mirror of https://github.com/tailix/libkernaux.git
255 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
255 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
libkernaux
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==========
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[](https://github.com/tailix/libkernaux/actions/workflows/main.yml)
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[)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/tailix/libkernaux)
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Auxiliary library for kernel development.
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[Topic on OSDev.org forum](https://forum.osdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=37958).
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Table of contents
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-----------------
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* [Overview](#libkernaux)
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* [Table of contents](#table-of-contents)
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* [API](#api)
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* [Headers](#headers)
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* [Definitions](#definitions)
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* [Global variables](#global-variables)
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* [Configuration](#configuration)
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* [Non-default options](#non-default-options)
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* [Default options](#default-options)
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* [Tips](#tips)
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* [Installation](#installation)
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* [Development](#development)
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* [Cross](#cross)
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API
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---
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### Headers
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We use [semantic versioning](https://semver.org) for stable APIs. Stable APIs
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may only change when major version number is increased (or minor while major is
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zero). Work-in-progress APIs can change at any time.
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* Basic features
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* [Feature macros](/include/kernaux/version.h.in) (*work in progress*)
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* [Runtime environment](/include/kernaux/runtime.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.7.0**)
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* [Macros](/include/kernaux/macro.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.6.0**)
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* [Example: packing](/examples/macro_packing.c)
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* [Example: BITS](/examples/macro_bits.c)
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* [Example: CAST\_\*](/examples/macro_cast.c);
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* [Example: CONTAINER\_OF](/examples/macro_container_of.c)
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* [Example: STATIC\_TEST\*](/examples/macro_static_test.c)
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* Stack trace *(planned)*
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* Generic types
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* [Display](/include/kernaux/generic/display.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.7.0**)
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* [Example](/examples/generic_display.c)
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* [Memory allocator](/include/kernaux/generic/malloc.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.5.0**)
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* [Example](/examples/generic_malloc.c)
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* [Mutex](/include/kernaux/generic/mutex.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.5.0**)
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* [Example](/examples/generic_mutex.c)
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* Algorithms
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* [Free list memory allocator](/include/kernaux/free_list.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.5.0**)
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* [Simple command line parser](/include/kernaux/cmdline.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.2.0**)
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* [Example](/examples/cmdline.c)
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* [Page Frame Allocator](/include/kernaux/pfa.h) (*work in progress*)
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* [Example](/examples/pfa.c)
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* Data formats
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* [ELF](/include/kernaux/elf.h) (*work in progress*)
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* [MBR](/include/kernaux/mbr.h) (*work in progress*)
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* [Multiboot 2 (GRUB 2)](/include/kernaux/multiboot2.h.in) (*non-breaking since* **0.7.0**)
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* [Example: header macros](/examples/multiboot2_header_macro.c)
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* Utilities
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* [Measurement units utils](/include/kernaux/units.h) (*work in progress*)
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* [Example: To human](/examples/units_human.c)
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* [Memory map](/include/kernaux/memmap.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.7.0**)
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* [Example](/examples/memmap.c)
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* [printf format parser](/include/kernaux/printf_fmt.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.6.0**)
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* [Example](/examples/printf_fmt.c)
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* Usual functions
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* [itoa/ftoa replacement](/include/kernaux/ntoa.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.4.0**)
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* [Example](/examples/ntoa.c)
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* [printf replacement](/include/kernaux/printf.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.5.0**)
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* [Example: fprintf](/examples/printf_file.c)
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* [Example: vfprintf](/examples/printf_file_va.c)
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* [Example: snprintf](/examples/printf_str.c)
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* [Example: vsnprintf](/examples/printf_str_va.c)
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* Architecture-specific code (*work in progress*)
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* [Declarations](/include/kernaux/arch/)
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* [Functions](/include/kernaux/asm/)
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### Definitions
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`#define` the following C preprocessor macros before including `<kernaux.h>` and
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`<kernaux/*.h>` files. They have effect on your code, not the library code.
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* `KERNAUX_ACCESS_PRIVATE` - disable access modifier "private". Don't do this!
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* `KERNAUX_ACCESS_PROTECTED` - disable access modifier "protected". Only do this
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in a file where you implement an inherited type.
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* `KERNAUX_BITFIELDS` - enable bitfields in packed structs. It doesn't follow
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the C standard and may be incompatible with some compilers.
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### Global variables
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```c
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// in <kernaux/runtime.h>
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void (*kernaux_assert_cb)(const char *file, int line, const char *msg)
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```
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Assertion callback. It's better to always set it to some function which always
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interrupts the execution, even when assertions are disabled. It may for example
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call `abort()` in hosted environment, raise an exception in Ruby, panic in Rust
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or power off the machine in freestanding environment. It may also log the error
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location and message.
