alacritty/alacritty_terminal/src/term/mod.rs

//! Exports the `Term` type which is a high-level API for the Grid.

use std::cmp::{max, min};
use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut, Range};
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::{mem, ptr, str};

use bitflags::bitflags;
use log::{debug, trace};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthChar;

use crate::ansi::{
    self, Attr, CharsetIndex, Color, CursorShape, CursorStyle, Handler, NamedColor, StandardCharset,
};
use crate::config::Config;
use crate::event::{Event, EventListener};
use crate::grid::{Dimensions, Grid, GridIterator, Scroll};
use crate::index::{self, Boundary, Column, Direction, Line, Point, Side};
use crate::selection::{Selection, SelectionRange};
use crate::term::cell::{Cell, Flags, LineLength};
use crate::term::color::{Colors, Rgb};
use crate::vi_mode::{ViModeCursor, ViMotion};

pub mod cell;
pub mod color;
pub mod search;

/// Minimum number of columns.
///
/// A minimum of 2 is necessary to hold fullwidth unicode characters.
pub const MIN_COLUMNS: usize = 2;

/// Minimum number of visible lines.
pub const MIN_SCREEN_LINES: usize = 1;

/// Max size of the window title stack.
const TITLE_STACK_MAX_DEPTH: usize = 4096;

/// Default tab interval, corresponding to terminfo `it` value.
const INITIAL_TABSTOPS: usize = 8;

bitflags! {
    pub struct TermMode: u32 {
        const NONE                = 0;
        const SHOW_CURSOR         = 0b0000_0000_0000_0000_0001;
        const APP_CURSOR          = 0b0000_0000_0000_0000_0010;
        const APP_KEYPAD          = 0b0000_0000_0000_0000_0100;
        const MOUSE_REPORT_CLICK  = 0b0000_0000_0000_0000_1000;
        const BRACKETED_PASTE     = 0b0000_0000_0000_0001_0000;
        const SGR_MOUSE           = 0b0000_0000_0000_0010_0000;
        const MOUSE_MOTION        = 0b0000_0000_0000_0100_0000;
        const LINE_WRAP           = 0b0000_0000_0000_1000_0000;
        const LINE_FEED_NEW_LINE  = 0b0000_0000_0001_0000_0000;
        const ORIGIN              = 0b0000_0000_0010_0000_0000;
        const INSERT              = 0b0000_0000_0100_0000_0000;
        const FOCUS_IN_OUT        = 0b0000_0000_1000_0000_0000;
        const ALT_SCREEN          = 0b0000_0001_0000_0000_0000;
        const MOUSE_DRAG          = 0b0000_0010_0000_0000_0000;
        const MOUSE_MODE          = 0b0000_0010_0000_0100_1000;
        const UTF8_MOUSE          = 0b0000_0100_0000_0000_0000;
        const ALTERNATE_SCROLL    = 0b0000_1000_0000_0000_0000;
        const VI                  = 0b0001_0000_0000_0000_0000;
        const URGENCY_HINTS       = 0b0010_0000_0000_0000_0000;
        const ANY                 = std::u32::MAX;
    }
}

impl Default for TermMode {
    fn default() -> TermMode {
        TermMode::SHOW_CURSOR
            | TermMode::LINE_WRAP
            | TermMode::ALTERNATE_SCROLL
            | TermMode::URGENCY_HINTS
    }
}

/// Terminal size info.
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct SizeInfo {
    /// Terminal window width.
    width: f32,

    /// Terminal window height.
    height: f32,

    /// Width of individual cell.
    cell_width: f32,

    /// Height of individual cell.
    cell_height: f32,

    /// Horizontal window padding.
    padding_x: f32,

    /// Horizontal window padding.
    padding_y: f32,

    /// Number of lines in the viewport.
    screen_lines: usize,

    /// Number of columns in the viewport.
    columns: usize,
}

impl SizeInfo {
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        width: f32,
        height: f32,
        cell_width: f32,
        cell_height: f32,
        mut padding_x: f32,
        mut padding_y: f32,
        dynamic_padding: bool,
    ) -> SizeInfo {
        if dynamic_padding {
            padding_x = Self::dynamic_padding(padding_x.floor(), width, cell_width);
            padding_y = Self::dynamic_padding(padding_y.floor(), height, cell_height);
        }

        let lines = (height - 2. * padding_y) / cell_height;
        let screen_lines = max(lines as usize, MIN_SCREEN_LINES);

        let columns = (width - 2. * padding_x) / cell_width;
        let columns = max(columns as usize, MIN_COLUMNS);

        SizeInfo {
            width,
            height,
            cell_width,
            cell_height,
            padding_x: padding_x.floor(),
            padding_y: padding_y.floor(),
            screen_lines,
            columns,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn reserve_lines(&mut self, count: usize) {
        self.screen_lines = max(self.screen_lines.saturating_sub(count), MIN_SCREEN_LINES);
    }

    /// Check if coordinates are inside the terminal grid.
    ///
    /// The padding, message bar or search are not counted as part of the grid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn contains_point(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> bool {
        x <= (self.padding_x + self.columns as f32 * self.cell_width) as usize
            && x > self.padding_x as usize
            && y <= (self.padding_y + self.screen_lines as f32 * self.cell_height) as usize
            && y > self.padding_y as usize
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn width(&self) -> f32 {
        self.width
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {
        self.height
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn cell_width(&self) -> f32 {
        self.cell_width
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn cell_height(&self) -> f32 {
        self.cell_height
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn padding_x(&self) -> f32 {
        self.padding_x
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn padding_y(&self) -> f32 {
        self.padding_y
    }

    /// Calculate padding to spread it evenly around the terminal content.
    #[inline]
    fn dynamic_padding(padding: f32, dimension: f32, cell_dimension: f32) -> f32 {
        padding + ((dimension - 2. * padding) % cell_dimension) / 2.
    }
}

impl Dimensions for SizeInfo {
    #[inline]
    fn columns(&self) -> usize {
        self.columns
    }

    #[inline]
    fn screen_lines(&self) -> usize {
        self.screen_lines
    }

    #[inline]
    fn total_lines(&self) -> usize {
        self.screen_lines()
    }
}

pub struct Term<T> {
    /// Terminal focus controlling the cursor shape.
    pub is_focused: bool,

    /// Cursor for keyboard selection.
    pub vi_mode_cursor: ViModeCursor,

    pub selection: Option<Selection>,

    /// Currently active grid.
    ///
    /// Tracks the screen buffer currently in use. While the alternate screen buffer is active,
    /// this will be the alternate grid. Otherwise it is the primary screen buffer.
    grid: Grid<Cell>,

    /// Currently inactive grid.
    ///
    /// Opposite of the active grid. While the alternate screen buffer is active, this will be the
    /// primary grid. Otherwise it is the alternate screen buffer.
    inactive_grid: Grid<Cell>,

    /// Index into `charsets`, pointing to what ASCII is currently being mapped to.
    active_charset: CharsetIndex,

    /// Tabstops.
    tabs: TabStops,

    /// Mode flags.
    mode: TermMode,

    /// Scroll region.
    ///
    /// Range going from top to bottom of the terminal, indexed from the top of the viewport.
    scroll_region: Range<Line>,

    semantic_escape_chars: String,

    /// Modified terminal colors.
    colors: Colors,

    /// Current style of the cursor.
    cursor_style: Option<CursorStyle>,

    /// Default style for resetting the cursor.
    default_cursor_style: CursorStyle,

    /// Style of the vi mode cursor.
    vi_mode_cursor_style: Option<CursorStyle>,

    /// Proxy for sending events to the event loop.
    event_proxy: T,

    /// Current title of the window.
    title: Option<String>,

    /// Stack of saved window titles. When a title is popped from this stack, the `title` for the
    /// term is set.
    title_stack: Vec<Option<String>>,

    /// Information about cell dimensions.
    cell_width: usize,
    cell_height: usize,
}

impl<T> Term<T> {
    #[inline]
    pub fn scroll_display(&mut self, scroll: Scroll)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        self.grid.scroll_display(scroll);
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::MouseCursorDirty);

