148 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
148 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# Protected Branches
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[Permissions](../permissions.md) in GitLab are fundamentally defined around the
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idea of having read or write permission to the repository and branches. To
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prevent people from messing with history or pushing code without review, we've
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created protected branches.
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## Overview
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By default, a protected branch does four simple things:
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- it prevents its creation, if not already created, from everybody except users
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with Maintainer permission
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- it prevents pushes from everybody except users with Maintainer permission
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- it prevents **anyone** from force pushing to the branch
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- it prevents **anyone** from deleting the branch
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See the [Changelog](#changelog) section for changes over time.
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>
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>Additional functionality for GitLab Enterprise Edition:
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>
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>- Restrict push and merge access to [certain users][ee-restrict]
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## Configuring protected branches
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To protect a branch, you need to have at least Maintainer permission level. Note
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that the `master` branch is protected by default.
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1. Navigate to your project's **Settings ➔ Repository**
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1. Scroll to find the **Protected branches** section.
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1. From the **Branch** dropdown menu, select the branch you want to protect and
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click **Protect**. In the screenshot below, we chose the `develop` branch.
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1. Once done, the protected branch will appear in the "Protected branches" list.
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## Using the Allowed to merge and Allowed to push settings
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> [Introduced][ce-5081] in GitLab 8.11.
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Since GitLab 8.11, we added another layer of branch protection which provides
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more granular management of protected branches. The "Developers can push"
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option was replaced by an "Allowed to push" setting which can be set to
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allow/prohibit Maintainers and/or Developers to push to a protected branch.
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Using the "Allowed to push" and "Allowed to merge" settings, you can control
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the actions that different roles can perform with the protected branch.
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For example, you could set "Allowed to push" to "No one", and "Allowed to merge"
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to "Developers + Maintainers", to require _everyone_ to submit a merge request for
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changes going into the protected branch. This is compatible with workflows like
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the [GitLab workflow](../../workflow/gitlab_flow.md).
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However, there are workflows where that is not needed, and only protecting from
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force pushes and branch removal is useful. For those workflows, you can allow
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everyone with write access to push to a protected branch by setting
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"Allowed to push" to "Developers + Maintainers".
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You can set the "Allowed to push" and "Allowed to merge" options while creating
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a protected branch or afterwards by selecting the option you want from the
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dropdown list in the "Already protected" area.
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If you don't choose any of those options while creating a protected branch,
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they are set to "Maintainers" by default.
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## Wildcard protected branches
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> [Introduced][ce-4665] in GitLab 8.10.
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You can specify a wildcard protected branch, which will protect all branches
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matching the wildcard. For example:
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| Wildcard Protected Branch | Matching Branches |
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|---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------|
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| `*-stable` | `production-stable`, `staging-stable` |
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| `production/*` | `production/app-server`, `production/load-balancer` |
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| `*gitlab*` | `gitlab`, `gitlab/staging`, `master/gitlab/production` |
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Protected branch settings (like "Developers can push") apply to all matching
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branches.
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Two different wildcards can potentially match the same branch. For example,
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`*-stable` and `production-*` would both match a `production-stable` branch.
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In that case, if _any_ of these protected branches have a setting like
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"Allowed to push", then `production-stable` will also inherit this setting.
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If you click on a protected branch's name, you will be presented with a list of
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all matching branches:
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## Deleting a protected branch
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> [Introduced][ce-21393] in GitLab 9.3.
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From time to time, it may be required to delete or clean up branches that are
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protected.
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User with [Maintainer permissions][perm] and up can manually delete protected
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branches via GitLab's web interface:
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1. Visit **Repository > Branches**
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1. Click on the delete icon next to the branch you wish to delete
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1. In order to prevent accidental deletion, an additional confirmation is
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required
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Deleting a protected branch is only allowed via the web interface, not via Git.
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This means that you can't accidentally delete a protected branch from your
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command line or a Git client application.
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## Running pipelines on protected branches
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The permission to merge or push to protected branches is used to define if a user can
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run CI/CD pipelines and execute actions on jobs that are related to those branches.
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See [Security on protected branches](../../ci/pipelines.md#security-on-protected-branches)
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for details about the pipelines security model.
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## Changelog
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**9.2**
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- Allow deletion of protected branches via the web interface [gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#21393][ce-21393]
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**8.11**
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- Allow creating protected branches that can't be pushed to [gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!5081][ce-5081]
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**8.10**
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- Allow developers to merge into a protected branch without having push access [gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!4892][ce-4892]
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- Allow specifying protected branches using wildcards [gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!4665][ce-4665]
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---
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[ce-4665]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/4665 "Allow specifying protected branches using wildcards"
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[ce-4892]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/4892 "Allow developers to merge into a protected branch without having push access"
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[ce-5081]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5081 "Allow creating protected branches that can't be pushed to"
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[ce-21393]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/21393
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[ee-restrict]: http://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/protected_branches.html#restricting-push-and-merge-access-to-certain-users
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[perm]: ../permissions.md
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