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GraphQL
Our GraphQL API can be explored via GraphiQL at your instance's
/-/graphql-explorer
or at GitLab.com.
You can check all existing queries and mutations on the right side of GraphiQL in its Documentation explorer. It's also possible to write queries and mutations directly on the left tab and check their execution by clicking Execute query button on the top left:
We use Apollo and Vue Apollo for working with GraphQL on the frontend.
Apollo Client
To save duplicated clients getting created in different apps, we have a default client that should be used. This setups the Apollo client with the correct URL and also sets the CSRF headers.
Default client accepts two parameters: resolvers
and config
.
resolvers
parameter is created to accept an object of resolvers for local state management queries and mutationsconfig
parameter takes an object of configuration settings:cacheConfig
field accepts an optional object of settings to customize Apollo cachebaseUrl
allows us to pass a URL for GraphQL endpoint different from our main endpoint (i.e.${gon.relative_url_root}/api/graphql
)assumeImmutableResults
(set tofalse
by default) - this setting, when set totrue
, will assume that every single operation on updating Apollo Cache is immutable. It also setsfreezeResults
totrue
, so any attempt on mutating Apollo Cache will throw a console warning in development environment. Please ensure you're following the immutability pattern on cache update operations before setting this option totrue
.
GraphQL Queries
To save query compilation at runtime, webpack can directly import .graphql
files. This allows webpack to preprocess the query at compile time instead
of the client doing compilation of queries.
To distinguish queries from mutations and fragments, the following naming convention is recommended:
allUsers.query.graphql
for queries;addUser.mutation.graphql
for mutations;basicUser.fragment.graphql
for fragments.
Fragments
Fragments are a way to make your complex GraphQL queries more readable and re-usable. Here is an example of GraphQL fragment:
fragment DesignListItem on Design {
id
image
event
filename
notesCount
}
Fragments can be stored in separate files, imported and used in queries, mutations or other fragments.
#import "./designList.fragment.graphql"
#import "./diffRefs.fragment.graphql"
fragment DesignItem on Design {
...DesignListItem
fullPath
diffRefs {
...DesignDiffRefs
}
}
More about fragments: GraphQL Docs
Usage in Vue
To use Vue Apollo, import the Vue Apollo plugin as well as the default client. This should be created at the same point the Vue application is mounted.
import Vue from 'vue';
import VueApollo from 'vue-apollo';
import createDefaultClient from '~/lib/graphql';
Vue.use(VueApollo);
const apolloProvider = new VueApollo({
defaultClient: createDefaultClient(),
});
new Vue({
...,
apolloProvider,
...
});
Read more about Vue Apollo in the Vue Apollo documentation.
Local state with Apollo
It is possible to manage an application state with Apollo by passing in a resolvers object when creating the default client. The default state can be set by writing to the cache after setting up the default client.
import Vue from 'vue';
import VueApollo from 'vue-apollo';
import createDefaultClient from '~/lib/graphql';
Vue.use(VueApollo);
const defaultClient = createDefaultClient({
resolvers: {}
});
defaultClient.cache.writeData({
data: {
user: {
name: 'John',
surname: 'Doe',
age: 30
},
},
});
const apolloProvider = new VueApollo({
defaultClient,
});
We can query local data with @client
Apollo directive:
// user.query.graphql
query User {
user @client {
name
surname
age
}
}
Along with creating local data, we can also extend existing GraphQL types with @client
fields. This is extremely useful when we need to mock an API responses for fields not yet added to our GraphQL API.
Mocking API response with local Apollo cache
Using local Apollo Cache is handy when we have a need to mock some GraphQL API responses, queries or mutations locally (e.g. when they're still not added to our actual API).
For example, we have a fragment on DesignVersion
used in our queries:
fragment VersionListItem on DesignVersion {
id
sha
}
We need to fetch also version author and the 'created at' property to display them in the versions dropdown but these changes are still not implemented in our API. We can change the existing fragment to get a mocked response for these new fields:
fragment VersionListItem on DesignVersion {
id
sha
author @client {
avatarUrl
name
}
createdAt @client
}
Now Apollo will try to find a resolver for every field marked with @client
directive. Let's create a resolver for DesignVersion
type (why DesignVersion
? because our fragment was created on this type).
// resolvers.js
const resolvers = {
DesignVersion: {
author: () => ({
avatarUrl:
'https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/e64c7d89f26bd1972efa854d13d7dd61?s=80&d=identicon',
name: 'Administrator',
__typename: 'User',
}),
createdAt: () => '2019-11-13T16:08:11Z',
},
};
export default resolvers;
We need to pass resolvers object to our existing Apollo Client:
// graphql.js
import createDefaultClient from '~/lib/graphql';
import resolvers from './graphql/resolvers';
const defaultClient = createDefaultClient(
{},
resolvers,
);
Now every single time on attempt to fetch a version, our client will fetch id
and sha
from the remote API endpoint and will assign our hardcoded values to author
and createdAt
version properties. With this data, frontend developers are able to work on UI part without being blocked by backend. When actual response is added to the API, a custom local resolver can be removed fast and the only change to query/fragment is @client
directive removal.
Read more about local state management with Apollo in the Vue Apollo documentation.
Testing
Mocking response as component data
With Vue test utils it is easy to quickly test components that
fetch GraphQL queries. The simplest way is to use shallowMount
and then set
the data on the component
it('tests apollo component', () => {
const vm = shallowMount(App);
vm.setData({
...mock data
});
});
Testing loading state
If we need to test how our component renders when results from the GraphQL API are still loading, we can mock a loading state into respective Apollo queries/mutations:
function createComponent({
loading = false,
} = {}) {
const $apollo = {
queries: {
designs: {
loading,
},
};
wrapper = shallowMount(Index, {
sync: false,
mocks: { $apollo }
});
}
it('renders loading icon', () => {
createComponent({ loading: true });
expect(wrapper.element).toMatchSnapshot();
})
Testing Apollo components
If we use ApolloQuery
or ApolloMutation
in our components, in order to test their functionality we need to add a stub first:
import { ApolloMutation } from 'vue-apollo';
function createComponent(props = {}) {
wrapper = shallowMount(MyComponent, {
sync: false,
propsData: {
...props,
},
stubs: {
ApolloMutation,
},
});
}
ApolloMutation
component exposes mutate
method via scoped slot. If we want to test this method, we need to add it to mocks:
const mutate = jest.fn(() => Promise.resolve());
const $apollo = {
mutate,
};
function createComponent(props = {}) {
wrapper = shallowMount(MyComponent, {
sync: false,
propsData: {
...props,
},
stubs: {
ApolloMutation,
},
mocks: {
$apollo:
}
});
}
Then we can check if mutate
is called with correct variables:
const mutationVariables = {
mutation: createNoteMutation,
update: expect.anything(),
variables: {
input: {
noteableId: 'noteable-id',
body: 'test',
discussionId: '0',
},
},
};
it('calls mutation on submitting form ', () => {
createComponent()
findReplyForm().vm.$emit('submitForm');
expect(mutate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mutationVariables);
});
Usage outside of Vue
It is also possible to use GraphQL outside of Vue by directly importing and using the default client with queries.
import defaultClient from '~/lib/graphql';
import query from './query.graphql';
defaultClient.query(query)
.then(result => console.log(result));
Read more about the Apollo client in the Apollo documentation.