        // Clamp vi mode cursor to the viewport.
        let viewport_start = -(self.grid.display_offset() as i32);
        let viewport_end = viewport_start + self.bottommost_line().0;
        let vi_cursor_line = &mut self.vi_mode_cursor.point.line.0;
        *vi_cursor_line = min(viewport_end, max(viewport_start, *vi_cursor_line));
        self.vi_mode_recompute_selection();
    }

    pub fn new<C>(config: &Config<C>, size: SizeInfo, event_proxy: T) -> Term<T> {
        let num_cols = size.columns;
        let num_lines = size.screen_lines;

        let history_size = config.scrolling.history() as usize;
        let grid = Grid::new(num_lines, num_cols, history_size);
        let alt = Grid::new(num_lines, num_cols, 0);

        let tabs = TabStops::new(grid.columns());

        let scroll_region = Line(0)..Line(grid.screen_lines() as i32);

        Term {
            grid,
            inactive_grid: alt,
            active_charset: Default::default(),
            vi_mode_cursor: Default::default(),
            tabs,
            mode: Default::default(),
            scroll_region,
            colors: color::Colors::default(),
            semantic_escape_chars: config.selection.semantic_escape_chars.to_owned(),
            cursor_style: None,
            default_cursor_style: config.cursor.style(),
            vi_mode_cursor_style: config.cursor.vi_mode_style(),
            event_proxy,
            is_focused: true,
            title: None,
            title_stack: Vec::new(),
            selection: None,
            cell_width: size.cell_width as usize,
            cell_height: size.cell_height as usize,
        }
    }

    pub fn update_config<C>(&mut self, config: &Config<C>)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        self.semantic_escape_chars = config.selection.semantic_escape_chars.to_owned();
        self.default_cursor_style = config.cursor.style();
        self.vi_mode_cursor_style = config.cursor.vi_mode_style();

        let title_event = match &self.title {
            Some(title) => Event::Title(title.clone()),
            None => Event::ResetTitle,
        };

        self.event_proxy.send_event(title_event);

        if self.mode.contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN) {
            self.inactive_grid.update_history(config.scrolling.history() as usize);
        } else {
            self.grid.update_history(config.scrolling.history() as usize);
        }
    }

    /// Convert the active selection to a String.
    pub fn selection_to_string(&self) -> Option<String> {
        let selection_range = self.selection.as_ref().and_then(|s| s.to_range(self))?;
        let SelectionRange { start, end, is_block } = selection_range;

        let mut res = String::new();

        if is_block {
            for line in (start.line.0..end.line.0).map(Line::from) {
                res += &self.line_to_string(line, start.column..end.column, start.column.0 != 0);

                // If the last column is included, newline is appended automatically.
                if end.column != self.columns() - 1 {
                    res += "\n";
                }
            }
            res += &self.line_to_string(end.line, start.column..end.column, true);
        } else {
            res = self.bounds_to_string(start, end);
        }

        Some(res)
    }

    /// Convert range between two points to a String.
    pub fn bounds_to_string(&self, start: Point, end: Point) -> String {
        let mut res = String::new();

        for line in (start.line.0..=end.line.0).map(Line::from) {
            let start_col = if line == start.line { start.column } else { Column(0) };
            let end_col = if line == end.line { end.column } else { self.last_column() };

            res += &self.line_to_string(line, start_col..end_col, line == end.line);
        }

        res
    }

    /// Convert a single line in the grid to a String.
    fn line_to_string(
        &self,
        line: Line,
        mut cols: Range<Column>,
        include_wrapped_wide: bool,
    ) -> String {
        let mut text = String::new();

        let grid_line = &self.grid[line];
        let line_length = min(grid_line.line_length(), cols.end + 1);

        // Include wide char when trailing spacer is selected.
        if grid_line[cols.start].flags.contains(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) {
            cols.start -= 1;
        }

        let mut tab_mode = false;
        for column in (cols.start.0..line_length.0).map(Column::from) {
            let cell = &grid_line[column];

            // Skip over cells until next tab-stop once a tab was found.
            if tab_mode {
                if self.tabs[column] {
                    tab_mode = false;
                } else {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if cell.c == '\t' {
                tab_mode = true;
            }

            if !cell.flags.intersects(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER | Flags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) {
                // Push cells primary character.
                text.push(cell.c);

                // Push zero-width characters.
                for c in cell.zerowidth().into_iter().flatten() {
                    text.push(*c);
                }
            }
        }

        if cols.end >= self.columns() - 1
            && (line_length.0 == 0
                || !self.grid[line][line_length - 1].flags.contains(Flags::WRAPLINE))
        {
            text.push('\n');
        }

        // If wide char is not part of the selection, but leading spacer is, include it.
        if line_length == self.columns()
            && line_length.0 >= 2
            && grid_line[line_length - 1].flags.contains(Flags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER)
            && include_wrapped_wide
        {
            text.push(self.grid[line - 1i32][Column(0)].c);
        }

        text
    }

    /// Terminal content required for rendering.
    #[inline]
    pub fn renderable_content(&self) -> RenderableContent<'_>
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        RenderableContent::new(self)
    }

    /// Access to the raw grid data structure.
    ///
    /// This is a bit of a hack; when the window is closed, the event processor
    /// serializes the grid state to a file.
    pub fn grid(&self) -> &Grid<Cell> {
        &self.grid
    }

    /// Mutable access for swapping out the grid during tests.
    #[cfg(test)]
    pub fn grid_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Grid<Cell> {
        &mut self.grid
    }

    /// Resize terminal to new dimensions.
    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: SizeInfo) {
        self.cell_width = size.cell_width as usize;
        self.cell_height = size.cell_height as usize;

        let old_cols = self.columns();
        let old_lines = self.screen_lines();

        let num_cols = size.columns;
        let num_lines = size.screen_lines;

        if old_cols == num_cols && old_lines == num_lines {
            debug!("Term::resize dimensions unchanged");
            return;
        }

        debug!("New num_cols is {} and num_lines is {}", num_cols, num_lines);

        // Move vi mode cursor with the content.
        let history_size = self.history_size();
        let mut delta = num_lines as i32 - old_lines as i32;
        let min_delta = min(0, num_lines as i32 - self.grid.cursor.point.line.0 - 1);
        delta = min(max(delta, min_delta), history_size as i32);
        self.vi_mode_cursor.point.line += delta;

        // Invalidate selection and tabs only when necessary.
        if old_cols != num_cols {
            self.selection = None;

            // Recreate tabs list.
            self.tabs.resize(num_cols);
        } else if let Some(selection) = self.selection.take() {
            let range = Line(0)..Line(num_lines as i32);
            self.selection = selection.rotate(self, &range, -delta);
        }

        let is_alt = self.mode.contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN);
        self.grid.resize(!is_alt, num_lines, num_cols);
        self.inactive_grid.resize(is_alt, num_lines, num_cols);

        // Clamp vi cursor to viewport.
        let vi_point = self.vi_mode_cursor.point;
        let viewport_bottom = Line(-(self.grid.display_offset() as i32));
        let viewport_top = viewport_bottom + self.bottommost_line();
        self.vi_mode_cursor.point.line = max(min(vi_point.line, viewport_top), viewport_bottom);
        self.vi_mode_cursor.point.column = min(vi_point.column, self.last_column());

        // Reset scrolling region.
        self.scroll_region = Line(0)..Line(self.screen_lines() as i32);
    }

    /// Active terminal modes.
    #[inline]
    pub fn mode(&self) -> &TermMode {
        &self.mode
    }

    /// Swap primary and alternate screen buffer.
    pub fn swap_alt(&mut self) {
        if !self.mode.contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN) {
            // Set alt screen cursor to the current primary screen cursor.
            self.inactive_grid.cursor = self.grid.cursor.clone();

            // Drop information about the primary screens saved cursor.
            self.grid.saved_cursor = self.grid.cursor.clone();

            // Reset alternate screen contents.
            self.inactive_grid.reset_region(..);
        }

        mem::swap(&mut self.grid, &mut self.inactive_grid);
        self.mode ^= TermMode::ALT_SCREEN;
        self.selection = None;
    }

