124 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
124 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
# Getting started with Review Apps
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>
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- [Introduced][ce-21971] in GitLab 8.12. Further additions were made in GitLab
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8.13 and 8.14.
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- Inspired by [Heroku's Review Apps][heroku-apps] which itself was inspired by
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[Fourchette].
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The basis of Review Apps is the [dynamic environments] which allow you to create
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a new environment (dynamically) for each one of your branches.
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A Review App can then be visible as a link when you visit the [merge request]
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relevant to the branch. That way, you are able to see live all changes introduced
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by the merge request changes. Reviewing anything, from performance to interface
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changes, becomes much easier with a live environment and as such, Review Apps
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can make a huge impact on your development flow.
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They mostly make sense to be used with web applications, but you can use them
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any way you'd like.
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## Overview
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Simply put, a Review App is a mapping of a branch with an environment as there
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is a 1:1 relation between them.
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Here's an example of what it looks like when viewing a merge request with a
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dynamically set environment.
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In the image above you can see that the `add-new-line` branch was successfully
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built and deployed under a dynamic environment and can be previewed with an
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also dynamically URL.
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The details of the Review Apps implementation depend widely on your real
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technology stack and on your deployment process. The simplest case is to
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deploy a simple static HTML website, but it will not be that straightforward
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when your app is using a database for example. To make a branch be deployed
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on a temporary instance and booting up this instance with all required software
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and services automatically on the fly is not a trivial task. However, it is
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doable, especially if you use Docker, or at least a configuration management
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tool like Chef, Puppet, Ansible or Salt.
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## Prerequisites
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To get a better understanding of Review Apps, you must first learn how
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environments and deployments work. The following docs will help you grasp that
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knowledge:
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1. First, learn about [environments][] and their role in the development workflow.
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1. Then make a small stop to learn about [CI variables][variables] and how they
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can be used in your CI jobs.
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1. Next, explore the [`environment` syntax][yaml-env] as defined in `.gitlab-ci.yml`.
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This will be your primary reference when you are finally comfortable with
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how environments work.
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1. Additionally, find out about [manual actions][] and how you can use them to
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deploy to critical environments like production with the push of a button.
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1. And as a last step, follow the [example tutorials](#examples) which will
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guide you step by step to set up the infrastructure and make use of
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Review Apps.
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## Configuration
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The configuration of Review apps depends on your technology stack and your
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infrastructure. Read the [dynamic environments] documentation to understand
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how to define and create them.
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## Creating and destroying Review Apps
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The creation and destruction of a Review App is defined in `.gitlab-ci.yml`
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at a job level under the `environment` keyword.
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Check the [environments] documentation how to do so.
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## A simple workflow
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The process of adding Review Apps in your workflow would look like:
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1. Set up the infrastructure to host and deploy the Review Apps.
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1. [Install][install-runner] and [configure][conf-runner] a Runner that does
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the deployment.
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1. Set up a job in `.gitlab-ci.yml` that uses the predefined
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[predefined CI environment variable][variables] `${CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME}` to
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create dynamic environments and restrict it to run only on branches.
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1. Optionally set a job that [manually stops][manual-env] the Review Apps.
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From there on, you would follow the branched Git flow:
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1. Push a branch and let the Runner deploy the Review App based on the `script`
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definition of the dynamic environment job.
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1. Wait for the Runner to build and/or deploy your web app.
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1. Click on the link that's present in the MR related to the branch and see the
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changes live.
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## Limitations
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Check the [environments limitations](../environments.md#limitations).
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## Examples
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A list of examples used with Review Apps can be found below:
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- [Use with NGINX][app-nginx] - Use NGINX and the shell executor of GitLab Runner
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to deploy a simple HTML website.
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And below is a soon to be added examples list:
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- Use with Amazon S3
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- Use on Heroku with dpl
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- Use with OpenShift/kubernetes
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[app-nginx]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/review-apps-nginx
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[ce-21971]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/21971
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[dynamic environments]: ../environments.md#dynamic-environments
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[environments]: ../environments.md
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[fourchette]: https://github.com/rainforestapp/fourchette
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[heroku-apps]: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/github-integration-review-apps
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[manual actions]: ../environments.md#manual-actions
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[merge request]: ../../user/project/merge_requests.md
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[variables]: ../variables/README.md
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[yaml-env]: ../yaml/README.md#environment
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[install-runner]: https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/
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[conf-runner]: https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/commands/
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[manual-env]: ../environments.md#stopping-an-environment
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