gitlab-org--gitlab-foss/doc/user/application_security/index.md

type
reference, howto

GitLab Secure (ULTIMATE)

GitLab can check your application for security vulnerabilities that may lead to unauthorized access, data leaks, denial of services, and more. GitLab reports vulnerabilities in the merge request so you can fix them before merging. The Security Dashboard provides a high-level view of vulnerabilities detected in your projects, pipeline, and groups. The Threat Monitoring page provides runtime security metrics for application environments. With the information provided, you can immediately begin risk analysis and remediation.

For an overview of application security with GitLab, see Security Deep Dive.

Quick start

Get started quickly with Dependency Scanning, License Scanning, Static Application Security Testing (SAST), and Secret Detection by adding the following to your .gitlab-ci.yml:

include:
  - template: Security/Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml
  - template: Security/License-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml
  - template: Security/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml
  - template: Security/Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml

To add Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) scanning, add the following to your .gitlab-ci.yml and replace https://staging.example.com with a staging server's web address:

include:
  - template: Security/DAST.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  DAST_WEBSITE: https://staging.example.com

To ensure the DAST scanner runs after deploying the application to the staging server, review the DAST full documentation.

To add Container Scanning, follow the steps listed in the Container Scanning documentation.

To further configure any of the other scanners, refer to each scanner's documentation.

SAST configuration

You can set up and configure Static Application Security Testing (SAST) for your project, without opening a text editor. For more details, see configure SAST in the UI.

Override the default registry base address

By default, GitLab security scanners use registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers as the base address for Docker images. You can override this globally by setting the variable SECURE_ANALYZERS_PREFIX to another location. Note that this affects all scanners at once.

Security scanning tools

GitLab uses the following tools to scan and report known vulnerabilities found in your project.

Secure scanning tool	Description
Container Scanning (ULTIMATE)	Scan Docker containers for known vulnerabilities.
Dependency List (ULTIMATE)	View your project's dependencies and their known vulnerabilities.
Dependency Scanning (ULTIMATE)	Analyze your dependencies for known vulnerabilities.
Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) (ULTIMATE)	Analyze running web applications for known vulnerabilities.
API fuzzing (ULTIMATE)	Find unknown bugs and vulnerabilities in web APIs with fuzzing.
Secret Detection (ULTIMATE)	Analyze Git history for leaked secrets.
Security Dashboard (ULTIMATE)	View vulnerabilities in all your projects and groups.
Static Application Security Testing (SAST)	Analyze source code for known vulnerabilities.
Coverage fuzzing (ULTIMATE)	Find unknown bugs and vulnerabilities with coverage-guided fuzzing.

Security Scanning with Auto DevOps

When Auto DevOps is enabled, all GitLab Security scanning tools will be configured using default settings.

• Auto SAST
• Auto Secret Detection
• Auto DAST
• Auto Dependency Scanning
• Auto License Compliance
• Auto Container Scanning

While you cannot directly customize Auto DevOps, you can include the Auto DevOps template in your project's .gitlab-ci.yml file.

Maintenance and update of the vulnerabilities database

The scanning tools and vulnerabilities database are updated regularly.

Secure scanning tool	Vulnerabilities database updates
Container Scanning	Uses clair. The latest clair-db version is used for each job by running the latest Docker image tag. The clair-db database is updated daily according to the author.
Dependency Scanning	Relies on bundler-audit (for Ruby gems), retire.js (for NPM packages), and gemnasium (GitLab's own tool for all libraries). Both bundler-audit and retire.js fetch their vulnerabilities data from GitHub repositories, so vulnerabilities added to ruby-advisory-db and retire.js are immediately available. The tools themselves are updated once per month if there's a new version. The Gemnasium DB is updated at least once a week. See our current measurement of time from CVE being issued to our product being updated.
Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)	The scanning engine is updated on a periodic basis. See the version of the underlying tool zaproxy. The scanning rules are downloaded at scan runtime.
Static Application Security Testing (SAST)	Relies exclusively on the tools GitLab wraps. The underlying analyzers are updated at least once per month if a relevant update is available. The vulnerabilities database is updated by the upstream tools.