    /// Scroll screen down.
    ///
    /// Text moves down; clear at bottom
    /// Expects origin to be in scroll range.
    #[inline]
    fn scroll_down_relative(&mut self, origin: Line, mut lines: usize) {
        trace!("Scrolling down relative: origin={}, lines={}", origin, lines);

        lines = min(lines, (self.scroll_region.end - self.scroll_region.start).0 as usize);
        lines = min(lines, (self.scroll_region.end - origin).0 as usize);

        let region = origin..self.scroll_region.end;

        // Scroll selection.
        self.selection =
            self.selection.take().and_then(|s| s.rotate(self, &region, -(lines as i32)));

        // Scroll between origin and bottom
        self.grid.scroll_down(&region, lines);
    }

    /// Scroll screen up
    ///
    /// Text moves up; clear at top
    /// Expects origin to be in scroll range.
    #[inline]
    fn scroll_up_relative(&mut self, origin: Line, mut lines: usize) {
        trace!("Scrolling up relative: origin={}, lines={}", origin, lines);

        lines = min(lines, (self.scroll_region.end - self.scroll_region.start).0 as usize);

        let region = origin..self.scroll_region.end;

        // Scroll selection.
        self.selection = self.selection.take().and_then(|s| s.rotate(self, &region, lines as i32));

        // Scroll from origin to bottom less number of lines.
        self.grid.scroll_up(&region, lines);
    }

    fn deccolm(&mut self)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        // Setting 132 column font makes no sense, but run the other side effects.
        // Clear scrolling region.
        self.set_scrolling_region(1, None);

        // Clear grid.
        self.grid.reset_region(..);
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn exit(&mut self)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::Exit);
    }

    /// Toggle the vi mode.
    #[inline]
    pub fn toggle_vi_mode(&mut self)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        self.mode ^= TermMode::VI;

        if self.mode.contains(TermMode::VI) {
            let display_offset = self.grid.display_offset() as i32;
            if self.grid.cursor.point.line > self.bottommost_line() - display_offset {
                // Move cursor to top-left if terminal cursor is not visible.
                let point = Point::new(Line(-display_offset), Column(0));
                self.vi_mode_cursor = ViModeCursor::new(point);
            } else {
                // Reset vi mode cursor position to match primary cursor.
                self.vi_mode_cursor = ViModeCursor::new(self.grid.cursor.point);
            }
        }

        // Update UI about cursor blinking state changes.
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::CursorBlinkingChange(self.cursor_style().blinking));
    }

    /// Move vi mode cursor.
    #[inline]
    pub fn vi_motion(&mut self, motion: ViMotion)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        // Require vi mode to be active.
        if !self.mode.contains(TermMode::VI) {
            return;
        }

        // Move cursor.
        self.vi_mode_cursor = self.vi_mode_cursor.motion(self, motion);
        self.vi_mode_recompute_selection();
    }

    /// Move vi cursor to a point in the grid.
    #[inline]
    pub fn vi_goto_point(&mut self, point: Point)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        // Move viewport to make point visible.
        self.scroll_to_point(point);

        // Move vi cursor to the point.
        self.vi_mode_cursor.point = point;

        self.vi_mode_recompute_selection();
    }

    /// Update the active selection to match the vi mode cursor position.
    #[inline]
    fn vi_mode_recompute_selection(&mut self) {
        // Require vi mode to be active.
        if !self.mode.contains(TermMode::VI) {
            return;
        }

        // Update only if non-empty selection is present.
        if let Some(selection) = self.selection.as_mut().filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) {
            selection.update(self.vi_mode_cursor.point, Side::Left);
            selection.include_all();
        }
    }

    /// Scroll display to point if it is outside of viewport.
    pub fn scroll_to_point(&mut self, point: Point)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        let display_offset = self.grid.display_offset() as i32;
        let screen_lines = self.grid.screen_lines() as i32;

        if point.line < -display_offset {
            let lines = point.line + display_offset;
            self.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(-lines.0));
        } else if point.line >= (screen_lines - display_offset) {
            let lines = point.line + display_offset - screen_lines + 1i32;
            self.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(-lines.0));
        }
    }

    /// Jump to the end of a wide cell.
    pub fn expand_wide(&self, mut point: Point, direction: Direction) -> Point {
        let flags = self.grid[point.line][point.column].flags;

        match direction {
            Direction::Right if flags.contains(Flags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) => {
                point.column = Column(1);
                point.line += 1;
            },
            Direction::Right if flags.contains(Flags::WIDE_CHAR) => {
                point.column = min(point.column + 1, self.last_column());
            },
            Direction::Left if flags.intersects(Flags::WIDE_CHAR | Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) => {
                if flags.contains(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) {
                    point.column -= 1;
                }

                let prev = point.sub(self, Boundary::Grid, 1);
                if self.grid[prev].flags.contains(Flags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) {
                    point = prev;
                }
            },
            _ => (),
        }

        point
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn semantic_escape_chars(&self) -> &str {
        &self.semantic_escape_chars
    }

    /// Active terminal cursor style.
    ///
    /// While vi mode is active, this will automatically return the vi mode cursor style.
    #[inline]
    pub fn cursor_style(&self) -> CursorStyle {
        let cursor_style = self.cursor_style.unwrap_or(self.default_cursor_style);

        if self.mode.contains(TermMode::VI) {
            self.vi_mode_cursor_style.unwrap_or(cursor_style)
        } else {
            cursor_style
        }
    }

    /// Insert a linebreak at the current cursor position.
    #[inline]
    fn wrapline(&mut self)
    where
        T: EventListener,
    {
        if !self.mode.contains(TermMode::LINE_WRAP) {
            return;
        }

        trace!("Wrapping input");

        self.grid.cursor_cell().flags.insert(Flags::WRAPLINE);

        if self.grid.cursor.point.line + 1 >= self.scroll_region.end {
            self.linefeed();
        } else {
            self.grid.cursor.point.line += 1;
        }

        self.grid.cursor.point.column = Column(0);
        self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = false;
    }

    /// Write `c` to the cell at the cursor position.
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_at_cursor(&mut self, c: char) {
        let c = self.grid.cursor.charsets[self.active_charset].map(c);
        let fg = self.grid.cursor.template.fg;
        let bg = self.grid.cursor.template.bg;
        let flags = self.grid.cursor.template.flags;

        let mut cursor_cell = self.grid.cursor_cell();

        // Clear all related cells when overwriting a fullwidth cell.
        if cursor_cell.flags.intersects(Flags::WIDE_CHAR | Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) {
            // Remove wide char and spacer.
            let wide = cursor_cell.flags.contains(Flags::WIDE_CHAR);
            let point = self.grid.cursor.point;
            if wide && point.column + 1 < self.columns() {
                self.grid[point.line][point.column + 1].flags.remove(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER);
            } else {
                self.grid[point.line][point.column - 1].clear_wide();
            }

            // Remove leading spacers.
            if point.column <= 1 && point.line != self.topmost_line() {
                let column = self.last_column();
                self.grid[point.line - 1i32][column].flags.remove(Flags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER);
            }

            cursor_cell = self.grid.cursor_cell();
        }

        cursor_cell.drop_extra();

        cursor_cell.c = c;
        cursor_cell.fg = fg;
        cursor_cell.bg = bg;
        cursor_cell.flags = flags;
    }
}

impl<T> Dimensions for Term<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn columns(&self) -> usize {
        self.grid.columns()
    }

    #[inline]
    fn screen_lines(&self) -> usize {
        self.grid.screen_lines()
    }

    #[inline]
    fn total_lines(&self) -> usize {
        self.grid.total_lines()
    }
}

impl<T: EventListener> Handler for Term<T> {
    /// A character to be displayed.
    #[inline(never)]
    fn input(&mut self, c: char) {
        // Number of cells the char will occupy.
        let width = match c.width() {
            Some(width) => width,
            None => return,
        };

        // Handle zero-width characters.
        if width == 0 {
            // Get previous column.
            let mut column = self.grid.cursor.point.column;
            if !self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap {
                column.0 = column.saturating_sub(1);
            }

