```yaml
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pages:
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# Other directives
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script:
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# Build the public/ directory first
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- find public -type f -regex '.*\.\(htm\|html\|txt\|text\|js\|css\)$' -exec gzip -f -k {} \;
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- find public -type f -regex '.*\.\(htm\|html\|txt\|text\|js\|css\)$' -exec brotli -f -k {} \;
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```
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By pre-compressing the files and including both versions in the artifact, Pages
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can serve requests for both compressed and uncompressed content without
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needing to compress files on-demand.
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### Resolving ambiguous URLs
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> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-pages/-/issues/95) in GitLab 11.8
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GitLab Pages makes assumptions about which files to serve when receiving a
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request for a URL that does not include an extension.
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Consider a Pages site deployed with the following files:
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```plaintext
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public/
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├─┬ index.html
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│ ├ data.html
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│ └ info.html
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│
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├── data/
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│ └── index.html
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├── info/
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│ └── details.html
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└── other/
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└── index.html
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```
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Pages supports reaching each of these files through several different URLs. In
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particular, it will always look for an `index.html` file if the URL only
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specifies the directory. If the URL references a file that doesn't exist, but
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adding `.html` to the URL leads to a file that *does* exist, it will be served
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instead. Here are some examples of what will happen given the above Pages site:
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| URL path | HTTP response | File served |
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| -------------------- | ------------- | ----------- |
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| `/` | `200 OK` | `public/index.html` |
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| `/index.html` | `200 OK` | `public/index.html` |
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| `/index` | `200 OK` | `public/index.html` |
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| `/data` | `200 OK` | `public/data/index.html` |
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| `/data/` | `200 OK` | `public/data/index.html` |
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| `/data.html` | `200 OK` | `public/data.html` |
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| `/info` | `200 OK` | `public/info.html` |
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| `/info/` | `200 OK` | `public/info.html` |
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| `/info.html` | `200 OK` | `public/info.html` |
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| `/info/details` | `200 OK` | `public/info/details.html` |
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| `/info/details.html` | `200 OK` | `public/info/details.html` |
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| `/other` | `302 Found` | `public/other/index.html` |
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| `/other/` | `200 OK` | `public/other/index.html` |
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| `/other/index` | `200 OK` | `public/other/index.html` |
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| `/other/index.html` | `200 OK` | `public/other/index.html` |
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Note that when `public/data/index.html` exists, it takes priority over the `public/data.html` file
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for both the `/data` and `/data/` URL paths.
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## Frequently Asked Questions
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### Can I download my generated pages?
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Sure. All you need to do is download the artifacts archive from the job page.
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### Can I use GitLab Pages if my project is private?
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Yes. GitLab Pages doesn't care whether you set your project's visibility level
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to private, internal or public.
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### Do I need to create a user/group website before creating a project website?
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No, you don't. You can create your project first and it will be accessed under
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`http(s)://namespace.example.io/projectname`.
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## Known issues
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For a list of known issues, visit GitLab's [public issue tracker](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues?label_name[]=Category%3APages).
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