Currently, you do not have to update GitLab to benefit from the latest vulnerabilities definitions. The security tools are released as Docker images. The vendored job definitions that enable them use major release tags according to Semantic Versioning. Each new release of the tools overrides these tags. The Docker images are updated to match the previous GitLab releases, so users automatically get the latest versions of the scanning tools without having to do anything. There are some known issues with this approach, however, and there is a plan to resolve them.

Interacting with the vulnerabilities

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 10.8.

Each security vulnerability in the merge request report or the Security Dashboard is actionable. Click an entry to view detailed information with several options:

• Dismiss vulnerability: Dismissing a vulnerability styles it in strikethrough.
• Create issue: Create a new issue with the title and description pre-populated with information from the vulnerability report. By default, such issues are confidential.
• Solution: For some vulnerabilities, a solution is provided for how to fix the vulnerability.

View details of a DAST vulnerability

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 13.1.

Vulnerabilities detected by DAST occur in the live web application. Rectification of these types of vulnerabilities requires specific information. DAST provides the information required to investigate and rectify the underlying cause.

To view details of DAST vulnerabilities:

1. To see all vulnerabilities detected:

   • In a project, go to the project's {shield} Security & Compliance page.
   • Only in a merge request, go the merge request's Security tab.

2. Click on the vulnerability's description. The following details are provided:

   Field	Description
   Description	Description of the vulnerability.
   Project	Namespace and project in which the vulnerability was detected.
   Method	HTTP method used to detect the vulnerability.
   URL	URL at which the vulnerability was detected.
   Request Headers	Headers of the request.
   Response Status	Response status received from the application.
   Response Headers	Headers of the response received from the application.
   Evidence	Evidence of the data found that verified the vulnerability. Often a snippet of the request or response, this can be used to help verify that the finding is a vulnerability.
   Identifiers	Identifiers of the vulnerability.
   Severity	Severity of the vulnerability.
   Scanner Type	Type of vulnerability report.
   Links	Links to further details of the detected vulnerability.
   Solution	Details of a recommended solution to the vulnerability (optional).

Hide sensitive information in headers

HTTP request and response headers may contain sensitive information, including cookies and authorization credentials. By default, content of specific headers are masked in DAST vulnerability reports. You can specify the list of all headers to be masked. For details, see Hide sensitive information.

Dismissing a vulnerability

To dismiss a vulnerability, you must set its status to Dismissed. This dismisses the vulnerability for the entire project. Follow these steps to do so:

1. Select the vulnerability in the Security Dashboard.
2. Select Dismissed from the Status selector menu at the top-right.

You can undo this action by selecting a different status from the same menu.

Adding a dismissal reason

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 12.0.

When dismissing a vulnerability, it's often helpful to provide a reason for doing so. Upon setting a vulnerability's status to Dismissed, a text box appears for you to add a comment with your dismissal. Once added, you can edit or delete it. This allows you to add and update context for a vulnerability as you learn more over time.

Dismissing multiple vulnerabilities

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 12.9.

You can dismiss multiple vulnerabilities at once, providing an optional reason. Selecting the checkboxes on the side of each vulnerability in the list will select that individual vulnerability. Alternatively, you can select all the vulnerabilities in the list by selecting the checkbox in the table header. Deselecting the checkbox in the header will deselect all the vulnerabilities in the list. Once you have selected some vulnerabilities, a menu appears at the top of the table that allows you to select a dismissal reason. Pressing the "Dismiss Selected" button will dismiss all the selected vulnerabilities at once, with the reason you chose.

Solutions for vulnerabilities (auto-remediation)

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 11.7.

Some vulnerabilities can be fixed by applying the solution that GitLab automatically generates. The following scanners are supported:

• Dependency Scanning: Automatic Patch creation is only available for Node.js projects managed with yarn.
• Container Scanning

Manually applying the suggested patch

Some vulnerabilities can be fixed by applying a patch that is automatically generated by GitLab. To apply the fix:

1. Click the vulnerability.
2. Download and review the patch file remediation.patch.
3. Ensure your local project has the same commit checked out that was used to generate the patch.
4. Run git apply remediation.patch.
5. Verify and commit the changes to your branch.

Creating a merge request from a vulnerability

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 11.9.

In certain cases, GitLab allows you to create a merge request that automatically remediates the vulnerability. Any vulnerability that has a solution can have a merge request created to automatically solve the issue.