            // Put zerowidth characters over first fullwidth character cell.
            let line = self.grid.cursor.point.line;
            if self.grid[line][column].flags.contains(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) {
                column.0 = column.saturating_sub(1);
            }

            self.grid[line][column].push_zerowidth(c);
            return;
        }

        // Move cursor to next line.
        if self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap {
            self.wrapline();
        }

        // If in insert mode, first shift cells to the right.
        let columns = self.columns();
        if self.mode.contains(TermMode::INSERT) && self.grid.cursor.point.column + width < columns {
            let line = self.grid.cursor.point.line;
            let col = self.grid.cursor.point.column;
            let row = &mut self.grid[line][..];

            for col in (col.0..(columns - width)).rev() {
                row.swap(col + width, col);
            }
        }

        if width == 1 {
            self.write_at_cursor(c);
        } else {
            if self.grid.cursor.point.column + 1 >= columns {
                if self.mode.contains(TermMode::LINE_WRAP) {
                    // Insert placeholder before wide char if glyph does not fit in this row.
                    self.grid.cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER);
                    self.write_at_cursor(' ');
                    self.grid.cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER);
                    self.wrapline();
                } else {
                    // Prevent out of bounds crash when linewrapping is disabled.
                    self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = true;
                    return;
                }
            }

            // Write full width glyph to current cursor cell.
            self.grid.cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::WIDE_CHAR);
            self.write_at_cursor(c);
            self.grid.cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::WIDE_CHAR);

            // Write spacer to cell following the wide glyph.
            self.grid.cursor.point.column += 1;
            self.grid.cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER);
            self.write_at_cursor(' ');
            self.grid.cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER);
        }

        if self.grid.cursor.point.column + 1 < columns {
            self.grid.cursor.point.column += 1;
        } else {
            self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = true;
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn decaln(&mut self) {
        trace!("Decalnning");

        for line in (0..self.screen_lines()).map(Line::from) {
            for column in 0..self.columns() {
                let cell = &mut self.grid[line][Column(column)];
                *cell = Cell::default();
                cell.c = 'E';
            }
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn goto(&mut self, line: Line, col: Column) {
        trace!("Going to: line={}, col={}", line, col);
        let (y_offset, max_y) = if self.mode.contains(TermMode::ORIGIN) {
            (self.scroll_region.start, self.scroll_region.end - 1)
        } else {
            (Line(0), self.bottommost_line())
        };

        self.grid.cursor.point.line = max(min(line + y_offset, max_y), Line(0));
        self.grid.cursor.point.column = min(col, self.last_column());
        self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = false;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn goto_line(&mut self, line: Line) {
        trace!("Going to line: {}", line);
        self.goto(line, self.grid.cursor.point.column)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn goto_col(&mut self, col: Column) {
        trace!("Going to column: {}", col);
        self.goto(self.grid.cursor.point.line, col)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn insert_blank(&mut self, count: usize) {
        let cursor = &self.grid.cursor;
        let bg = cursor.template.bg;

        // Ensure inserting within terminal bounds
        let count = min(count, self.columns() - cursor.point.column.0);

        let source = cursor.point.column;
        let destination = cursor.point.column.0 + count;
        let num_cells = self.columns() - destination;

        let line = cursor.point.line;
        let row = &mut self.grid[line][..];

        for offset in (0..num_cells).rev() {
            row.swap(destination + offset, source.0 + offset);
        }

        // Cells were just moved out toward the end of the line;
        // fill in between source and dest with blanks.
        for cell in &mut row[source.0..destination] {
            *cell = bg.into();
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_up(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        trace!("Moving up: {}", lines);
        self.goto(self.grid.cursor.point.line - lines, self.grid.cursor.point.column)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_down(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        trace!("Moving down: {}", lines);
        self.goto(self.grid.cursor.point.line + lines, self.grid.cursor.point.column)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_forward(&mut self, cols: Column) {
        trace!("Moving forward: {}", cols);
        let last_column = self.last_column();
        self.grid.cursor.point.column = min(self.grid.cursor.point.column + cols, last_column);
        self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = false;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_backward(&mut self, cols: Column) {
        trace!("Moving backward: {}", cols);
        self.grid.cursor.point.column =
            Column(self.grid.cursor.point.column.saturating_sub(cols.0));
        self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = false;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn identify_terminal(&mut self, intermediate: Option<char>) {
        match intermediate {
            None => {
                trace!("Reporting primary device attributes");
                let text = String::from("\x1b[?6c");
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::PtyWrite(text));
            },
            Some('>') => {
                trace!("Reporting secondary device attributes");
                let version = version_number(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
                let text = format!("\x1b[>0;{};1c", version);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::PtyWrite(text));
            },
            _ => debug!("Unsupported device attributes intermediate"),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn device_status(&mut self, arg: usize) {
        trace!("Reporting device status: {}", arg);
        match arg {
            5 => {
                let text = String::from("\x1b[0n");
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::PtyWrite(text));
            },
            6 => {
                let pos = self.grid.cursor.point;
                let text = format!("\x1b[{};{}R", pos.line + 1, pos.column + 1);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::PtyWrite(text));
            },
            _ => debug!("unknown device status query: {}", arg),
        };
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_down_and_cr(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        trace!("Moving down and cr: {}", lines);
        self.goto(self.grid.cursor.point.line + lines, Column(0))
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_up_and_cr(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        trace!("Moving up and cr: {}", lines);
        self.goto(self.grid.cursor.point.line - lines, Column(0))
    }

    /// Insert tab at cursor position.
    #[inline]
    fn put_tab(&mut self, mut count: u16) {
        // A tab after the last column is the same as a linebreak.
        if self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap {
            self.wrapline();
            return;
        }

        while self.grid.cursor.point.column < self.columns() && count != 0 {
            count -= 1;

            let c = self.grid.cursor.charsets[self.active_charset].map('\t');
            let cell = self.grid.cursor_cell();
            if cell.c == ' ' {
                cell.c = c;
            }

            loop {
                if (self.grid.cursor.point.column + 1) == self.columns() {
                    break;
                }

                self.grid.cursor.point.column += 1;

                if self.tabs[self.grid.cursor.point.column] {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Backspace.
    #[inline]
    fn backspace(&mut self) {
        trace!("Backspace");

        if self.grid.cursor.point.column > Column(0) {
            self.grid.cursor.point.column -= 1;
            self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = false;
        }
    }

    /// Carriage return.
    #[inline]
    fn carriage_return(&mut self) {
        trace!("Carriage return");
        self.grid.cursor.point.column = Column(0);
        self.grid.cursor.input_needs_wrap = false;
    }

    /// Linefeed.
    #[inline]
    fn linefeed(&mut self) {
        trace!("Linefeed");
        let next = self.grid.cursor.point.line + 1;
        if next == self.scroll_region.end {
            self.scroll_up(1);
        } else if next < self.screen_lines() {
            self.grid.cursor.point.line += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Set current position as a tabstop.
    #[inline]
    fn bell(&mut self) {
        trace!("Bell");
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::Bell);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn substitute(&mut self) {
        trace!("[unimplemented] Substitute");
    }

