121 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: howto, reference
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---
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# Command Line basic commands
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When [working with Git from the command line](start-using-git.md), you will need to
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use more than just the Git commands. There are several basic commands that you should
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learn, in order to make full use of the command line.
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## Start working on your project
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To work on a Git project locally (from your own computer), with the command line,
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first you will need to [clone (copy) it](start-using-git.md#clone-a-repository) to
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your computer.
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## Working with files on the command line
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This section has examples of some basic shell commands that you might find useful.
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For more information, search the web for _bash commands_.
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Alternatively, you can edit files using your choice of editor (IDE), or the GitLab user
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interface (not locally).
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### Common commands
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The list below is not exhaustive, but contains many of the most commonly used commands.
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| Command | Description |
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|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
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| `cd NAME-OF-DIRECTORY` | Go into a directory to work in it |
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| `cd ..` | Go back one directory |
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| `ls` | List what’s in the current directory |
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| `ls a*` | List what’s in the current directory that starts with `a` |
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| `ls *.md` | List what’s in the current directory that ends with `.md` |
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| `mkdir NAME-OF-YOUR-DIRECTORY` | Create a new directory |
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| `cat README.md` | Display the contents of a [text file you created previously](#create-a-text-file-in-the-current-directory) |
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| `pwd` | Show the current directory |
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| `clear` | Clear the shell window |
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### Create a text file in the current directory
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To create a text file from the command line, for example `README.md`, follow these
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steps:
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```
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touch README.md
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nano README.md
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#### ADD YOUR INFORMATION
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#### Press: control + X
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#### Type: Y
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#### Press: enter
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```
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### Remove a file or directory
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It is easy to delete (remove) a file or directory, but be careful:
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DANGER: **Danger:**
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This will **permanently** delete a file.
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```
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rm NAME-OF-FILE
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```
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DANGER: **Danger:**
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This will **permanently** delete a directory and **all** of its contents.
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```
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rm -r NAME-OF-DIRECTORY
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```
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### View and Execute commands from history
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You can view the history of all the commands you executed from the command line,
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and then execute any of them again, if needed.
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First, list the commands you executed previously:
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```
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history
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```
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Then, choose a command from the list and check the number next to the command (`123`,
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for example) . Execute the same full command with:
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```
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!123
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```
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### Carry out commands for which the account you are using lacks authority
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Not all commands can be executed from a basic user account on a computer, you may
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need administrator's rights to execute commands that affect the system, or try to access
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protected data, for example. You can use `sudo` to execute these commands, but you
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will likely be asked for an administrator password.
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```
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sudo RESTRICTED-COMMAND
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```
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CAUTION: **Caution:**
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Be careful of the commands you run with `sudo`. Certain commands may cause
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damage to your data or system.
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## Sample Git taskflow
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If you are completely new to Git, looking through some [sample taskflows](https://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/)
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will help you understand the best practices for using these commands as you work.
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<!-- ## Troubleshooting
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Include any troubleshooting steps that you can foresee. If you know beforehand what issues
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one might have when setting this up, or when something is changed, or on upgrading, it's
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important to describe those, too. Think of things that may go wrong and include them here.
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This is important to minimize requests for support, and to avoid doc comments with
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questions that you know someone might ask.
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Each scenario can be a third-level heading, e.g. `### Getting error message X`.
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If you have none to add when creating a doc, leave this section in place
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but commented out to help encourage others to add to it in the future. -->
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