If this action is available, the vulnerability page or modal contains a Create merge request button. Click this button to create a merge request to apply the solution onto the source branch.

Creating an issue for a vulnerability

You can create an issue for a vulnerability by visiting the vulnerability's page and clicking Create issue, which you can find in the Related issues section.

This creates a confidential issue in the project the vulnerability came from, and pre-populates it with some useful information taken from the vulnerability report. Once the issue is created, you are redirected to it so you can edit, assign, or comment on it. CVE identifiers can be requested from GitLab by clicking the CVE ID Request button that is enabled for maintainers of public projects on GitLab.com

Upon returning to the group security dashboard, the vulnerability now has an associated issue next to the name.

Managing related issues for a vulnerability

Issues can be linked to a vulnerability using the related issues block on the vulnerability page. The relationship is uni-directional. The vulnerability page shows related issues, but the issue page doesn't show the vulnerability it's related to. An issue can only be related to one vulnerability at a time. Issues can be linked across groups and projects.

Adding a related issue

You can link an issue by clicking the {plus} button in the Related Issues block.

A text box appears that lets you type an issue number or paste an issue link. You can enter multiple issues at once. Pressing the space bar after each issue number or link converts them to tags that you can remove by clicking the {close} icon to the tag's right. Typing # followed by a number shows an autocomplete menu. Click an issue in the menu to add it as a tag. When you're finished entering issues, click the Add button to link the issues to the vulnerability. Alternatively, click Cancel to exit without linking any issues.

Removing a related issue

Click the {close} icon to right of an issue to remove it as a related issue. Note that this only removes it as a related issue of the vulnerability; it doesn't modify or remove the issue itself. You can link it to the vulnerability again if desired.

Security approvals in merge requests

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 12.2.

Merge Request Approvals can be configured to require approval from a member of your security team when a merge request would introduce one of the following security issues:

• A security vulnerability
• A software license compliance violation

The security vulnerability threshold is defined as high, critical, or unknown severity. The Vulnerability-Check approver group must approve merge requests that contain vulnerabilities.

When GitLab can assess vulnerability severity, the rating can be one of the following:

• unknown
• low
• medium
• high
• critical

The rating unknown indicates that the underlying scanner doesn't contain or provide a severity rating.

Enabling Security Approvals within a project

To enable the Vulnerability-Check or License-Check Security Approvals, a project approval rule must be created. A security scanner job must be enabled for Vulnerability-Check, and a license scanning job must be enabled for License-Check. When the proper jobs aren't configured, the following appears:

If at least one security scanner is enabled, you will be able to enable the Vulnerability-Check approval rule. If a license scanning job is enabled, you will be able to enable the License-Check rule.

For this approval group, you must set the number of approvals required to greater than zero. You must have Maintainer or Owner permissions to manage approval rules.

Follow these steps to enable Vulnerability-Check:

1. Navigate to your project's Settings > General and expand Merge request approvals.
2. Click Enable, or Edit.
3. Add or change the Rule name to Vulnerability-Check (case sensitive).

Once this group is added to your project, the approval rule is enabled for all merge requests.

Any code changes cause the approvals required to reset.

An approval is required when the latest security report in a merge request:

• Contains a vulnerability of high, critical, or unknown severity that is not present in the target branch. Note that approval is still required for dismissed vulnerabilities.
• Is not generated during pipeline execution.

An approval is optional when the security report:

• Contains no new vulnerabilities when compared to the target branch.
• Contains only new vulnerabilities of low or medium severity.

Enabling License Approvals within a project

Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 12.3.

License-Check is a security approval rule you can enable to allow an individual or group to approve a merge request that contains a denied license. For instructions on enabling this rule, see Enabling license approvals within a project.

Working in an offline environment

It is possible to run most of the GitLab security scanners when not connected to the internet, in what is sometimes known as an offline, limited connectivity, Local Area Network (LAN), Intranet, or "air-gap" environment.

Read how to operate the Secure scanners in an offline environment.

Using private Maven repos

If you have a private Apache Maven repository that requires login credentials, you can use the MAVEN_CLI_OPTS environment variable to pass a username and password. You can set it under your project's settings so that your credentials aren't exposed in .gitlab-ci.yml.

