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type	stage	group	info
concepts, howto	Manage	Authentication and Authorization	To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments

Personal access tokens (FREE)

Notifications for expiring tokens introduced in GitLab 12.6.

Token lifetime limits introduced in GitLab 12.6.

Additional notifications for expiring tokens introduced in GitLab 13.3.

Prefill for token name and scopes introduced in GitLab 14.1.

Personal access tokens can be an alternative to OAuth2 and used to:

Authenticate with the GitLab API.
Authenticate with Git using HTTP Basic Authentication.

In both cases, you authenticate with a personal access token in place of your password.

Personal access tokens are:

Required when two-factor authentication (2FA) is enabled.
Used with a GitLab username to authenticate with GitLab features that require usernames. For example, GitLab managed Terraform state backend and Docker container registry,
Similar to project access tokens and group access tokens, but are attached to a user rather than a project or group.

NOTE: Though required, GitLab usernames are ignored when authenticating with a personal access token. There is an issue for tracking to make GitLab use the username.

For examples of how you can use a personal access token to authenticate with the API, see the API documentation.

Alternately, GitLab administrators can use the API to create impersonation tokens. Use impersonation tokens to automate authentication as a specific user.

Create a personal access token

You can create as many personal access tokens as you like.

In the top-right corner, select your avatar.
Select Edit profile.
On the left sidebar, select Access Tokens.
Enter a name and optional expiry date for the token.
Select the desired scopes.
Select Create personal access token.

Save the personal access token somewhere safe. After you leave the page, you no longer have access to the token.

Prefill personal access token name and scopes

You can link directly to the Personal Access Token page and have the form prefilled with a name and list of scopes. To do this, you can append a name parameter and a list of comma-separated scopes to the URL. For example:

https://gitlab.example.com/-/profile/personal_access_tokens?name=Example+Access+token&scopes=api,read_user,read_registry

WARNING: Personal access tokens must be treated carefully. Read our token security considerations for guidance on managing personal access tokens (for example, setting a short expiry and using minimal scopes).

Revoke a personal access token

At any time, you can revoke a personal access token.

In the top-right corner, select your avatar.
Select Edit profile.
On the left sidebar, select Access Tokens.
In the Active personal access tokens area, next to the key, select Revoke.

View the last time a token was used

Token usage is updated once every 24 hours. It is updated each time the token is used to request API resources and the GraphQL API.

To view the last time a token was used:

In the top-right corner, select your avatar.
Select Edit profile.
On the left sidebar, select Access Tokens.
In the Active personal access tokens area, next to the key, view the Last Used date.

Personal access token scopes

A personal access token can perform actions based on the assigned scopes.

Scope	Access
`api`	Read-write for the complete API, including all groups and projects, the Container Registry, and the Package Registry.
`read_user`	Read-only for endpoints under `/users`. Essentially, access to any of the `GET` requests in the Users API.
`read_api`	Read-only for the complete API, including all groups and projects, the Container Registry, and the Package Registry. (Introduced in GitLab 12.10.)
`read_repository`	Read-only (pull) for the repository through `git clone`.
`write_repository`	Read-write (pull, push) for the repository through `git clone`.
`read_registry`	Read-only (pull) for Container Registry images if a project is private and authorization is required.
`write_registry`	Read-write (push) for Container Registry images if a project is private and authorization is required. (Introduced in GitLab 12.10.)
`sudo`	API actions as any user in the system (if the authenticated user is an administrator).

When personal access tokens expire

Personal access tokens expire on the date you define, at midnight UTC.

GitLab runs a check at 01:00 AM UTC every day to identify personal access tokens that expire in the next seven days. The owners of these tokens are notified by email.
GitLab runs a check at 02:00 AM UTC every day to identify personal access tokens that expire on the current date. The owners of these tokens are notified by email.
In GitLab Ultimate, administrators can limit the lifetime of personal access tokens.
In GitLab Ultimate, administrators can choose whether or not to enforce personal access token expiration.

Create a personal access token programmatically (FREE SELF)

You can create a predetermined personal access token as part of your tests or automation.

Prerequisite:

You need sufficient access to run a Rails console session for your GitLab instance.

To create a personal access token programmatically:

Open a Rails console:
```
sudo gitlab-rails console
```
Run the following commands to reference the username, the token, and the scopes.

The token must be 20 characters long. The scopes must be valid and are visible in the source code.

For example, to create a token that belongs to a user with username automation-bot:
```
user = User.find_by_username('automation-bot')
token = user.personal_access_tokens.create(scopes: [:read_user, :read_repository], name: 'Automation token')
token.set_token('token-string-here123')
token.save!
```

This code can be shortened into a single-line shell command by using the Rails runner:

sudo gitlab-rails runner "token = User.find_by_username('automation-bot').personal_access_tokens.create(scopes: [:read_user, :read_repository], name: 'Automation token'); token.set_token('token-string-here123'); token.save!"

Revoke a personal access token programmatically (FREE SELF)

You can programmatically revoke a personal access token as part of your tests or automation.