    /// Run LF/NL.
    ///
    /// LF/NL mode has some interesting history. According to ECMA-48 4th
    /// edition, in LINE FEED mode,
    ///
    /// > The execution of the formatter functions LINE FEED (LF), FORM FEED
    /// (FF), LINE TABULATION (VT) cause only movement of the active position in
    /// the direction of the line progression.
    ///
    /// In NEW LINE mode,
    ///
    /// > The execution of the formatter functions LINE FEED (LF), FORM FEED
    /// (FF), LINE TABULATION (VT) cause movement to the line home position on
    /// the following line, the following form, etc. In the case of LF this is
    /// referred to as the New Line (NL) option.
    ///
    /// Additionally, ECMA-48 4th edition says that this option is deprecated.
    /// ECMA-48 5th edition only mentions this option (without explanation)
    /// saying that it's been removed.
    ///
    /// As an emulator, we need to support it since applications may still rely
    /// on it.
    #[inline]
    fn newline(&mut self) {
        self.linefeed();

        if self.mode.contains(TermMode::LINE_FEED_NEW_LINE) {
            self.carriage_return();
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_horizontal_tabstop(&mut self) {
        trace!("Setting horizontal tabstop");
        self.tabs[self.grid.cursor.point.column] = true;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn scroll_up(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        let origin = self.scroll_region.start;
        self.scroll_up_relative(origin, lines);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn scroll_down(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        let origin = self.scroll_region.start;
        self.scroll_down_relative(origin, lines);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn insert_blank_lines(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        trace!("Inserting blank {} lines", lines);

        let origin = self.grid.cursor.point.line;
        if self.scroll_region.contains(&origin) {
            self.scroll_down_relative(origin, lines);
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn delete_lines(&mut self, lines: usize) {
        let origin = self.grid.cursor.point.line;
        let lines = min(self.screen_lines() - origin.0 as usize, lines);

        trace!("Deleting {} lines", lines);

        if lines > 0 && self.scroll_region.contains(&origin) {
            self.scroll_up_relative(origin, lines);
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn erase_chars(&mut self, count: Column) {
        let cursor = &self.grid.cursor;

        trace!("Erasing chars: count={}, col={}", count, cursor.point.column);

        let start = cursor.point.column;
        let end = min(start + count, Column(self.columns()));

        // Cleared cells have current background color set.
        let bg = self.grid.cursor.template.bg;
        let line = cursor.point.line;
        let row = &mut self.grid[line];
        for cell in &mut row[start..end] {
            *cell = bg.into();
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn delete_chars(&mut self, count: usize) {
        let columns = self.columns();
        let cursor = &self.grid.cursor;
        let bg = cursor.template.bg;

        // Ensure deleting within terminal bounds.
        let count = min(count, columns);

        let start = cursor.point.column.0;
        let end = min(start + count, columns - 1);
        let num_cells = columns - end;

        let line = cursor.point.line;
        let row = &mut self.grid[line][..];

        for offset in 0..num_cells {
            row.swap(start + offset, end + offset);
        }

        // Clear last `count` cells in the row. If deleting 1 char, need to delete
        // 1 cell.
        let end = columns - count;
        for cell in &mut row[end..] {
            *cell = bg.into();
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_backward_tabs(&mut self, count: u16) {
        trace!("Moving backward {} tabs", count);

        for _ in 0..count {
            let mut col = self.grid.cursor.point.column;
            for i in (0..(col.0)).rev() {
                if self.tabs[index::Column(i)] {
                    col = index::Column(i);
                    break;
                }
            }
            self.grid.cursor.point.column = col;
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_forward_tabs(&mut self, count: u16) {
        trace!("[unimplemented] Moving forward {} tabs", count);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn save_cursor_position(&mut self) {
        trace!("Saving cursor position");

        self.grid.saved_cursor = self.grid.cursor.clone();
    }

    #[inline]
    fn restore_cursor_position(&mut self) {
        trace!("Restoring cursor position");

        self.grid.cursor = self.grid.saved_cursor.clone();
    }

    #[inline]
    fn clear_line(&mut self, mode: ansi::LineClearMode) {
        trace!("Clearing line: {:?}", mode);

        let cursor = &self.grid.cursor;
        let bg = cursor.template.bg;

        let point = cursor.point;
        let row = &mut self.grid[point.line];

        match mode {
            ansi::LineClearMode::Right => {
                for cell in &mut row[point.column..] {
                    *cell = bg.into();
                }
            },
            ansi::LineClearMode::Left => {
                for cell in &mut row[..=point.column] {
                    *cell = bg.into();
                }
            },
            ansi::LineClearMode::All => {
                for cell in &mut row[..] {
                    *cell = bg.into();
                }
            },
        }

        let range = self.grid.cursor.point.line..=self.grid.cursor.point.line;
        self.selection = self.selection.take().filter(|s| !s.intersects_range(range));
    }

    /// Set the indexed color value.
    #[inline]
    fn set_color(&mut self, index: usize, color: Rgb) {
        trace!("Setting color[{}] = {:?}", index, color);
        self.colors[index] = Some(color);
    }

    /// Write a foreground/background color escape sequence with the current color.
    #[inline]
    fn dynamic_color_sequence(&mut self, code: u8, index: usize, terminator: &str) {
        trace!("Requested write of escape sequence for color code {}: color[{}]", code, index);

        let terminator = terminator.to_owned();
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::ColorRequest(
            index,
            Arc::new(move |color| {
                format!(
                    "\x1b]{};rgb:{1:02x}{1:02x}/{2:02x}{2:02x}/{3:02x}{3:02x}{4}",
                    code, color.r, color.g, color.b, terminator
                )
            }),
        ));
    }

    /// Reset the indexed color to original value.
    #[inline]
    fn reset_color(&mut self, index: usize) {
        trace!("Resetting color[{}]", index);
        self.colors[index] = None;
    }

    /// Store data into clipboard.
    #[inline]
    fn clipboard_store(&mut self, clipboard: u8, base64: &[u8]) {
        let clipboard_type = match clipboard {
            b'c' => ClipboardType::Clipboard,
            b'p' | b's' => ClipboardType::Selection,
            _ => return,
        };

        if let Ok(bytes) = base64::decode(base64) {
            if let Ok(text) = String::from_utf8(bytes) {
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::ClipboardStore(clipboard_type, text));
            }
        }
    }

    /// Load data from clipboard.
    #[inline]
    fn clipboard_load(&mut self, clipboard: u8, terminator: &str) {
        let clipboard_type = match clipboard {
            b'c' => ClipboardType::Clipboard,
            b'p' | b's' => ClipboardType::Selection,
            _ => return,
        };

        let terminator = terminator.to_owned();

        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::ClipboardLoad(
            clipboard_type,
            Arc::new(move |text| {
                let base64 = base64::encode(&text);
                format!("\x1b]52;{};{}{}", clipboard as char, base64, terminator)
            }),
        ));
    }

    #[inline]
    fn clear_screen(&mut self, mode: ansi::ClearMode) {
        trace!("Clearing screen: {:?}", mode);
        let bg = self.grid.cursor.template.bg;

        let screen_lines = self.screen_lines();

        match mode {
            ansi::ClearMode::Above => {
                let cursor = self.grid.cursor.point;

                // If clearing more than one line.
                if cursor.line > 1 {
                    // Fully clear all lines before the current line.
                    self.grid.reset_region(..cursor.line);
                }

                // Clear up to the current column in the current line.
                let end = min(cursor.column + 1, Column(self.columns()));
                for cell in &mut self.grid[cursor.line][..end] {
                    *cell = bg.into();
                }

                let range = Line(0)..=cursor.line;
                self.selection = self.selection.take().filter(|s| !s.intersects_range(range));
            },
            ansi::ClearMode::Below => {
                let cursor = self.grid.cursor.point;
                for cell in &mut self.grid[cursor.line][cursor.column..] {
                    *cell = bg.into();
                }

                if (cursor.line.0 as usize) < screen_lines - 1 {
                    self.grid.reset_region((cursor.line + 1)..);
                }

                let range = cursor.line..Line(screen_lines as i32);
                self.selection = self.selection.take().filter(|s| !s.intersects_range(range));
            },
            ansi::ClearMode::All => {
                if self.mode.contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN) {
                    self.grid.reset_region(..);
                } else {
                    self.grid.clear_viewport();
                }

                self.selection = None;
            },
            ansi::ClearMode::Saved if self.history_size() > 0 => {
                self.grid.clear_history();

                self.selection = self.selection.take().filter(|s| !s.intersects_range(..Line(0)));
            },
            // We have no history to clear.
            ansi::ClearMode::Saved => (),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn clear_tabs(&mut self, mode: ansi::TabulationClearMode) {
        trace!("Clearing tabs: {:?}", mode);
        match mode {
            ansi::TabulationClearMode::Current => {
                self.tabs[self.grid.cursor.point.column] = false;
            },
            ansi::TabulationClearMode::All => {
                self.tabs.clear_all();
            },
        }
    }