If the username is myuser and the password is verysecret then you would set the following variable under your project's settings:

Type	Key	Value
Variable	MAVEN_CLI_OPTS	--settings mysettings.xml -Drepository.password=verysecret -Drepository.user=myuser

<!-- mysettings.xml -->
<settings>
    ...
    <servers>
        <server>
            <id>private_server</id>
            <username>${private.username}</username>
            <password>${private.password}</password>
        </server>
    </servers>
</settings>

Outdated security reports

Introduced in GitLab 12.7.

When a security report generated for a merge request becomes outdated, the merge request shows a warning message in the security widget and prompts you to take an appropriate action.

This can happen in two scenarios:

1. Your source branch is behind the target branch.
2. The target branch security report is out of date.

Source branch is behind the target branch

This means the most recent common ancestor commit between the target branch and the source branch is not the most recent commit on the target branch. This is by far the most common situation.

In this case you must rebase or merge to incorporate the changes from the target branch.

Target branch security report is out of date

This can happen for many reasons, including failed jobs or new advisories. When the merge request shows that a security report is out of date, you must run a new pipeline on the target branch. You can do it quickly by following the hyperlink given to run a new pipeline.

Troubleshooting

Getting error message sast job: stage parameter should be [some stage name here]

When including a .gitlab-ci.yml template like SAST.gitlab-ci.yml, the following error may occur, depending on your GitLab CI/CD configuration:

Found errors in your .gitlab-ci.yml:

* sast job: stage parameter should be unit-tests

This error appears when the included job's stage (named test) isn't declared in .gitlab-ci.yml. To fix this issue, you can either:

• Add a test stage in your .gitlab-ci.yml.

• Change the default stage of the included security jobs. For example, with SpotBugs (SAST):

  include:
    template: Security/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml
  
  spotbugs-sast:
    stage: unit-tests
  

Learn more on overriding SAST jobs. All the security scanning tools define their stage, so this error can occur with all of them.

Getting warning messages … report.json: no matching files

This is often followed by the error No files to upload, and preceded by other errors or warnings that indicate why the JSON report wasn't generated. Please check the entire job log for such messages. If you don't find these messages, retry the failed job after setting SECURE_LOG_LEVEL: "debug" as a custom environment variable. This provides useful information to investigate further.

Getting error message sast job: config key may not be used with 'rules': only/except

When including a .gitlab-ci.yml template like SAST.gitlab-ci.yml, the following error may occur, depending on your GitLab CI/CD configuration:

Found errors in your .gitlab-ci.yml:

    jobs:sast config key may not be used with `rules`: only/except

This error appears when the included job's rules configuration has been overridden with the deprecated only or except syntax. To fix this issue, you must either:

• Transition your only/except syntax to rules.
• (Temporarily) Pin your templates to the deprecated versions

Learn more on overriding SAST jobs.

Transitioning your only/except syntax to rules

When overriding the template to control job execution, previous instances of only or except are no longer compatible and must be transitioned to the rules syntax.

If your override is aimed at limiting jobs to only run on master, the previous syntax would look similar to:

include:
  - template: Security/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml

# Ensure that the scanning is only executed on master or merge requests
spotbugs-sast:
  only:
    refs:
      - master
      - merge_requests

To transition the above configuration to the new rules syntax, the override would be written as follows:

include:
  - template: Security/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml

# Ensure that the scanning is only executed on master or merge requests
spotbugs-sast:
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master"
    - if: $CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID

If your override is aimed at limiting jobs to only run on branches, not tags, it would look similar to:

include:
  - template: Security/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml

# Ensure that the scanning is not executed on tags
spotbugs-sast:
  except:
    - tags

To transition to the new rules syntax, the override would be rewritten as:

include:
  - template: Security/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml

# Ensure that the scanning is not executed on tags
spotbugs-sast:
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG == null

Learn more on the usage of rules.

Pin your templates to the deprecated versions

To ensure the latest support, we strongly recommend that you migrate to rules.

If you're unable to immediately update your CI configuration, there are several workarounds that involve pinning to the previous template versions, for example:

include:
  remote: 'https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/raw/12-10-stable-ee/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Security/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml'

Additionally, we provide a dedicated project containing the versioned legacy templates. This can be useful for offline setups or anyone wishing to use Auto DevOps.

Instructions are available in the legacy template project.