238 lines
8 KiB
Markdown
238 lines
8 KiB
Markdown
# Git annex
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> **Warning:** GitLab has [completely
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removed][deprecate-annex-issue] in GitLab 9.0 (2017/03/22).
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Read through the [migration guide from git-annex to git-lfs][guide].
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The biggest limitation of Git, compared to some older centralized version
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control systems, has been the maximum size of the repositories.
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The general recommendation is to not have Git repositories larger than 1GB to
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preserve performance. Although GitLab has no limit (some repositories in GitLab
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are over 50GB!), we subscribe to the advice to keep repositories as small as
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you can.
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Not being able to version control large binaries is a big problem for many
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larger organizations.
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Videos, photos, audio, compiled binaries and many other types of files are too
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large. As a workaround, people keep artwork-in-progress in a Dropbox folder and
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only check in the final result. This results in using outdated files, not
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having a complete history and increases the risk of losing work.
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This problem is solved in GitLab Enterprise Edition by integrating the
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[git-annex] application.
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`git-annex` allows managing large binaries with Git without checking the
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contents into Git.
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You check-in only a symlink that contains the SHA-1 of the large binary. If you
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need the large binary, you can sync it from the GitLab server over `rsync`, a
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very fast file copying tool.
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## GitLab git-annex Configuration
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`git-annex` is disabled by default in GitLab. Below you will find the
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configuration options required to enable it.
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### Requirements
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`git-annex` needs to be installed both on the server and the client side.
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For Debian-like systems (e.g., Debian, Ubuntu) this can be achieved by running:
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```
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install git-annex
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```
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For RedHat-like systems (e.g., CentOS, RHEL) this can be achieved by running:
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```
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sudo yum install epel-release && sudo yum install git-annex
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```
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### Configuration for Omnibus packages
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For omnibus-gitlab packages, only one configuration setting is needed.
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The Omnibus package will internally set the correct options in all locations.
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1. In `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` add the following line:
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```ruby
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gitlab_shell['git_annex_enabled'] = true
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```
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1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab][] for the changes to take effect.
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### Configuration for installations from source
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There are 2 settings to enable git-annex on your GitLab server.
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One is located in `config/gitlab.yml` of the GitLab repository and the other
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one is located in `config.yml` of gitlab-shell.
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1. In `config/gitlab.yml` add or edit the following lines:
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```yaml
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gitlab_shell:
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git_annex_enabled: true
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```
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1. In `config.yml` of gitlab-shell add or edit the following lines:
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```yaml
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git_annex_enabled: true
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```
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1. Save the files and [restart GitLab][] for the changes to take effect.
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## Using GitLab git-annex
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> **Note:**
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> Your Git remotes must be using the SSH protocol, not HTTP(S).
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Here is an example workflow of uploading a very large file and then checking it
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into your Git repository:
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```bash
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git clone git@example.com:group/project.git
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git annex init 'My Laptop' # initialize the annex project and give an optional description
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cp ~/tmp/debian.iso ./ # copy a large file into the current directory
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git annex add debian.iso # add the large file to git annex
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git commit -am "Add Debian iso" # commit the file metadata
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git annex sync --content # sync the Git repo and large file to the GitLab server
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```
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The output should look like this:
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```
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commit
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On branch master
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Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
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(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
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nothing to commit, working tree clean
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ok
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pull origin
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remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
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remote: Total 5 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
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Unpacking objects: 100% (5/5), done.
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From example.com:group/project
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497842b..5162f80 git-annex -> origin/git-annex
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ok
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(merging origin/git-annex into git-annex...)
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(recording state in git...)
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copy debian.iso (checking origin...) (to origin...)
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SHA256E-s26214400--8092b3d482fb1b7a5cf28c43bc1425c8f2d380e86869c0686c49aa7b0f086ab2.iso
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26,214,400 100% 638.88kB/s 0:00:40 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1)
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ok
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pull origin
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ok
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(recording state in git...)
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push origin
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Counting objects: 15, done.
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Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
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Compressing objects: 100% (13/13), done.
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Writing objects: 100% (15/15), 1.64 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
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Total 15 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
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To example.com:group/project.git
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* [new branch] git-annex -> synced/git-annex
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* [new branch] master -> synced/master
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ok
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```
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Your files can be found in the `master` branch, but you'll notice that there
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are more branches created by the `annex sync` command.
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Git Annex will also create a new directory at `.git/annex/` and will record the
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tracked files in the `.git/config` file. The files you assign to be tracked
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with `git-annex` will not affect the existing `.git/config` records. The files
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are turned into symbolic links that point to data in `.git/annex/objects/`.
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The `debian.iso` file in the example will contain the symbolic link:
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```
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.git/annex/objects/ZW/1k/SHA256E-s82701--6384039733b5035b559efd5a2e25a493ab6e09aabfd5162cc03f6f0ec238429d.png/SHA256E-s82701--6384039733b5035b559efd5a2e25a493ab6e09aabfd5162cc03f6f0ec238429d.iso
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```
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Use `git annex info` to retrieve the information about the local copy of your
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repository.
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---
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Downloading a single large file is also very simple:
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```bash
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git clone git@gitlab.example.com:group/project.git
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git annex sync # sync Git branches but not the large file
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git annex get debian.iso # download the large file
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```
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To download all files:
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```bash
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git clone git@gitlab.example.com:group/project.git
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git annex sync --content # sync Git branches and download all the large files
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```
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By using `git-annex` without GitLab, anyone that can access the server can also
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access the files of all projects, but GitLab Annex ensures that you can only
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access files of projects you have access to (developer, maintainer, or owner role).
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## How it works
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Internally GitLab uses [GitLab Shell] to handle SSH access and this was a great
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integration point for `git-annex`.
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There is a setting in gitlab-shell so you can disable GitLab Annex support
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if you want to.
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## Troubleshooting tips
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Differences in version of `git-annex` on the GitLab server and on local machines
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can cause `git-annex` to raise unpredicted warnings and errors.
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Consult the [Annex upgrade page][annex-upgrade] for more information about
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the differences between versions. You can find out which version is installed
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on your server by navigating to <https://pkgs.org/download/git-annex> and
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searching for your distribution.
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Although there is no general guide for `git-annex` errors, there are a few tips
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on how to go around the warnings.
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### git-annex-shell: Not a git-annex or gcrypt repository.
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This warning can appear on the initial `git annex sync --content` and is caused
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by differences in `git-annex-shell`. You can read more about it
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[in this git-annex issue][issue].
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One important thing to note is that despite the warning, the `sync` succeeds
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and the files are pushed to the GitLab repository.
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If you get hit by this, you can run the following command inside the repository
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that the warning was raised:
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```
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git config remote.origin.annex-ignore false
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```
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Consecutive runs of `git annex sync --content` **should not** produce this
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warning and the output should look like this:
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```
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commit ok
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pull origin
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ok
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pull origin
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ok
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push origin
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```
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[annex-upgrade]: https://git-annex.branchable.com/upgrades/
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[deprecate-annex-issue]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/issues/1648
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[git-annex]: https://git-annex.branchable.com/ "git-annex website"
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[gitlab shell]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell "GitLab Shell repository"
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[guide]: lfs/migrate_from_git_annex_to_git_lfs.html
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[issue]: https://git-annex.branchable.com/forum/Error_from_git-annex-shell_on_creation_of_gcrypt_special_remote/ "git-annex issue"
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[reconfigure GitLab]: ../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure
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[restart GitLab]: ../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source
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