    /// Reset all important fields in the term struct.
    #[inline]
    fn reset_state(&mut self) {
        if self.mode.contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN) {
            mem::swap(&mut self.grid, &mut self.inactive_grid);
        }
        self.active_charset = Default::default();
        self.cursor_style = None;
        self.grid.reset();
        self.inactive_grid.reset();
        self.scroll_region = Line(0)..Line(self.screen_lines() as i32);
        self.tabs = TabStops::new(self.columns());
        self.title_stack = Vec::new();
        self.title = None;
        self.selection = None;

        // Preserve vi mode across resets.
        self.mode &= TermMode::VI;
        self.mode.insert(TermMode::default());

        let blinking = self.cursor_style().blinking;
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::CursorBlinkingChange(blinking));
    }

    #[inline]
    fn reverse_index(&mut self) {
        trace!("Reversing index");
        // If cursor is at the top.
        if self.grid.cursor.point.line == self.scroll_region.start {
            self.scroll_down(1);
        } else {
            self.grid.cursor.point.line = max(self.grid.cursor.point.line - 1, Line(0));
        }
    }

    /// Set a terminal attribute.
    #[inline]
    fn terminal_attribute(&mut self, attr: Attr) {
        trace!("Setting attribute: {:?}", attr);
        let cursor = &mut self.grid.cursor;
        match attr {
            Attr::Foreground(color) => cursor.template.fg = color,
            Attr::Background(color) => cursor.template.bg = color,
            Attr::Reset => {
                cursor.template.fg = Color::Named(NamedColor::Foreground);
                cursor.template.bg = Color::Named(NamedColor::Background);
                cursor.template.flags = Flags::empty();
            },
            Attr::Reverse => cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::INVERSE),
            Attr::CancelReverse => cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::INVERSE),
            Attr::Bold => cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::BOLD),
            Attr::CancelBold => cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::BOLD),
            Attr::Dim => cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::DIM),
            Attr::CancelBoldDim => cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::BOLD | Flags::DIM),
            Attr::Italic => cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::ITALIC),
            Attr::CancelItalic => cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::ITALIC),
            Attr::Underline => {
                cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::DOUBLE_UNDERLINE);
                cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::UNDERLINE);
            },
            Attr::DoubleUnderline => {
                cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::UNDERLINE);
                cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::DOUBLE_UNDERLINE);
            },
            Attr::CancelUnderline => {
                cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::UNDERLINE | Flags::DOUBLE_UNDERLINE);
            },
            Attr::Hidden => cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::HIDDEN),
            Attr::CancelHidden => cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::HIDDEN),
            Attr::Strike => cursor.template.flags.insert(Flags::STRIKEOUT),
            Attr::CancelStrike => cursor.template.flags.remove(Flags::STRIKEOUT),
            _ => {
                debug!("Term got unhandled attr: {:?}", attr);
            },
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_mode(&mut self, mode: ansi::Mode) {
        trace!("Setting mode: {:?}", mode);
        match mode {
            ansi::Mode::UrgencyHints => self.mode.insert(TermMode::URGENCY_HINTS),
            ansi::Mode::SwapScreenAndSetRestoreCursor => {
                if !self.mode.contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN) {
                    self.swap_alt();
                }
            },
            ansi::Mode::ShowCursor => self.mode.insert(TermMode::SHOW_CURSOR),
            ansi::Mode::CursorKeys => self.mode.insert(TermMode::APP_CURSOR),
            // Mouse protocols are mutually exclusive.
            ansi::Mode::ReportMouseClicks => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::MOUSE_MODE);
                self.mode.insert(TermMode::MOUSE_REPORT_CLICK);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::MouseCursorDirty);
            },
            ansi::Mode::ReportCellMouseMotion => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::MOUSE_MODE);
                self.mode.insert(TermMode::MOUSE_DRAG);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::MouseCursorDirty);
            },
            ansi::Mode::ReportAllMouseMotion => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::MOUSE_MODE);
                self.mode.insert(TermMode::MOUSE_MOTION);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::MouseCursorDirty);
            },
            ansi::Mode::ReportFocusInOut => self.mode.insert(TermMode::FOCUS_IN_OUT),
            ansi::Mode::BracketedPaste => self.mode.insert(TermMode::BRACKETED_PASTE),
            // Mouse encodings are mutually exclusive.
            ansi::Mode::SgrMouse => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::UTF8_MOUSE);
                self.mode.insert(TermMode::SGR_MOUSE);
            },
            ansi::Mode::Utf8Mouse => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::SGR_MOUSE);
                self.mode.insert(TermMode::UTF8_MOUSE);
            },
            ansi::Mode::AlternateScroll => self.mode.insert(TermMode::ALTERNATE_SCROLL),
            ansi::Mode::LineWrap => self.mode.insert(TermMode::LINE_WRAP),
            ansi::Mode::LineFeedNewLine => self.mode.insert(TermMode::LINE_FEED_NEW_LINE),
            ansi::Mode::Origin => self.mode.insert(TermMode::ORIGIN),
            ansi::Mode::ColumnMode => self.deccolm(),
            ansi::Mode::Insert => self.mode.insert(TermMode::INSERT),
            ansi::Mode::BlinkingCursor => {
                let style = self.cursor_style.get_or_insert(self.default_cursor_style);
                style.blinking = true;
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::CursorBlinkingChange(true));
            },
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn unset_mode(&mut self, mode: ansi::Mode) {
        trace!("Unsetting mode: {:?}", mode);
        match mode {
            ansi::Mode::UrgencyHints => self.mode.remove(TermMode::URGENCY_HINTS),
            ansi::Mode::SwapScreenAndSetRestoreCursor => {
                if self.mode.contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN) {
                    self.swap_alt();
                }
            },
            ansi::Mode::ShowCursor => self.mode.remove(TermMode::SHOW_CURSOR),
            ansi::Mode::CursorKeys => self.mode.remove(TermMode::APP_CURSOR),
            ansi::Mode::ReportMouseClicks => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::MOUSE_REPORT_CLICK);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::MouseCursorDirty);
            },
            ansi::Mode::ReportCellMouseMotion => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::MOUSE_DRAG);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::MouseCursorDirty);
            },
            ansi::Mode::ReportAllMouseMotion => {
                self.mode.remove(TermMode::MOUSE_MOTION);
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::MouseCursorDirty);
            },
            ansi::Mode::ReportFocusInOut => self.mode.remove(TermMode::FOCUS_IN_OUT),
            ansi::Mode::BracketedPaste => self.mode.remove(TermMode::BRACKETED_PASTE),
            ansi::Mode::SgrMouse => self.mode.remove(TermMode::SGR_MOUSE),
            ansi::Mode::Utf8Mouse => self.mode.remove(TermMode::UTF8_MOUSE),
            ansi::Mode::AlternateScroll => self.mode.remove(TermMode::ALTERNATE_SCROLL),
            ansi::Mode::LineWrap => self.mode.remove(TermMode::LINE_WRAP),
            ansi::Mode::LineFeedNewLine => self.mode.remove(TermMode::LINE_FEED_NEW_LINE),
            ansi::Mode::Origin => self.mode.remove(TermMode::ORIGIN),
            ansi::Mode::ColumnMode => self.deccolm(),
            ansi::Mode::Insert => self.mode.remove(TermMode::INSERT),
            ansi::Mode::BlinkingCursor => {
                let style = self.cursor_style.get_or_insert(self.default_cursor_style);
                style.blinking = false;
                self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::CursorBlinkingChange(false));
            },
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_scrolling_region(&mut self, top: usize, bottom: Option<usize>) {
        // Fallback to the last line as default.
        let bottom = bottom.unwrap_or_else(|| self.screen_lines());

        if top >= bottom {
            debug!("Invalid scrolling region: ({};{})", top, bottom);
            return;
        }

