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| type | stage | group | info |
|---|---|---|---|
| concepts, howto | Manage | Access | To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments |
Personal access tokens
- Introduced in GitLab 8.8.
- Notifications about expiring tokens added in GitLab 12.6.
- Notifications about expired tokens added in GitLab 13.3.
- Token lifetime limits added in GitLab Ultimate 12.6.
If you're unable to use OAuth2, you can use a personal access token to authenticate with the GitLab API.
You can also use personal access tokens with Git to authenticate over HTTP. Personal access tokens are required when Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is enabled. In both cases, you can authenticate with a token in place of your password.
Personal access tokens expire on the date you define, at midnight UTC.
- GitLab runs a check at 01:00 AM UTC every day to identify personal access tokens that expire in under seven days. The owners of these tokens are notified by email.
- GitLab runs a check at 02:00 AM UTC every day to identify personal access tokens that expired on the current date. The owners of these tokens are notified by email.
- In GitLab Ultimate, administrators may limit the lifetime of personal access tokens.
- In GitLab Ultimate, administrators may toggle enforcement of personal access token expiration.
For examples of how you can use a personal access token to authenticate with the API, see the following section from our API Docs.
GitLab also offers impersonation tokens which are created by administrators via the API. They're a great fit for automated authentication as a specific user.
Creating a personal access token
You can create as many personal access tokens as you like from your GitLab profile.
- Sign in to GitLab.
- In the top-right corner, select your avatar.
- Select Edit profile.
- In the left sidebar, select Access Tokens.
- Choose a name and optional expiry date for the token.
- Choose the desired scopes.
- Select Create personal access token.
- Save the personal access token somewhere safe. If you navigate away or refresh your page, and you did not save the token, you must create a new one.
Revoking a personal access token
At any time, you can revoke any personal access token by clicking the respective Revoke button under the Active Personal Access Token area.
Token activity
You can see when a token was last used from the Personal Access Tokens page. Updates to the token usage is fixed at once per 24 hours. Requests to API resources and the GraphQL API update a token's usage.
Limiting scopes of a personal access token
Personal access tokens can be created with one or more scopes that allow various actions that a given token can perform. The available scopes are depicted in the following table.
| Scope | Introduced in | Description |
|---|---|---|
read_user |
GitLab 8.15 | Allows access to the read-only endpoints under /users. Essentially, any of the GET requests in the Users API are allowed. |
api |
GitLab 8.15 | Grants complete read/write access to the API, including all groups and projects, the container registry, and the package registry. |
read_api |
GitLab 12.10 | Grants read access to the API, including all groups and projects, the container registry, and the package registry. |
read_registry |
GitLab 9.3 | Allows to read (pull) container registry images if a project is private and authorization is required. |
write_registry |
GitLab 12.10 | Allows to write (push) container registry images if a project is private and authorization is required. |
sudo |
GitLab 10.2 | Allows performing API actions as any user in the system (if the authenticated user is an administrator). |
read_repository |
GitLab 10.7 | Allows read-only access (pull) to the repository through git clone. |
write_repository |
GitLab 11.11 | Allows read-write access (pull, push) to the repository through git clone. Required for accessing Git repositories over HTTP when 2FA is enabled. |
Programmatically creating a personal access token
You can programmatically create a predetermined personal access token for use in automation or tests. You need sufficient access to run a Rails console session for your GitLab instance.
To create a token belonging to a user with username automation-bot, run the
following in the Rails console (sudo gitlab-rails console):
user = User.find_by_username('automation-bot')
token = user.personal_access_tokens.create(scopes: [:read_user, :read_repository], name: 'Automation token')
token.set_token('token-string-here123')
token.save!
This can be shortened into a single-line shell command using the Rails runner:
sudo gitlab-rails runner "token = User.find_by_username('automation-bot').personal_access_tokens.create(scopes: [:read_user, :read_repository], name: 'Automation token'); token.set_token('token-string-here123'); token.save!"
NOTE: The token string must be 20 characters in length to be recognized as a valid personal access token.
The list of valid scopes and what they do can be found in the source code.
Programmatically revoking a personal access token
You can programmatically revoke a personal access token. You need sufficient access to run a Rails console session for your GitLab instance.
To revoke a known token token-string-here123, run the following in the Rails
console (sudo gitlab-rails console):
token = PersonalAccessToken.find_by_token('token-string-here123')
token.revoke!
This can be shortened into a single-line shell command using the Rails runner:
sudo gitlab-rails runner "PersonalAccessToken.find_by_token('token-string-here123').revoke!"