289 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
289 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Changelog entries
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This guide contains instructions for when and how to generate a changelog entry
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file, as well as information and history about our changelog process.
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## Overview
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Each bullet point, or **entry**, in our [`CHANGELOG.md`][changelog.md] file is
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generated from a single data file in the [`changelogs/unreleased/`][unreleased]
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(or corresponding EE) folder. The file is expected to be a [YAML] file in the
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following format:
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```yaml
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---
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title: "Change[log]s"
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merge_request: 1972
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author: Black Sabbath
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type: added
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```
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The `merge_request` value is a reference to a merge request that adds this
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entry, and the `author` key is used to give attribution to community
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contributors. **Both are optional**.
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The `type` field maps the category of the change,
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valid options are: added, fixed, changed, deprecated, removed, security, other. **Type field is mandatory**.
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Community contributors and core team members are encouraged to add their name to
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the `author` field. GitLab team members **should not**.
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[changelog.md]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
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[unreleased]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/tree/master/changelogs/
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[YAML]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML
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## What warrants a changelog entry?
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- Any user-facing change **should** have a changelog entry. Example: "GitLab now
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uses system fonts for all text."
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- A fix for a regression introduced and then fixed in the same release (i.e.,
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fixing a bug introduced during a monthly release candidate) **should not**
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have a changelog entry.
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- Any developer-facing change (e.g., refactoring, technical debt remediation,
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test suite changes) **should not** have a changelog entry. Example: "Reduce
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database records created during Cycle Analytics model spec."
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- _Any_ contribution from a community member, no matter how small, **may** have
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a changelog entry regardless of these guidelines if the contributor wants one.
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Example: "Fixed a typo on the search results page. (Jane Smith)"
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## Writing good changelog entries
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A good changelog entry should be descriptive and concise. It should explain the
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change to a reader who has _zero context_ about the change. If you have trouble
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making it both concise and descriptive, err on the side of descriptive.
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- **Bad:** Go to a project order.
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- **Good:** Show a user's starred projects at the top of the "Go to project"
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dropdown.
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The first example provides no context of where the change was made, or why, or
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how it benefits the user.
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- **Bad:** Copy [some text] to clipboard.
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- **Good:** Update the "Copy to clipboard" tooltip to indicate what's being
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copied.
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Again, the first example is too vague and provides no context.
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- **Bad:** Fixes and Improves CSS and HTML problems in mini pipeline graph and
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builds dropdown.
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- **Good:** Fix tooltips and hover states in mini pipeline graph and builds
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dropdown.
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The first example is too focused on implementation details. The user doesn't
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care that we changed CSS and HTML, they care about the _end result_ of those
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changes.
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- **Bad:** Strip out `nil`s in the Array of Commit objects returned from
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`find_commits_by_message_with_elastic`
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- **Good:** Fix 500 errors caused by elasticsearch results referencing
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garbage-collected commits
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The first example focuses on _how_ we fixed something, not on _what_ it fixes.
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The rewritten version clearly describes the _end benefit_ to the user (fewer 500
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errors), and _when_ (searching commits with Elasticsearch).
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Use your best judgement and try to put yourself in the mindset of someone
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reading the compiled changelog. Does this entry add value? Does it offer context
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about _where_ and _why_ the change was made?
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## How to generate a changelog entry
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A `bin/changelog` script is available to generate the changelog entry file
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automatically.
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Its simplest usage is to provide the value for `title`:
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```text
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$ bin/changelog 'Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!'
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```
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At this point the script would ask you to select the category of the change (mapped to the `type` field in the entry):
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```text
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>> Please specify the category of your change:
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1. New feature
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2. Bug fix
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3. Feature change
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4. New deprecation
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5. Feature removal
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6. Security fix
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7. Other
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```
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The entry filename is based on the name of the current Git branch. If you run
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the command above on a branch called `feature/hey-dz`, it will generate a
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`changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml` file.
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The command will output the path of the generated file and its contents:
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```text
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create changelogs/unreleased/my-feature.yml
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---
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title: Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!
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merge_request:
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author:
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type:
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```
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If you're working on the GitLab EE repository, the entry will be added to
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`ee/changelogs/unreleased/` instead.