        // Bottom should be included in the range, but range end is not
        // usually included. One option would be to use an inclusive
        // range, but instead we just let the open range end be 1
        // higher.
        let start = Line(top as i32 - 1);
        let end = Line(bottom as i32);

        trace!("Setting scrolling region: ({};{})", start, end);

        let screen_lines = Line(self.screen_lines() as i32);
        self.scroll_region.start = min(start, screen_lines);
        self.scroll_region.end = min(end, screen_lines);
        self.goto(Line(0), Column(0));
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_keypad_application_mode(&mut self) {
        trace!("Setting keypad application mode");
        self.mode.insert(TermMode::APP_KEYPAD);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn unset_keypad_application_mode(&mut self) {
        trace!("Unsetting keypad application mode");
        self.mode.remove(TermMode::APP_KEYPAD);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn configure_charset(&mut self, index: CharsetIndex, charset: StandardCharset) {
        trace!("Configuring charset {:?} as {:?}", index, charset);
        self.grid.cursor.charsets[index] = charset;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_active_charset(&mut self, index: CharsetIndex) {
        trace!("Setting active charset {:?}", index);
        self.active_charset = index;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_cursor_style(&mut self, style: Option<CursorStyle>) {
        trace!("Setting cursor style {:?}", style);
        self.cursor_style = style;

        // Notify UI about blinking changes.
        let blinking = style.unwrap_or(self.default_cursor_style).blinking;
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::CursorBlinkingChange(blinking));
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_cursor_shape(&mut self, shape: CursorShape) {
        trace!("Setting cursor shape {:?}", shape);

        let style = self.cursor_style.get_or_insert(self.default_cursor_style);
        style.shape = shape;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn set_title(&mut self, title: Option<String>) {
        trace!("Setting title to '{:?}'", title);

        self.title = title.clone();

        let title_event = match title {
            Some(title) => Event::Title(title),
            None => Event::ResetTitle,
        };

        self.event_proxy.send_event(title_event);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn push_title(&mut self) {
        trace!("Pushing '{:?}' onto title stack", self.title);

        if self.title_stack.len() >= TITLE_STACK_MAX_DEPTH {
            let removed = self.title_stack.remove(0);
            trace!(
                "Removing '{:?}' from bottom of title stack that exceeds its maximum depth",
                removed
            );
        }

        self.title_stack.push(self.title.clone());
    }

    #[inline]
    fn pop_title(&mut self) {
        trace!("Attempting to pop title from stack...");

        if let Some(popped) = self.title_stack.pop() {
            trace!("Title '{:?}' popped from stack", popped);
            self.set_title(popped);
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn text_area_size_pixels(&mut self) {
        let width = self.cell_width * self.columns();
        let height = self.cell_height * self.screen_lines();
        let text = format!("\x1b[4;{};{}t", height, width);
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::PtyWrite(text));
    }

    #[inline]
    fn text_area_size_chars(&mut self) {
        let text = format!("\x1b[8;{};{}t", self.screen_lines(), self.columns());
        self.event_proxy.send_event(Event::PtyWrite(text));
    }
}

/// Terminal version for escape sequence reports.
///
/// This returns the current terminal version as a unique number based on alacritty_terminal's
/// semver version. The different versions are padded to ensure that a higher semver version will
/// always report a higher version number.
fn version_number(mut version: &str) -> usize {
    if let Some(separator) = version.rfind('-') {
        version = &version[..separator];
    }

    let mut version_number = 0;

    let semver_versions = version.split('.');
    for (i, semver_version) in semver_versions.rev().enumerate() {
        let semver_number = semver_version.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or(0);
        version_number += usize::pow(100, i as u32) * semver_number;
    }

    version_number
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ClipboardType {
    Clipboard,
    Selection,
}

struct TabStops {
    tabs: Vec<bool>,
}

impl TabStops {
    #[inline]
    fn new(columns: usize) -> TabStops {
        TabStops { tabs: (0..columns).map(|i| i % INITIAL_TABSTOPS == 0).collect() }
    }

    /// Remove all tabstops.
    #[inline]
    fn clear_all(&mut self) {
        unsafe {
            ptr::write_bytes(self.tabs.as_mut_ptr(), 0, self.tabs.len());
        }
    }

    /// Increase tabstop capacity.
    #[inline]
    fn resize(&mut self, columns: usize) {
        let mut index = self.tabs.len();
        self.tabs.resize_with(columns, || {
            let is_tabstop = index % INITIAL_TABSTOPS == 0;
            index += 1;
            is_tabstop
        });
    }
}

impl Index<Column> for TabStops {
    type Output = bool;

    fn index(&self, index: Column) -> &bool {
        &self.tabs[index.0]
    }
}

impl IndexMut<Column> for TabStops {
    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: Column) -> &mut bool {
        self.tabs.index_mut(index.0)
    }
}

/// Terminal cursor rendering information.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct RenderableCursor {
    pub shape: CursorShape,
    pub point: Point,
}

impl RenderableCursor {
    fn new<T>(term: &Term<T>) -> Self {
        // Cursor position.
        let vi_mode = term.mode().contains(TermMode::VI);
        let mut point = if vi_mode { term.vi_mode_cursor.point } else { term.grid.cursor.point };
        if term.grid[point].flags.contains(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER) {
            point.column -= 1;
        }

        // Cursor shape.
        let shape = if !vi_mode && !term.mode().contains(TermMode::SHOW_CURSOR) {
            CursorShape::Hidden
        } else {
            term.cursor_style().shape
        };

        Self { shape, point }
    }
}

/// Visible terminal content.
///
/// This contains all content required to render the current terminal view.
pub struct RenderableContent<'a> {
    pub display_iter: GridIterator<'a, Cell>,
    pub selection: Option<SelectionRange>,
    pub cursor: RenderableCursor,
    pub display_offset: usize,
    pub colors: &'a color::Colors,
    pub mode: TermMode,
}

impl<'a> RenderableContent<'a> {
    fn new<T>(term: &'a Term<T>) -> Self {
        Self {
            display_iter: term.grid().display_iter(),
            display_offset: term.grid().display_offset(),
            cursor: RenderableCursor::new(term),
            selection: term.selection.as_ref().and_then(|s| s.to_range(term)),
            colors: &term.colors,
            mode: *term.mode(),
        }
    }
}

/// Terminal test helpers.
pub mod test {
    use super::*;

    use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthChar;

    use crate::config::Config;
    use crate::index::Column;

    /// Construct a terminal from its content as string.
    ///
    /// A `\n` will break line and `\r\n` will break line without wrapping.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use alacritty_terminal::term::test::mock_term;
    ///
    /// // Create a terminal with the following cells:
    /// //
    /// // [h][e][l][l][o] <- WRAPLINE flag set
    /// // [:][)][ ][ ][ ]
    /// // [t][e][s][t][ ]
    /// mock_term(
    ///     "\
    ///     hello\n:)\r\ntest",
    /// );
    /// ```
    pub fn mock_term(content: &str) -> Term<()> {
        let lines: Vec<&str> = content.split('\n').collect();
        let num_cols = lines
            .iter()
            .map(|line| line.chars().filter(|c| *c != '\r').map(|c| c.width().unwrap()).sum())
            .max()
            .unwrap_or(0);

        // Create terminal with the appropriate dimensions.
        let size = SizeInfo::new(num_cols as f32, lines.len() as f32, 1., 1., 0., 0., false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&Config::<()>::default(), size, ());

        // Fill terminal with content.
        for (line, text) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
            let line = Line(line as i32);
            if !text.ends_with('\r') && line + 1 != lines.len() {
                term.grid[line][Column(num_cols - 1)].flags.insert(Flags::WRAPLINE);
            }

            let mut index = 0;
            for c in text.chars().take_while(|c| *c != '\r') {
                term.grid[line][Column(index)].c = c;

                // Handle fullwidth characters.
                let width = c.width().unwrap();
                if width == 2 {
                    term.grid[line][Column(index)].flags.insert(Flags::WIDE_CHAR);
                    term.grid[line][Column(index + 1)].flags.insert(Flags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER);
                }

                index += width;
            }
        }

        term
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    use std::mem;

    use crate::ansi::{self, CharsetIndex, Handler, StandardCharset};
    use crate::config::MockConfig;
    use crate::grid::{Grid, Scroll};
    use crate::index::{Column, Point, Side};
    use crate::selection::{Selection, SelectionType};
    use crate::term::cell::{Cell, Flags};

