308 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
308 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Enablement
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group: Database
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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---
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# Migrating from MySQL to PostgreSQL **(FREE SELF)**
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This guide documents how to take a working GitLab instance that uses MySQL and
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migrate it to a PostgreSQL database.
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## Requirements
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NOTE:
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Support for MySQL was removed in GitLab 12.1. This procedure should be performed
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**before** installing GitLab 12.1.
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[pgLoader](https://pgloader.io/) 3.4.1+ is required, confirm with `pgloader -V`.
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You can install it directly from your distribution, for example in
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Debian/Ubuntu:
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1. Search for the version:
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```shell
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apt-cache madison pgloader
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```
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1. If the version is 3.4.1+, install it with:
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```shell
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sudo apt-get install pgloader
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```
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If your distribution's version is too old, use PostgreSQL's repository:
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```shell
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# Add repository
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sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
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# Add key
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sudo apt-get install wget ca-certificates
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wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
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# Install package
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install pgloader
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```
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For other distributions, follow the instructions in PostgreSQL's
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[download page](https://www.postgresql.org/download/) to add their repository
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and then install `pgloader`.
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If you are migrating to a Docker based installation, you must install
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pgLoader within the container as it is not included in the container image.
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1. Start a shell session in the context of the running container:
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```shell
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docker exec -it gitlab bash
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```
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1. Install pgLoader:
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```shell
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apt-get update
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apt-get -y install pgloader
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```
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## Omnibus GitLab installations
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For [Omnibus GitLab packages](https://about.gitlab.com/install/), you first
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need to enable the bundled PostgreSQL:
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1. Stop GitLab:
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```shell
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sudo gitlab-ctl stop
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```
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1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` to enable bundled PostgreSQL:
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```ruby
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postgresql['enable'] = true
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```
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1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` to use the bundled PostgreSQL. Review all of the
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settings beginning with `db_` (such as `gitlab_rails['db_adapter']`). To use
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the default values, you can comment all of them out.
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1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure)
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for the changes to take effect.
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1. Start Unicorn and PostgreSQL so that we can prepare the schema:
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```shell
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sudo gitlab-ctl start unicorn
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sudo gitlab-ctl start postgresql
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```
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1. Run the following commands to prepare the schema:
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```shell
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sudo gitlab-rake db:create db:migrate
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```
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1. Stop Unicorn to prevent other database access from interfering with the loading of data:
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```shell
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sudo gitlab-ctl stop unicorn
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```
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After these steps, you have a fresh PostgreSQL database with up-to-date schema.
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Next, use `pgloader` to migrate the data from the old MySQL database to the
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new PostgreSQL one:
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1. Save the following snippet in a `commands.load` file, and edit with your
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MySQL database `username`, `password` and `host`:
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```sql
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LOAD DATABASE
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FROM mysql://username:password@host/gitlabhq_production
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INTO postgresql://gitlab-psql@unix://var/opt/gitlab/postgresql:/gitlabhq_production
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WITH include no drop, truncate, disable triggers, create no tables,
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create no indexes, preserve index names, no foreign keys,
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data only
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SET MySQL PARAMETERS
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net_read_timeout = '90',
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net_write_timeout = '180'
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ALTER SCHEMA 'gitlabhq_production' RENAME TO 'public'
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;
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```
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1. Start the migration:
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```shell
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sudo -u gitlab-psql pgloader commands.load
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```
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1. After the migration finishes, you should see a summary table that looks like
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the following:
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```plaintext
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table name read imported errors total time
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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fetch meta data 119 119 0 0.388s
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Truncate 119 119 0 1.134s
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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public.abuse_reports 0 0 0 0.490s
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public.appearances 0 0 0 0.488s
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.
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.
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.
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public.web_hook_logs 0 0 0 1.080s
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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COPY Threads Completion 4 4 0 2.008s
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Reset Sequences 113 113 0 0.304s
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Install Comments 0 0 0 0.000s
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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Total import time 1894 1894 0 12.497s
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```
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If there is no output for more than 30 minutes, it's possible `pgloader` encountered an error. See
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the [troubleshooting guide](#troubleshooting) for more details.