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### Arguments
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| Argument | Shorthand | Purpose |
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| ----------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [`--amend`] | | Amend the previous commit |
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| [`--force`] | `-f` | Overwrite an existing entry |
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| [`--merge-request`] | `-m` | Set merge request ID |
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| [`--dry-run`] | `-n` | Don't actually write anything, just print |
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| [`--git-username`] | `-u` | Use Git user.name configuration as the author |
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| [`--type`] | `-t` | The category of the change, valid options are: added, fixed, changed, deprecated, removed, security, other |
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| [`--help`] | `-h` | Print help message |
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[`--amend`]: #-amend
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[`--force`]: #-force-or-f
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[`--merge-request`]: #-merge-request-or-m
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[`--dry-run`]: #-dry-run-or-n
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[`--git-username`]: #-git-username-or-u
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[`--type`]: #-type-or-t
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[`--help`]: #-help
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##### `--amend`
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You can pass the **`--amend`** argument to automatically stage the generated
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file and amend it to the previous commit.
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If you use **`--amend`** and don't provide a title, it will automatically use
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the "subject" of the previous commit, which is the first line of the commit
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message:
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```text
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$ git show --oneline
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ab88683 Added an awesome new feature to GitLab
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$ bin/changelog --amend
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create changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml
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---
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title: Added an awesome new feature to GitLab
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merge_request:
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author:
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type:
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```
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##### `--force` or `-f`
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Use **`--force`** or **`-f`** to overwrite an existing changelog entry if it
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already exists.
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```text
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$ bin/changelog 'Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!'
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error changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml already exists! Use `--force` to overwrite.
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$ bin/changelog 'Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!' --force
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create changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml
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---
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title: Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!
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merge_request: 1983
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author:
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type:
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```
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##### `--merge-request` or `-m`
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Use the **`--merge-request`** or **`-m`** argument to provide the
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`merge_request` value:
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```text
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$ bin/changelog 'Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!' -m 1983
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create changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml
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---
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title: Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!
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merge_request: 1983
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author:
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type:
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```
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##### `--dry-run` or `-n`
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Use the **`--dry-run`** or **`-n`** argument to prevent actually writing or
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committing anything:
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```text
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$ bin/changelog --amend --dry-run
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create changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml
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---
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title: Added an awesome new feature to GitLab
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merge_request:
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author:
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type:
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$ ls changelogs/unreleased/
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```
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##### `--git-username` or `-u`
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Use the **`--git-username`** or **`-u`** argument to automatically fill in the
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`author` value with your configured Git `user.name` value:
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```text
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$ git config user.name
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Jane Doe
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$ bin/changelog -u 'Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!'
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create changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml
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---
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title: Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!
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merge_request:
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author: Jane Doe
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type:
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```
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##### `--type` or `-t`
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Use the **`--type`** or **`-t`** argument to provide the `type` value:
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```text
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$ bin/changelog 'Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!' -t added
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create changelogs/unreleased/feature-hey-dz.yml
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---
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title: Hey DZ, I added a feature to GitLab!
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merge_request:
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author:
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type: added
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```
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### History and Reasoning
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Our `CHANGELOG` file was previously updated manually by each contributor that
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felt their change warranted an entry. When two merge requests added their own
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entries at the same spot in the list, it created a merge conflict in one as soon
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as the other was merged. When we had dozens of merge requests fighting for the
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same changelog entry location, this quickly became a major source of merge
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conflicts and delays in development.
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This led us to a [boring solution] of "add your entry in a random location in
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the list." This actually worked pretty well as we got further along in each
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monthly release cycle, but at the start of a new cycle, when a new version
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section was added and there were fewer places to "randomly" add an entry, the
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conflicts became a problem again until we had a sufficient number of entries.
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On top of all this, it created an entirely different headache for [release managers]
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when they cherry-picked a commit into a stable branch for a patch release. If
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the commit included an entry in the `CHANGELOG`, it would include the entire
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changelog for the latest version in `master`, so the release manager would have
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to manually remove the later entries. They often would have had to do this
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multiple times per patch release. This was compounded when we had to release
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multiple patches at once due to a security issue.
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We needed to automate all of this manual work. So we [started brainstorming].
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After much discussion we settled on the current solution of one file per entry,
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and then compiling the entries into the overall `CHANGELOG.md` file during the
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[release process].
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[boring solution]: https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/values/#boring-solutions
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[release managers]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release/docs/blob/master/quickstart/release-manager.md
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[started brainstorming]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/17826
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[release process]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release-tools
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---
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[Return to Development documentation](README.md)
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