    #[test]
    fn semantic_selection_works() {
        let size = SizeInfo::new(5., 3., 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());
        let mut grid: Grid<Cell> = Grid::new(3, 5, 0);
        for i in 0..5 {
            for j in 0..2 {
                grid[Line(j)][Column(i)].c = 'a';
            }
        }
        grid[Line(0)][Column(0)].c = '"';
        grid[Line(0)][Column(3)].c = '"';
        grid[Line(1)][Column(2)].c = '"';
        grid[Line(0)][Column(4)].flags.insert(Flags::WRAPLINE);

        let mut escape_chars = String::from("\"");

        mem::swap(&mut term.grid, &mut grid);
        mem::swap(&mut term.semantic_escape_chars, &mut escape_chars);

        {
            term.selection = Some(Selection::new(
                SelectionType::Semantic,
                Point { line: Line(0), column: Column(1) },
                Side::Left,
            ));
            assert_eq!(term.selection_to_string(), Some(String::from("aa")));
        }

        {
            term.selection = Some(Selection::new(
                SelectionType::Semantic,
                Point { line: Line(0), column: Column(4) },
                Side::Left,
            ));
            assert_eq!(term.selection_to_string(), Some(String::from("aaa")));
        }

        {
            term.selection = Some(Selection::new(
                SelectionType::Semantic,
                Point { line: Line(1), column: Column(1) },
                Side::Left,
            ));
            assert_eq!(term.selection_to_string(), Some(String::from("aaa")));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn line_selection_works() {
        let size = SizeInfo::new(5., 1., 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());
        let mut grid: Grid<Cell> = Grid::new(1, 5, 0);
        for i in 0..5 {
            grid[Line(0)][Column(i)].c = 'a';
        }
        grid[Line(0)][Column(0)].c = '"';
        grid[Line(0)][Column(3)].c = '"';

        mem::swap(&mut term.grid, &mut grid);

        term.selection = Some(Selection::new(
            SelectionType::Lines,
            Point { line: Line(0), column: Column(3) },
            Side::Left,
        ));
        assert_eq!(term.selection_to_string(), Some(String::from("\"aa\"a\n")));
    }

    #[test]
    fn selecting_empty_line() {
        let size = SizeInfo::new(3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());
        let mut grid: Grid<Cell> = Grid::new(3, 3, 0);
        for l in 0..3 {
            if l != 1 {
                for c in 0..3 {
                    grid[Line(l)][Column(c)].c = 'a';
                }
            }
        }

        mem::swap(&mut term.grid, &mut grid);

        let mut selection = Selection::new(
            SelectionType::Simple,
            Point { line: Line(0), column: Column(0) },
            Side::Left,
        );
        selection.update(Point { line: Line(2), column: Column(2) }, Side::Right);
        term.selection = Some(selection);
        assert_eq!(term.selection_to_string(), Some("aaa\n\naaa\n".into()));
    }

    /// Check that the grid can be serialized back and forth losslessly.
    ///
    /// This test is in the term module as opposed to the grid since we want to
    /// test this property with a T=Cell.
    #[test]
    fn grid_serde() {
        let grid: Grid<Cell> = Grid::new(24, 80, 0);
        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&grid).expect("ser");
        let deserialized = serde_json::from_str::<Grid<Cell>>(&serialized).expect("de");

        assert_eq!(deserialized, grid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn input_line_drawing_character() {
        let size = SizeInfo::new(21.0, 51.0, 3.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());
        let cursor = Point::new(Line(0), Column(0));
        term.configure_charset(CharsetIndex::G0, StandardCharset::SpecialCharacterAndLineDrawing);
        term.input('a');

        assert_eq!(term.grid()[cursor].c, '▒');
    }

    #[test]
    fn clear_saved_lines() {
        let size = SizeInfo::new(21.0, 51.0, 3.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());

        // Add one line of scrollback.
        term.grid.scroll_up(&(Line(0)..Line(1)), 1);

        // Clear the history.
        term.clear_screen(ansi::ClearMode::Saved);

        // Make sure that scrolling does not change the grid.
        let mut scrolled_grid = term.grid.clone();
        scrolled_grid.scroll_display(Scroll::Top);

        // Truncate grids for comparison.
        scrolled_grid.truncate();
        term.grid.truncate();

        assert_eq!(term.grid, scrolled_grid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn grow_lines_updates_active_cursor_pos() {
        let mut size = SizeInfo::new(100.0, 10.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());

        // Create 10 lines of scrollback.
        for _ in 0..19 {
            term.newline();
        }
        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 10);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(9), Column(0)));

        // Increase visible lines.
        size.screen_lines = 30;
        term.resize(size);

        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 0);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(19), Column(0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn grow_lines_updates_inactive_cursor_pos() {
        let mut size = SizeInfo::new(100.0, 10.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());

        // Create 10 lines of scrollback.
        for _ in 0..19 {
            term.newline();
        }
        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 10);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(9), Column(0)));

        // Enter alt screen.
        term.set_mode(ansi::Mode::SwapScreenAndSetRestoreCursor);

        // Increase visible lines.
        size.screen_lines = 30;
        term.resize(size);

        // Leave alt screen.
        term.unset_mode(ansi::Mode::SwapScreenAndSetRestoreCursor);

        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 0);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(19), Column(0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn shrink_lines_updates_active_cursor_pos() {
        let mut size = SizeInfo::new(100.0, 10.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());

        // Create 10 lines of scrollback.
        for _ in 0..19 {
            term.newline();
        }
        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 10);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(9), Column(0)));

        // Increase visible lines.
        size.screen_lines = 5;
        term.resize(size);

        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 15);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(4), Column(0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn shrink_lines_updates_inactive_cursor_pos() {
        let mut size = SizeInfo::new(100.0, 10.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());

        // Create 10 lines of scrollback.
        for _ in 0..19 {
            term.newline();
        }
        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 10);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(9), Column(0)));

        // Enter alt screen.
        term.set_mode(ansi::Mode::SwapScreenAndSetRestoreCursor);

        // Increase visible lines.
        size.screen_lines = 5;
        term.resize(size);

        // Leave alt screen.
        term.unset_mode(ansi::Mode::SwapScreenAndSetRestoreCursor);

        assert_eq!(term.history_size(), 15);
        assert_eq!(term.grid.cursor.point, Point::new(Line(4), Column(0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn window_title() {
        let size = SizeInfo::new(21.0, 51.0, 3.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, false);
        let mut term = Term::new(&MockConfig::default(), size, ());

        // Title None by default.
        assert_eq!(term.title, None);

        // Title can be set.
        term.set_title(Some("Test".into()));
        assert_eq!(term.title, Some("Test".into()));

        // Title can be pushed onto stack.
        term.push_title();
        term.set_title(Some("Next".into()));
        assert_eq!(term.title, Some("Next".into()));
        assert_eq!(term.title_stack.get(0).unwrap(), &Some("Test".into()));

        // Title can be popped from stack and set as the window title.
        term.pop_title();
        assert_eq!(term.title, Some("Test".into()));
        assert!(term.title_stack.is_empty());

        // Title stack doesn't grow infinitely.
        for _ in 0..4097 {
            term.push_title();
        }
        assert_eq!(term.title_stack.len(), 4096);

        // Title and title stack reset when terminal state is reset.
        term.push_title();
        term.reset_state();
        assert_eq!(term.title, None);
        assert!(term.title_stack.is_empty());

        // Title stack pops back to default.
        term.title = None;
        term.push_title();
        term.set_title(Some("Test".into()));
        term.pop_title();
        assert_eq!(term.title, None);

        // Title can be reset to default.
        term.title = Some("Test".into());
        term.set_title(None);
        assert_eq!(term.title, None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_cargo_version() {
        assert!(version_number(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")) >= 10_01);
        assert_eq!(version_number("0.0.1-dev"), 1);
        assert_eq!(version_number("0.1.2-dev"), 1_02);
        assert_eq!(version_number("1.2.3-dev"), 1_02_03);
        assert_eq!(version_number("999.99.99"), 9_99_99_99);
    }
}