93 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
93 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Verify
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group: Pipeline Execution
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#designated-technical-writers
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type: reference
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---
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<!-- markdownlint-disable MD044 -->
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<!-- vale gitlab.Spelling = NO -->
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# The .gitlab-ci.yml file **(FREE)**
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<!-- vale gitlab.Spelling = YES -->
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<!-- markdownlint-enable MD044 -->
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To use GitLab CI/CD, you need:
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- Application code hosted in a Git repository.
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- A file called [`.gitlab-ci.yml`](index.md) in the root of your repository, which
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contains the CI/CD configuration.
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In the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file, you can define:
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- The scripts you want to run.
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- Other configuration files and templates you want to include.
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- Dependencies and caches.
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- The commands you want to run in sequence and those you want to run in parallel.
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- The location to deploy your application to.
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- Whether you want to run the scripts automatically or trigger any of them manually.
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The scripts are grouped into **jobs**, and jobs run as part of a larger
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**pipeline**. You can group multiple independent jobs into **stages** that run in a defined order.
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The CI/CD configuration needs at least one job that is [not hidden](index.md#hide-jobs).
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You should organize your jobs in a sequence that suits your application and is in accordance with
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the tests you wish to perform. To [visualize](../pipeline_editor/index.md#visualize-ci-configuration) the process, imagine
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the scripts you add to jobs are the same as CLI commands you run on your computer.
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When you add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file to your
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repository, GitLab detects it and an application called [GitLab Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/)
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runs the scripts defined in the jobs.
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A `.gitlab-ci.yml` file might contain:
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```yaml
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stages:
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- build
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- test
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build-code-job:
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stage: build
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script:
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- echo "Check the ruby version, then build some Ruby project files:"
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- ruby -v
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- rake
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test-code-job1:
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stage: test
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script:
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- echo "If the files are built successfully, test some files with one command:"
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- rake test1
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test-code-job2:
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stage: test
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script:
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- echo "If the files are built successfully, test other files with a different command:"
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- rake test2
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```
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In this example, the `build-code-job` job in the `build` stage runs first. It outputs
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the Ruby version the job is using, then runs `rake` to build project files.
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If this job completes successfully, the two `test-code-job` jobs in the `test` stage start
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in parallel and run tests on the files.
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The full pipeline in the example is composed of three jobs, grouped into two stages,
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`build` and `test`. The pipeline runs every time changes are pushed to any
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branch in the project.
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GitLab CI/CD not only executes the jobs but also shows you what's happening during execution,
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just as you would see in your terminal:
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You create the strategy for your app and GitLab runs the pipeline
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according to what you've defined. Your pipeline status is also
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displayed by GitLab:
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If anything goes wrong, you can
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[roll back](../environments/index.md#retry-or-roll-back-a-deployment) the changes:
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[View the full syntax for the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file](index.md).
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