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1. Start GitLab:
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```shell
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sudo gitlab-ctl start
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```
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You can now verify that everything works as expected by visiting GitLab.
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## Source installations
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For installations from source that use MySQL, you must first
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[install PostgreSQL and create a database](../install/installation.md#6-database).
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After the database is created, go on with the following steps:
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1. Stop GitLab:
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```shell
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sudo service gitlab stop
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```
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1. Switch database from MySQL to PostgreSQL
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```shell
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cd /home/git/gitlab
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sudo -u git mv config/database.yml config/database.yml.bak
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sudo -u git cp config/database.yml.postgresql config/database.yml
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sudo -u git -H chmod o-rwx config/database.yml
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```
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1. Install Gems related to PostgreSQL
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```shell
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sudo -u git -H rm .bundle/config
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sudo -u git -H bundle install --deployment --without development test mysql aws kerberos
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```
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1. Run the following commands to prepare the schema:
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```shell
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sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake db:create db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production
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```
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After these steps, you have a fresh PostgreSQL database with up-to-date schema.
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Next, use `pgloader` to migrate the data from the old MySQL database to the
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new PostgreSQL one:
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1. Save the following snippet in a `commands.load` file, and edit with your
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MySQL `username`, `password` and `host`:
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```sql
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LOAD DATABASE
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FROM mysql://username:password@host/gitlabhq_production
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INTO postgresql://postgres@unix://var/run/postgresql:/gitlabhq_production
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WITH include no drop, truncate, disable triggers, create no tables,
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create no indexes, preserve index names, no foreign keys,
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data only
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SET MySQL PARAMETERS
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net_read_timeout = '90',
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net_write_timeout = '180'
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ALTER SCHEMA 'gitlabhq_production' RENAME TO 'public'
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;
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```
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1. Start the migration:
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```shell
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sudo -u postgres pgloader commands.load
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```
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1. After the migration finishes, you should see a summary table that looks like
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the following:
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```plaintext
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table name read imported errors total time
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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fetch meta data 119 119 0 0.388s
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Truncate 119 119 0 1.134s
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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public.abuse_reports 0 0 0 0.490s
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public.appearances 0 0 0 0.488s
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.
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.
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.
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public.web_hook_logs 0 0 0 1.080s
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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COPY Threads Completion 4 4 0 2.008s
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Reset Sequences 113 113 0 0.304s
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Install Comments 0 0 0 0.000s
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----------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------------
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Total import time 1894 1894 0 12.497s
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```
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If there is no output for more than 30 minutes, it's possible `pgloader` encountered an error. See
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the [troubleshooting guide](#troubleshooting) for more details.
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1. Start GitLab:
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```shell
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sudo service gitlab start
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```
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You can now verify that everything works as expected by visiting GitLab.
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## Troubleshooting
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Sometimes, you might encounter some errors during or after the migration.
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### Database error permission denied
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The PostgreSQL user that you use for the migration MUST have **superuser** privileges.
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Otherwise, you may see a similar message to the following:
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```plaintext
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debugger invoked on a CL-POSTGRES-ERROR:INSUFFICIENT-PRIVILEGE in thread
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#<THREAD "lparallel" RUNNING {10078A3513}>:
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Database error 42501: permission denied: "RI_ConstraintTrigger_a_20937" is a system trigger
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QUERY: ALTER TABLE ci_builds DISABLE TRIGGER ALL;
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2017-08-23T00:36:56.782000Z ERROR Database error 42501: permission denied: "RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_20864" is a system trigger
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QUERY: ALTER TABLE approver_groups DISABLE TRIGGER ALL;
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```
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### Experiencing 500 errors after the migration
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If you experience 500 errors after the migration, try to clear the cache:
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```shell
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# Omnibus GitLab
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sudo gitlab-rake cache:clear
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# Installations from source
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sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake cache:clear RAILS_ENV=production
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```
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