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Configuration
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-------------
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Because this library has no external dependencies, we use **autoconf** features
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to control behavior of the library, and packages to choose it's components.
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Configuration options also follow the [semantic versioning](https://semver.org)
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scheme and are split into stable and work-in-progress ones. Here we cover only
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stable options.
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### Non-default options
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#### Features
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* `--enable-checks` - enable usual tests and examples
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* `--enable-checks-all` - enable all checks
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* `--enable-checks-cppcheck` - enable cppcheck
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* `--enable-checks-pthreads` - enable tests that require pthreads
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* `--enable-checks-python` - enable tests that require Python 3 with YAML and
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Jinja2
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* `--enable-fixtures` - enable fixtures for tests and bindings
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* `--enable-pkg-config[=PATH]` - install pkg-config files
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[PATH='${libdir}/pkgconfig']
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### Default options
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#### Features
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* `--(enable|disable)-assert` - assertions
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* `--(enable|disable)-float` - floating-point arithmetic
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* `--(enable|disable)-werror` - fail on warning (`CFLAGS+='-Werror'`)
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#### Packages
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All packages are included by default. To exclude all packages except those
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explicitly included, use `--without-all`.
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* `--with[out]-arch-all` - all architectures
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* `--with[out]-arch-i386` - architecture i386
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* `--with[out]-arch-riscv64` - architecture riscv64
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* `--with[out]-arch-x86-64` - architecture x86-64
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* `--with[out]-asm` - kernel assembler helpers
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* `--with[out]-cmdline` - command line parser
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* `--with[out]-free-list` - free list memory allocator
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* `--with[out]-memmap` - memory map
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* `--with[out]-multiboot2` - Multiboot 2 utils
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* `--with[out]-ntoa` - itoa/ftoa
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* `--with[out]-printf` - printf
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Tips
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----
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### Installation
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```
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./autogen.sh # if present
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./configure
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make
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sudo make install
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sudo ldconfig # on GNU/Linux
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```
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This is just a usual library. You can use most of it's APIs in hosted
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environment.
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### Development
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```
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./autogen.sh # if present
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./configure --enable-fixtures --enable-checks # or --enable-checks-all, but see prerequisites
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make
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```
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You can test with `make check`.
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#### See also
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* [GitHub Actions](/.github/) for **GNU/Linux** build environment
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* [Cirrus CI](/.cirrus.yml) for **FreeBSD** build environment
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* [sourcehut CI](/.openbsd.yml) for **OpenBSD** build environment
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### Cross
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Create configuration script with `./autogen.sh` (if present).
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The library requires some functions from the standard C library.
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Use [libclayer](https://github.com/tailix/libclayer).
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Let's assume that your target triplet is `i386-elf`. Configure with
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[cross-compiler](https://wiki.osdev.org/GCC_Cross-Compiler) in `$PATH` to make
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without it in `$PATH`:
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```
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./configure \
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--host='i386-elf' \
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--disable-shared \
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--enable-freestanding \
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CC="$(which i386-elf-gcc)" \
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CFLAGS='-I<path/to/libc/headers>'
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```
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The variables include `AR`, `AS`, `CC`, `CCAS`, `LD`, `NM`, `OBJDUMP`, `RANLIB`,
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`STRIP`. See the generated `config.log` for more information.
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To install into specific directory use full path: `DESTDIR="$(pwd)/dest" make
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install` instead of `DESTDIR=dest make install`.
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Check if compilation targets i386: `objdump -d src/asm/i386.o`. It should output
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something like this:
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```
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src/asm/i386.o: file format elf32-i386
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Disassembly of section .text:
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00000000 <kernaux_asm_i386_read_cr0>:
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0: 0f 20 c0 mov %cr0,%eax
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3: c3 ret
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00000004 <kernaux_asm_i386_read_cr4>:
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4: 0f 20 e0 mov %cr4,%eax
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7: c3 ret
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00000008 <kernaux_asm_i386_write_cr0>:
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8: 8b 44 24 04 mov 0x4(%esp),%eax
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c: 0f 22 c0 mov %eax,%cr0
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f: c3 ret
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00000010 <kernaux_asm_i386_write_cr3>:
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10: 8b 44 24 04 mov 0x4(%esp),%eax
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14: 0f 22 d8 mov %eax,%cr3
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17: c3 ret
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00000018 <kernaux_asm_i386_write_cr4>:
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18: 8b 44 24 04 mov 0x4(%esp),%eax
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1c: 0f 22 e0 mov %eax,%cr4
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1f: c3 ret
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```
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